【每日逻辑练习第二季】【3-6】

UlysessHope

【精练】
转眼已经到Chapter Twelve: Method of Reasoning Questions了~~~

1. Garbage in this neighborhood probably will not be
collected until Thursday this week. Garbage is
usually collected here on Wednesdays, and the
garbage collectors in this city are extremely reliable.
However, Monday was a public holiday, and after a
public holiday that falls on a Monday, garbage
throughout the city is supposed to be collected one
day later than usual.
The argument proceeds by
(A) treating several pieces of irrelevant evidence
as though they provide support for the
conclusion
(B) indirectly establishing that one thing is likely
to occur by directly ruling out all of the
alternative possibilities
(C) providing information that allows application
of a general rule to a specific case
(D) generalizing about all actions of a certain kind
on the basis of a description of one such
action
(E) treating something that is probable as though
it were inevitable

【逻辑链】

113. (32778-!-item-!-188;#058&006823) (GWD 17-Q41)

Last year a record number of new manufacturing jobs were created.  Will this year bring another record?  Well, any new manufacturing job is created either within an existing company or by the start-up of a new company.  Within existing firms, new jobs have been created this year at well below last year’s record pace.  At the same time, there is considerable evidence that the number of new companies starting up will be no higher this year than it was last year and surely the new companies starting up this year will create no more jobs per company than did last year’s start-ups.  So clearly, the number of new jobs created this year will fall short of last year’s record.
In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
A. The first is presented as an obvious truth on which the argument is based; the second is a prediction advanced in support of the main conclusion of the argument.
B. The first is presented as an obvious truth on which the argument is based; the second is an objection that the argument rejects.
C. The first is presented as an obvious truth on which the argument is based; the second is the main conclusion of the argument.
D. The first is a generalization that the argument seeks to establish; the second is a claim that has been advanced in support of a position that the argument opposes.
E. The first is a generalization that the argument seeks to establish; the second is a claim that has been advanced in order to challenge that generalization.

114. (29014-!-item-!-188;#058&003730) (GWD 12-Q38)

Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever occur irregularly in East Africa, several years apart.  When outbreaks do occur, they kill thousands of cattle.  A livestock vaccine against the disease exists but is rarely used.  It is too expensive for farmers to use routinely, and since it is not effective until a month after vaccination, administering it after an outbreak begins helps very little.  Nevertheless, experts predict that use of the vaccine will increase significantly within the next few years.
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest justification for the experts’ prediction?
A. Rift Valley fever is spread by mosquitoes, but each outbreak is so widespread that it is impractical to control it by using insecticides.
B. When an outbreak of Rift Valley fever occurs, unaffected countries often refuse to import livestock from the countries affected by the outbreak.
C. It would take less than a month for producers of the vaccine to adjust their production operations to cope with a large increase in demand.
D. Many cattle farmers in East Africa are nomadic or live in remote villages, and such farmers, who have little access to modern veterinary medicine, are particularly hard hit by outbreaks of Rift Valley fever.
E. Recently published research has shown that certain identifiable climatic conditions are almost invariably followed, within two to five months, by an outbreak of Rift Valley fever.

115. (24593-!-item-!-188;#058&001109) (T-3-Q29)

The emission of sulfur dioxide when high-sulfur coal is burned is restricted by law.  New coal-burning plants usually comply with the law by installing expensive equipment to filter sulfur dioxide from their emissions.  These new plants could save money by installing instead less expensive cleaning equipment that chemically removes most sulfur from coal before combustion.
Which of the following, if known, would be most relevant to evaluating the claim above about how new coal-burning plants could save money?
A. Whether existing oil-burning plants are required to filter sulfur dioxide from their emissions
B. Whether the expense of installing the cleaning equipment in a new plant is less than the expense of installing the cleaning equipment in an older plant
C. Whether the process of cleaning the coal is more expensive than the process of filtering the emissions
D. Whether lawful emissions of sulfur dioxide from coal-burning plants are damaging the environment
E. Whether existing plants that use the filtering equipment could replace this equipment with the cleaning equipment and still compete with new plants that install the cleaning equipment

116. (30096-!-item-!-188;#058&005070) (T-9-Q18 different type)

