ChaseDream
搜索
12
返回列表 发新帖
楼主: mahaofei001

[逻辑小分队] 【每日逻辑练习第二季】【2-19】

[复制链接]
发表于 2012-7-19 02:53:28 | 显示全部楼层
4. 第四题终于明白了
C 不对的一个原因就是 text 里面提到了 inflation 几乎没有,是可以忽略这个因素的,所以很明显C就错了

E, 就是说在养老金涨之前由儿女提供生活费,所以涨的养老金等于之前的生活费,生活水平无变化

不过总觉得E这个选项不够严密
发表于 2012-11-12 16:21:30 | 显示全部楼层
补交11.10的作业。。。(低头)


1.    38s
P: Leibniz, the seventeenth-century philosopher, published his version of calculus before Newton did. But then Newton revealed his private notebooks, which showed he had been using these ideas for at least a decade before Leibniz’s publication. Newton also claimed that he had disclosed these ideas to Leibniz in a letter shortly before Leibniz’s publication. Yet close examination of the letter shows that Newton’s few cryptic remarks did not reveal anything important about calculus.
C: Thus, Leibniz and Newton each independently discovered calculus.
Assumption: 想不出来。。。。
(A) Leibniz did not tell anyone about calculus prior to publishing his version of it. ---无关
(B) No third person independently discovered calculus prior to Newton and Leibniz. ---无关
(C) Newton believed that Leibniz was able to learn something important about calculus from his letter to him. ---无关
(D) Neither Newton nor Leibniz knew that the other had developed a version of calculus prior to Leibniz’s publication. ---无关
(E) Neither Newton nor Leibniz learned crucial details about calculus from some third source. ---correct, if yes, they did not discovered C independently, if no, then no.

2.    32s
P: Fearing that the use of titles indicating position in the corporation tends to make the corporate hierarchy rigid by inhibiting communication, some corporations shun the use of executive titles.  A title, however, can facilitate an executive's dealings with external businesses since it encourages outsiders to treat the executive with respect.  
C: The obvious compromise is for these executives to use their titles externally but not within their corporations.
Support: 分开用没有坏处。。。
A. Only small corporations can preserve an atmosphere of mutual respect and high regard without having a rigid corporate hierarchy. ---无关
B. Referring to an executive by using a title can encourage both those outside the organization and inside the organization to treat the executive with respect. ---
C. Even if it is widely known within a corporation that the corporation's executives use executive titles outside their organizations, this knowledge does not by itself inhibit communication within the corporation. ---correct, 取非削弱,如果会阻碍内部的沟通,则这个compromise没有作用
D. A rigid corporate hierarchy can promote efficiency within an organization as well as provide access to the corporation for those outside the organization. ---weaken
E. Although many corporate executives disapprove of rigid hierarchies on the grounds that they inhibit communication, the vast majority of executives have no qualms about using titles both internally and externally. ---无关

3.    37s
Concerned about the financial well-being of its elderly citizens, the government of Runagia decided two years ago to increase by 20 percent the government-provided pension paid to all Runagians over 65.  Inflation in the intervening period has been negligible, and the increase has been duly received by all eligible Runagians.  in large part because __________.
C: Nevertheless, many of them are no better off financially than they were before the increase
Complete: 也许增加的部分不能用到老人常用的项目上
A. they rely entirely on the government pension for their income ---无关
B. Runagian banks are so inefficient that it can take up to three weeks to cash a pension check ---无关
C. they buy goods whose prices tend to rise especially fast in times of inflation ---文中说了inflation negligible, 不能支持结论
D. the pension was increased when the number of elderly Runagians below the poverty level reached an all-time high ---无关
E. in Runagia children typically supplement the income of elderly parents, but only by enough to provide them with a comfortable living ---correct, 提出它因导致情况没有改善

4.    28s
Background: Two years ago, the government of Runagia increased by 20 percent the government-provided pensions paid to Runagians over 65. The aim of the increase was to stimulate the economy in the rural regions of the country, where most pension recipients live.  
Paradox: Statistics, however, show that there has been no increase in economic activity in those regions since then, but that there has been noticeably more spending in the urban areas.
Explain: 这些人都move到城里去了,或者城里才有他们想买的东西
A. Until the pensions were increased, many Runagians over 65 in rural regions had been receiving support from their children who live in urban areas. ---correct, 现在不需要children support了, children钱多,urban spending多了~
B. The pensions were increased when the number of people below the poverty level in rural areas of Runagia reached an all-time high. ---无关
C. City-dwellers in Runagia rarely travel to rural regions of the country. ---无关
D. The Runagian postal system is so inefficient that it can take up to three weeks for pension checks to reach recipients in rural areas. ---无关
E. On average, the pensions were higher in rural than in urban areas before the increase. ---无关