The growing popularity of computer-based activities was widely expected to result in a decline in television viewing, since it had been assumed that people lack sufficient free time to maintain current television-viewing levels while spending increasing amounts of free time on the computer.  That assumption, however, is evidently false: in a recent mail survey concerning media use, a very large majority of respondents who report increasing time spent per week using computers report no change in time spent watching television.
In order to evaluate the argument, it would be most useful to determine which of the following?
A. Whether the survey collected information about the amount of money respondents spent on free-time media use
B. Whether the amount of time spent watching television is declining among people who report that they rarely or never use computers
C. Whether the type of television programs a person watches tends to change as the amount of time spent per week using computers increases
D. Whether a large majority of the computer owners in the survey reported spending increasing amounts of time per week using computers
E. Whether the survey respondents’ reports of time spent using computers included time spent using computers at work

UlysessHope

逻辑链答案：AECE
精练解析：
As usual, we begin by analyzing the structure of the problem:
Premise: Garbage is usually collected here on Wednesdays, and the
garbage collectors in this city are extremely reliable.
Premise: Monday was a public holiday.
Premise: After a public holiday that falls on a Monday, garbage
throughout the city is supposed to be collected one day later
than usual.
Conclusion: Garbage in this neighborhood probably will not be collected
until Thursday this week.
The argument is sound and the conclusion seems reasonable. The language in
the conclusion is not absolute (“probably”), and this is justified since the
language used in the argument—“usually” and “supposed to be”—is also
probabilistic. Knowing that the argument is valid, the question you must ask
yourself is, “How would I describe the structure of this argument?”
Answer choice (A): This answer forces you to make an assessment of the
premises (the “evidence”) as they relate to the conclusion. Are the premises
irrelevant to the conclusion? Clearly not. Therefore, this answer is incorrect.
Answer choice (B): This is a half-right, half-wrong answer. The argument does
establish “that one thing is likely to occur.” But, is this established by ruling out
all of the alternative possibilities? No, to do that would mean presenting
arguments against the garbage being collected on Friday, Saturday, Sunday, etc.
Since this section of the answer choice does not occur, this answer is incorrect.
Also, because the argument does not rule out all the alternatives, the conclusion
is not established “indirectly.”
Answer choice (C): This is the correct answer. Consider each piece of the
argument:
“providing information”—a variety of information about the garbage
situation is provided.
“application of a general rule”—the general rule is that “After a public
holiday that falls on a Monday, garbage throughout the city is supposed
to be collected one day later than usual.”
“to a specific case”—the specific case is the pickup of garbage this week in
this neighborhood.
Given that all elements occurred and the answer presents an accurate
description of the way the author made his or her argument, this answer is
correct. Now, take a moment and compare this answer to the prephrase you
made after reading the stimulus. How similar are the two? Given that you may
not be familiar with the language used by the test makers, the two may not be
very similar. As your preparation continues, you will become more comfortable
with the language and your Method of Reasoning prephrasing will improve.
For example, note the use in this answer of “general rule” to describe the last
sentence of the stimulus. The test makers could also have used a phrase like
“basic principle” to achieve the same result. Your job is to match their language
to what occurred in the stimulus.
Answer choice (D): This answer is an overgeneralization—a situation where
one instance is used to make a broad based conclusion. This is a Reverse
Answer since the stimulus actually uses a general principle and applies it to one
instance. In addition, the language in the answer is far too strong in saying “all
actions of a certain kind” when the language in the stimulus was probabilistic.
Answer choice (E): This is an Exaggerated Answer. The conclusion states that
“Garbage in this neighborhood probably will not be collected until Thursday
this week” and the use of “probably” is a clear and obvious indication that the
author does not think the Thursday garbage pickup is inevitable.

fox0923

谢谢hope拉~~

wuye1990

34秒.逻辑链：前提：周一是公休日，垃圾通常被推迟一天收走。结论：这个地方的垃圾不会堆积，知道星期四。
D 选错啦，选C吧
far too strong in saying “all
actions of a certain kind

113. (32778-!-item-!-188;#058&006823) (GWD 17-Q41)

Last year a record number of new manufacturing jobs were created. Will this year bring another record? Well, any new manufacturing job is created either within an existing company or by the start-up of a new company. Within existing firms, new jobs have been created this year at well below last year’s record pace. At the same time, there is considerable evidence that the number of new companies starting up will be no higher this year than it was last year and surely the new companies starting up this year will create no more jobs per company than did last year’s start-ups. So clearly, the number of new jobs created this year will fall short of last year’s record.
In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
47秒。逻辑链：

前提：新工作的产生来自于两个方面：第一是已有公司创造的新工作，第二是新成立公司带来的新工作。

前提：已有公司创造的工作没有去年多

前提：新成立公司的数量和每个公司创造的工作都不如去年。

结论：今年的新工作数量不如去年多。

A（1’34’’）

44秒

逻辑链：

背景：一种病让大量的牛死亡

前提：农民认为注射疫苗对于他们并不经济适用。因为这种疫苗在一个月之后才起作用

结论：专家认为疫苗使用会在以后几年增加。

求加强专家结论：E （疾病会增加，那么疫苗也会增加）



38秒

前提：政府要求控制二氧化硫排放

前提：一种工厂安装昂贵的技术，过滤不清洁的煤炭中释放的二氧化硫。

结论：这种工厂买一些便宜的煤炭然后过滤的方法可以省钱

求evaluate

C

47秒

前提：业余时间电脑的使用会使人们减少看电视的时间

前提：一项调查显示大多数称电脑使用时间增加的人没有表明看电视的时间减少。

结论：人们在用电脑的同时不会减少业余时间看电视的时间。

求评价。

预测：是否使用电脑时间的增加包括工作时间的使用。

E 1’40’’



47秒

前提：业余时间电脑的使用会使人们减少看电视的时间

前提：一项调查显示大多数称电脑使用时间增加的人没有表明看电视的时间减少。

结论：人们在用电脑的同时不会减少业余时间看电视的时间。

求评价。

预测：是否使用电脑时间的增加包括工作时间的使用。

E 1’40’’





44秒

逻辑链：

背景：一种病让大量的牛死亡

前提：农民认为注射疫苗对于他们并不经济适用。因为这种疫苗在一个月之后才起作用

结论：专家认为疫苗使用会在以后几年增加。

求加强专家结论：E （疾病会增加，那么疫苗也会增加）



38秒

前提：政府要求控制二氧化硫排放

前提：一种工厂安装昂贵的技术，过滤不清洁的煤炭中释放的二氧化硫。

结论：这种工厂买一些便宜的煤炭然后过滤的方法可以省钱

求evaluate

C

47秒

前提：业余时间电脑的使用会使人们减少看电视的时间

前提：一项调查显示大多数称电脑使用时间增加的人没有表明看电视的时间减少。

结论：人们在用电脑的同时不会减少业余时间看电视的时间。

求评价。

预测：是否使用电脑时间的增加包括工作时间的使用。

E 1’40’’



47秒

前提：业余时间电脑的使用会使人们减少看电视的时间

前提：一项调查显示大多数称电脑使用时间增加的人没有表明看电视的时间减少。

结论：人们在用电脑的同时不会减少业余时间看电视的时间。

求评价。

预测：是否使用电脑时间的增加包括工作时间的使用。

E 1’40’’




38秒

前提：政府要求控制二氧化硫排放

前提：一种工厂安装昂贵的技术，过滤不清洁的煤炭中释放的二氧化硫。

结论：这种工厂买一些便宜的煤炭然后过滤的方法可以省钱

求evaluate

C

47秒

前提：业余时间电脑的使用会使人们减少看电视的时间

前提：一项调查显示大多数称电脑使用时间增加的人没有表明看电视的时间减少。

结论：人们在用电脑的同时不会减少业余时间看电视的时间。

求评价。

预测：是否使用电脑时间的增加包括工作时间的使用。

E 1’40’’



47秒

前提：业余时间电脑的使用会使人们减少看电视的时间

前提：一项调查显示大多数称电脑使用时间增加的人没有表明看电视的时间减少。

结论：人们在用电脑的同时不会减少业余时间看电视的时间。

求评价。

预测：是否使用电脑时间的增加包括工作时间的使用。

E 1’40’’

isa0709

逻辑链】
1. Garbage in this neighborhood probably will not be
collected until Thursday this week. Garbage is
usually collected here on Wednesdays, and the
garbage collectors in this city are extremely reliable.
However, Monday was a public holiday, and after a
public holiday that falls on a Monday, garbage
throughout the city is supposed to be collected one
day later than usual.
The argument proceeds by
C