5.    27s
P: When a new restaurant, Martin's Cafe, opened in Riverville last year, many people predicted that business at the Wildflower Inn, Riverville's only other restaurant, would suffer from the competition.  
Paradox: Surprisingly, however, in the year since Martin's Cafe opened, the average number of meals per night served at the Wildflower Inn has increased significantly.
Explain the increase: W用了降价策略吸引了更多顾客。。。或者两家很近,M吸引了很多人导致W的消费者也变多
A. Unlike the Wildflower Inn, Martin's Cafe serves considerably more meals on weekends than it does on weekdays. ---无关
B. Most of the customers of Martin's Cafe had never dined in Riverville before this restaurant opened, and on most days Martin's Cafe attracts more customers than it can seat. ---correct, 吸引了不能接纳的客人到R,不能去M就只能去W了。。。
C. The profit per meal is higher, on average, for meals served at Martin's Cafe than for those served at the Wildflower Inn. ---无关
D. The Wildflower Inn is not open on Sundays, and therefore Riverville residents who choose to dine out on that day must either eat at Martin's Cafe or go to neighboring towns to eat. ---不能解释increase
E. A significant proportion of the staff at Martin's Cafe are people who formerly worked at the Wildflower Inn and were hired away by the owner of Martin's Cafe. ---无关
发表于 2012-11-12 16:21:44 | 显示全部楼层
终于5道都对了一次~~
发表于 2013-1-24 16:28:32 | 显示全部楼层


6.

Historian: Leibniz, the seventeenth-century
philosopher, published his version of calculus
before Newton did. But then Newton revealed
his private notebooks, which showed he had
been using these ideas for at least a decade
before Leibniz’s publication. Newton also
claimed that he had disclosed these ideas to
Leibniz in a letter shortly before Leibniz’s
publication. Yet close examination of the letter
shows that Newton’s few cryptic remarks did
not reveal anything important about calculus.
Thus, Leibniz and Newton
each independently
discovered calculus.


想想为什么要举这个例子!文章中的转折词,注意选项和原文的联系。逻辑是需要有载体的,此问题的载体就是anything important about calculus,因为作者也是通过它来进行推理的!我需要做的就是把这个逻辑再运用到更广泛的范围. 在假设题中,要善于运用“取非”的方法!

Which one of the following is an assumption
required by the historian’s argument?
(A) Leibniz did not tell anyone about calculus
prior to publishing his version of it.
(B) No third person independently discovered
calculus prior to Newton and Leibniz.
(C) Newton believed that Leibniz was able to learn
something important about calculus from his
letter to him.
(D) Neither Newton nor Leibniz knew that the other
had developed a version of calculus prior to
Leibniz’s publication.
即使我已经知道你发明了一个公式,但是如果你没有告诉我具体信息,我自己还是可以独立发明出来的。所以,即使“取非”也不能削弱结论

(E) Neither Newton nor Leibniz learned crucial
details
about calculus from some third
source.
这和文中的例子联系很紧密,通过“信件中没有关于公式的重要信息就排除了L是从N那里学来的”,所以应用这条逻辑思路,也就可以得出结论了!



85. (23981-!-item-!-188;#058&000656)
Fearing that the use of titles indicating position in the corporation tends to make the corporate hierarchy rigid by inhibiting communication, some corporations shun the use of executive titles. A title, however, can facilitate an executive's dealings with external businesses since it encourages outsiders to treat the executive with respect. The obvious compromise is for these executives to use their titles externally but not within their corporations.
Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the compromise suggested above?
A. Only small corporations can preserve an atmosphere of mutual respect and high regard without having a rigid corporate hierarchy.

Small corporations’ situation reveals that middle and large corporation should use a rigid corporate hierarchy, but does not tell whether insider or outsider, or both.
B. Referring to an executive by using a title can encourage both those outside the organization and inside the organization to treat the executive with respect.

The answer choice weakens the argument by showing that even inside the organization using a title is good.
C. Even if it is widely known within a corporation that the corporation's executives use executive titles outside their organizations, this knowledge does not by itself inhibit communication within the corporation.

Yes, in this case, it reveals that using titles externally but not within corporations is beneficial. BA
D. A rigid corporate hierarchy can promote efficiency within an organization as well as provide access to the corporation for those outside the organization.