1)    计时：68s
2) 逻辑链Situation
2)    Background Information:
Garbage in this neighborhood probably will not be
collected until Thursday this week. Garbage is
usually collected here on Wednesdays, and the
garbage collectors in this city are extremely reliable.
Premise:
Monday was a public holiday, and after a
public holiday that falls on a Monday,
Conclusion:
garbage throughout the city is supposed to be collected one
day later than usual.
3) 推测
4) 选项分析：选C


113. (32778-!-item-!-188;#058&006823) (GWD 17-Q41)

Last year a record number of new manufacturing jobs were created.  Will this year bring another record?  Well, any new manufacturing job is created either within an existing company or by the start-up of a new company.  Within existing firms, new jobs have been created this year at well below last year’s record pace.  At the same time, there is considerable evidence that the number of new companies starting up this year will be no higher than it was last year and there is no reason to think that the new companies starting up this year will create more jobs per company than did last year’s start-ups.  So clearly, the number of new jobs created this year will fall short of last year’s record.
In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A.    The first provides evidence in support of the main conclusion of the argument; the second is a claim that argument challenges.
B.    The first is a generalization that the argument seeks to establish; the second is a conclusion that the argument draws in order to support that generalization.
C.    The first is a generalization that the argument seeks to establish; the second is a judgment that has been advanced in order to challenge that generalization.
D.    The first is presented as obvious truth on which the argument is based; the second is a claim that has been advanced in support of a position that the argument opposes.
E.    The first is presented as obvious truth on which the argument is based; the second is a judgment advanced in support of the main conclusion of the argument.
e first is presented as an obvious truth on which the argument is based; the second is a prediction ad
1) 计时：66s
2) 逻辑链Situation(刚开始练习先写好完整逻辑链，练习到逻辑链基本清晰的时候尝试尽量简化信息、提炼最精简的逻辑链)：
*完整模式：
Background Information:
Last year a record number of new manufacturing jobs were created.  Will this year bring another record?  Well, any new manufacturing job is created either within an existing company or by the start-up of a new company.
Premise:
Within existing firms, new jobs have been created this year at well below last year’s record pace.  At the same time, there is considerable evidence that the number of new companies starting up this year will be no higher than it was last year and there is no reason to think that the new companies starting up this year will create more jobs per company than did last year’s start-ups.
Conclusion:
So clearly, the number of new jobs created this year will fall short of last year’s record.
3) 推测
4) 选项分析：选E
of the main conclusion of the argument.
B. The first is presented as an obvious truth on which the argument is based; the second is an objection that the argument rejects.
C. The first is presented as an obvious truth on which the argument is based; the second is the main conclusion of the argument.
D. The first is a generalization that the argument seeks to establish; the second is a claim that has been advanced in support of a position that the argument opposes.
E. The first is a generalization that the argument seeks to establish; the second is a claim that has been advanced in order to challenge that generalization.

114. (29014-!-item-!-188;#058&003730) (GWD 12-Q38)

Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever occur irregularly in East Africa, several years apart. When outbreaks do occur, they kill thousands of cattle. A livestock vaccine against the disease exists but is rarely used. It is too expensive for farmers to use routinely, and since it is not effective until a month after vaccination, administering it after an outbreak begins helps very little. Nevertheless, experts predict that use of the vaccine will increase significantly within the next few years.
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest justification for the experts’ prediction?
1) 计时：40s
2) 逻辑链Situation
*完整模式：
Background Information:
Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever occur irregularly in East Africa, several years apart. When outbreaks do occur, they kill thousands of cattle.
Premise:
A livestock vaccine against the disease exists but is rarely used. It is too expensive for farmers to use routinely, and since it is not effective until a month after vaccination, administering it after an outbreak begins helps very little.
Conclusion:
Nevertheless, experts predict that use of the vaccine will increase significantly within the next few years.

3) 推测：某种方法或原因令原来弊端解决。
4) 选项分析：选E
A. Rift Valley fever is spread by mosquitoes, but each outbreak is so widespread that it is impractical to control it by using insecticides.
B. When an outbreak of Rift Valley fever occurs, unaffected countries often refuse to import livestock from the countries affected by the outbreak.
C. It would take less than a month for producers of the vaccine to adjust their production operations to cope with a large increase in demand.
D. Many cattle farmers in East Africa are nomadic or live in remote villages, and such farmers, who have little access to modern veterinary medicine, are particularly hard hit by outbreaks of Rift Valley fever.
E. Recently published research has shown that certain identifiable climatic conditions are almost invariably followed, within two to five months, by an outbreak of Rift Valley fever.

115. (24593-!-item-!-188;#058&001109) (T-3-Q29)

The emission of sulfur dioxide when high-sulfur coal is burned is restricted by law. New coal-burning plants usually comply with the law by installing expensive equipment to filter sulfur dioxide from their emissions. These new plants could save money by installing instead less expensive cleaning equipment that chemically removes most sulfur from coal before combustion.
Which of the following, if known, would be most relevant to evaluating the claim above about how new coal-burning plants could save money?
1) 计时：40s
2) 逻辑链Situation
*完整模式：
Background Information:
The emission of sulfur dioxide when high-sulfur coal is burned is restricted by law.
Premise:
New coal-burning plants usually comply with the law by installing expensive equipment to filter sulfur dioxide from their emissions.
Conclusion:
These new plants could save money by installing instead less expensive cleaning equipment that chemically removes most sulfur from coal before combustion.
3) 推测：某种方法令cleaning equipment达到法律要求
4) 选项分析：1.05 CA. Rift Valley fever is spread by mosquito plants that install the cleaning equipment

116. (30096-!-item-!-188;#058&005070) (T-9-Q18 different type)

The growing popularity of computer-based activities was widely expected to result in a decline in television viewing, since it had been assumed that people lack sufficient free time to maintain current television-viewing levels while spending increasing amounts of free time on the computer. That assumption, however, is evidently false: in a recent mail survey concerning media use, a very large majority of respondents who report increasing time spent per week using computers report no change in time spent watching television.
In order to evaluate the argument, it would be most useful to determine which of the following?
1) 计时：31s
2) 逻辑链Situation
*完整模式：
Premise:
in a recent mail survey concerning media use, a very large majority of respondents who report increasing time spent per week using computers report no change in time spent watching television.
Conclusion: people lack sufficient free time to maintain current television-viewing levels while spending increasing amounts of free time on the computer.这个假设是错的。
3) 推测：
4) 选项分析：E

leewonting

http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-652387-1-1.html
208
背景：Garbage in this neighborhood probably will not be collected until Thursday.
条件：It’s usually collected on Wednesday. And Monday is a holiday.
结论：Garbage throughout the city is supposed to be collected one day later than usual.
推测：How to schedule the collecting day?
C


209
背景： Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever occur irregularly in East Africa. A livestock vaccine against the disease exists but is rarely used.
条件：It’s too expensive and useless after a month.
结论：But scientists state that use of the vaccine will increase significantly within the next few year.
推测：People get rich and can predict when the outbreak occurs.
E


210
背景：The emission of sulfur dioxide when high-sulfur coal is burned is restricted by law.
条件：The new coal-burning plants can choose installing expensive equipment to filter sulfur dioxide from their emission or choose installing equipment that chemically removes most sulfur from coal before combustion
结论：Which installation is cheaper?
推测：how about the removal differs from filtration?
C


211
背景：The growing popularity of computer-based activities was widely expected to result in a decline in television viewing
条件：The time using computer that increases means the time viewing TV decreases.
结论：But a survey shows that though increasing time using computer but no change in time spent watching TV.
推测：focus on the free time
E

GraceZhang510

yangreat

精炼

0：31
完整版：
Background Information: Garbage in this neighborhood probably will not be collected until Thursday this week.
Premise: Garbage is usually collected here on Wednesdays, and the garbage collectors in this city are extremely reliable.
Conclusion: Monday was a public holiday, and after a public holiday that falls on a Monday, garbage throughout the city is supposed to be collected one day later than usual.

精简版：
Garbage is suposed to be collected on Thursday.


113
0:47
完整版：
Background Information： Last year a record number of new manufacturing jobs were created.
Premise: any new manufacturing job is created either within an existing company or by the start-up of a new company. Within existing firms, new jobs have been created this year at well below last year’s record pace. At the same time, there is considerable evidence that the number of new companies starting up will be no higher this year than it was last year and surely the new companies starting up this year will create no more jobs per company than did last year’s start-ups.
Conclusion: the number of new jobs created this year will fall short of last year’s record.

精简版：
The record number of new manufacturing jobs will not get higher than last year.
选A


114
0:48
完整版：
Background Information：Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever occur irregularly in East Africa, several years apart. When outbreaks do occur, they kill thousands of cattle.
Premise: Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever occur irregularly in East Africa, several years apart. When outbreaks do occur, they kill thousands of cattle.A livestock vaccine against the disease exists but is rarely used. It is too expensive for farmers to use routinely, and since it is not effective until a month after vaccination, administering it after an outbreak begins helps very little.
Conclusion: experts predict that use of the vaccine will increase significantly within the next few years.

精简版：
Although the vaccine is not effective until a month after vaccination and is too expansive, experts still predict that use of the vaccine will increase significantly.

选E

115

0:35
完整版：
Background Information：The emission of sulfur dioxide when high-sulfur coal is burned is restricted by law.
Premise:New coal-burning plants usually comply with the law by installing expensive equipment to filter sulfur dioxide from their emissions.
New coal-burning plants usually comply with the law by installing expensive equipment to filter sulfur dioxide from their emissions. These new plants could save money by installing instead less expensive cleaning equipment that chemically removes most sulfur from coal before combustion.

精简版：
Although it is expensive to equip new filter, but companys can save money by installing instead former equipment that chemically removes most sulfur from coal vefore combustion.

选C
116
0:45
完整版：
Background Information：The growing popularity of computer-based activities was widely expected to result in a decline in television viewing, since it had been assumed that people lack sufficient free time to maintain current television-viewing levels while spending increasing amounts of free time on the computer.
Premise:in a recent mail survey concerning media use, a very large majority of respondents who report increasing time spent per week using computers report no change in time spent watching television.
Conclusion: That assumption, however, is evidently false.
精简版：
Free time.

选E

zxppx

1.

Garbage in this neighborhood probably will not be
collected until Thursday this week. Garbage is
usually collected here on Wednesdays, and the
garbage collectors in this city are extremely reliable.
However, Monday was a public holiday, and after a
public holiday that falls on a Monday, garbage
throughout the city is supposed to be collected one
day later than usual.
The argument proceeds by

Method: Your job is to match their language to what occurred in the stimulus.

(A) treating several pieces of irrelevant evidence
as though they provide support for the
conclusion

Actually, these evidences are relevant to each other.
(B) indirectly establishing that one thing is likely
to occur by directly ruling out all of the
alternative possibilities

One alternative possibility is indeed ruled out, but not all alternative possibilities, such as Friday, Saturday, or Sunday.
(C) providing information that allows application
of a general rule to a specific case

Yes, in this case, the public holiday is the general rule, while it is applied to the day that garbage is collected. BA
(D) generalizing about all actions of a certain kind
on the basis of a description of one such
action

In fact, this answer reverses the relationship. Besides, it is too strong.
(E) treating something that is probable as though
it were inevitable

What’s inevitable? Not referred.



113. (32778-!-item-!-188;#058&006823) (GWD 17-Q41)

Last year a record number of new manufacturing jobs were created. Will this year bring another record? Well, any new manufacturing job is created either within an existing company or by the start-up of a new company. Within existing firms, new jobs have been created this year at well below last year’s record pace. At the same time, there is considerable evidence that the number of new companies starting up will be no higher this year than it was last year and surely the new companies starting up this year will create no more jobs per company than did last year’s start-ups. So clearly, the number of new jobs created this year will fall short of last year’s record.
In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?



114. (29014-!-item-!-188;#058&003730) (GWD 12-Q38)
Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever occur irregularly in East Africa, several years apart. When outbreaks do occur, they kill thousands of cattle. A livestock vaccine against the disease exists but is rarely used. It is too expensive for farmers to use routinely, and since it is not effective until a month after vaccination, administering it after an outbreak begins helps very little. Nevertheless, experts predict that use of the vaccine will increase significantly within the next few years.
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest justification for the experts’ prediction?

A. Rift Valley fever is spread by mosquitoes, but each outbreak is so widespread that it is impractical to control it by using insecticides.

In fact, this answer choice rules out another way to control the fever. However, it does not strengthen the experts’ prediction.
B. When an outbreak of Rift Valley fever occurs, unaffected countries often refuse to import livestock from the countries affected by the outbreak.

This answer points out a result of the fever, but why will the use of the vaccine increase significantly within the next few years?
C. It would take less than a month for producers of the vaccine to adjust their production operations to cope with a large increase in demand.

The time to produce vaccine is irrelevant.
D. Many cattle farmers in East Africa are nomadic or live in remote villages, and such farmers, who have little access to modern veterinary medicine, are particularly hard hit by outbreaks of Rift Valley fever.

These people are indeed harmed by the fever, but they cannot afford the expensive vaccine.
E. Recently published research has shown that certain identifiable climatic conditions are almost invariably followed, within two to five months, by an outbreak of Rift Valley fever.

In this case, it points out that it is very important for farmers to use the vaccine, considering an outbreak of Rift Valley fever within two to five months. BA



115. (24593-!-item-!-188;#058&001109) (T-3-Q29)

The emission of sulfur dioxide when high-sulfur coal is burned is restricted by law. New coal-burning plants usually comply with the law by installing expensive equipment to filter sulfur dioxide from their emissions. These new plants could save money by installing instead less expensive cleaning equipment that chemically removes most sulfur from coal before combustion.
Which of the following, if known, would be most relevant to evaluating the claim above about how new coal-burning plants could save money?

A. Whether existing oil-burning plants are required to filter sulfur dioxide from their emissions

Shell Game: oil-burning plants are outside the scope of the argument. Besides, from the first sentence, the emission of sulfur dioxide is restricted by law.
B. Whether the expense of installing the cleaning equipment in a new plant is less than the expense of installing the cleaning equipment in an older plant

The comparison between a new plant and an older plant is irrelevant.
C. Whether the process of cleaning the coal is more expensive than the process of filtering the emissions

Even though the installing expense of cleaning equipment is less than that of filtering equipment, if the process of cleaning the coal is more expensive than the process of filtering the emissions, the cleaning equipment is not better. Otherwise, the cleaning equipment is better. BA
D. Whether lawful emissions of sulfur dioxide from coal-burning plants are damaging the environment

The result of lawful emissions of sulfur dioxide is outside the scope of the argument.
E. Whether existing plants that use the filtering equipment could replace this equipment with the cleaning equipment and still compete with new plants that install the cleaning equipment

Actually, this answer choice has no effect on the argument, since whether existing plants that use the filtering equipment could replace this equipment with the cleaning equipment to compete with plants that install the cleaning equipment cannot demonstrate which equipment is better.



116. (30096-!-item-!-188;#058&005070) (T-9-Q18 different type)
The growing popularity of computer-based activities was widely expected to result in a decline in television viewing, since it had been assumed that people lack sufficient free time to maintain current television-viewing levels while spending increasing amounts of free time on the computer. That assumption, however, is evidently false: in a recent mail survey concerning media use, a very large majority of respondents who report increasing time spent per week using computers report no change in time spent watching television.

两个时间是否一致
In order to evaluate the argument, it would be most useful to determine which of the following?

A. Whether the survey collected information about the amount of money respondents spent on free-time media use

The amount of money spent on free-time media use is irrelevant.
B. Whether the amount of time spent watching television is declining among people who report that they rarely or never use computers

People who report that they rarely or never use computers is minority, and they cannot be representative.
C. Whether the type of television programs a person watches tends to change as the amount of time spent per week using computers increases

The type of television programs is outside the scope of the argument.
D. Whether a large majority of the computer owners in the survey reported spending increasing amounts of time per week using computers

We can know that a large majority of respondents spent increasing amounts of time per week using computers. But whether they are computer owners has no effect on the argument.
E. Whether the survey respondents’ reports of time spent using computers included time spent using computers at work

Since the argument talks about free time, if the respondents spend time to work with computer, then the survey is highly doubtful. BA

deniseya

1.1'28''
A(C)俺发现精炼题目我都会栽跟头……T^T要理清逻辑链在做啊

2.where is the boldface?0?


3.1'55''
E


4.1'34''
C


5.1'05''
E