Promoting efficiency is outside the scope of the argument.
E. Although many corporate executives disapprove of rigid hierarchies on the grounds that they inhibit communication, the vast majority of executives have no qualms about using titles both internally and externally.

The same to B

86. (24835-!-item-!-188;#058&001244)
Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
Concerned about the financial well-being of its elderly citizens, the government of Runagia decided two years ago to increase by 20 percent the government-provided pension paid to all Runagians over 65. Inflation in the intervening period has been negligible, and the increase has been duly received by all eligible Runagians. Nevertheless, many of them are no better off
注意是没有提高,而不是恶化financially than they were before the increase, in large part because __________.
A. they rely entirely on the government pension for their income

So their well-being should be improved.
B. Runagian banks are so inefficient that it can take up to three weeks to cash a pension check

Compared to two years, three weeks are too short. Besides, the argument has revealed that the increase has been duly received by all eligible Rugnagians.
C. they buy goods whose prices tend to rise especially fast in times of inflation

In the argument, we can know that inflation in the intervening period has been negligible.
D. the pension was increased when the number of elderly Runagians below the poverty level reached an all-time high

So their well-being should be improved, too.
E. in Runagia children typically supplement the income of elderly parents, but only by enough to provide them with a comfortable living

If their children reduced money given to them, elderly citizens cannot get a better well-being live, even the government gives them 20 percent more pensions. BA

87. (31284-!-item-!-188;#058&005747)
Two years ago, the government of Runagia increased by 20 percent the government-provided pensions paid to Runagians over 65. The aim of the increase was to stimulate the economy in the rural regions of the country, where most pension recipients live. Statistics, however, show that there has been no increase in economic activity in those regions since then, but that there has been noticeably more spending in the urban areas.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the increase resulted in the unintended state of affairs described?
A. Until the pensions were increased, many Runagians over 65 in rural regions had been receiving support from their children who live in urban areas.

Since children in urban areas can save more money and give less money to their parents, they can spend it in urban. BA
B. The pensions were increased when the number of people below the poverty level in rural areas of Runagia reached an all-time high.

When the pensions were increased is irrelevant.
C. City-dwellers in Runagia rarely travel to rural regions of the country.

The answer choice can tell us nothing about the discrepancy above.
D. The Runagian postal system is so inefficient that it can take up to three weeks for pension checks to reach recipients in rural areas.

Compared with 2 years, 3 weeks are too short.
E. On average, the pensions were higher in rural than in urban areas before the increase.
Actually, this answer choice makes the argument more contradictory.


88. (24173-!-item-!-188;#058&000719)
When a new restaurant, Martin's Cafe, opened in Riverville last year, many people predicted that business at the Wildflower Inn, Riverville's only other restaurant, would suffer from the competition. Surprisingly, however, in the year since Martin's Cafe opened, the average number of meals per night served at the Wildflower Inn has increased significantly.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the increase?
A. Unlike the Wildflower Inn, Martin's Cafe serves considerably more meals on weekends than it does on weekdays.

The weekends or the weekdays are irrelevant.
B. Most of the customers of Martin's Cafe had never dined in Riverville before this restaurant opened, and on most days Martin's Cafe attracts more customers than it can seat.

Because M has so many customers that it cannot accommodate, W can share some of them. BA
C. The profit per meal is higher, on average, for meals served at Martin's Cafe than for those served at the Wildflower Inn.


The profit per meal is outside the scope of the argument, which talks about the average number of meals per night.
D. The Wildflower Inn is not open on Sundays, and therefore Riverville residents who choose to dine out on that day must either eat at Martin's Cafe or go to neighboring towns to eat.

In this case, it is hard for M to increase the average number of meals per night.
E. A significant proportion of the staff at Martin's Cafe are people who formerly worked at the Wildflower Inn and were hired away by the owner of Martin's Cafe.

The staff is irrelevant to the average number of meals per night.
发表于 2013-8-16 15:50:32 | 显示全部楼层
8/16/13
2-19
91 39’’
After Leibniz published his Calculus treatise, Newton asserted that Leibniz stole his idea through a letter to him from Newton. However, the researchers found that letter and revealed that no meaningful contents were included. Consequently, Leibniz invent the Calculus independently.
Assumption: Leibniz did not steal Newton’s idea through other approach.
A negate this choice, we find that though Leibniz told other person, the conclusion still holds
B provides a possibility, but not an assumption
C irrelevant
D can help strengthen the conclusion, but we do not need D to be an assumption.
E bingo, negating E can directly weaken the conclusion.
92 45’’
The use of titles can help external communication but does not promote internal communication, so the compromise is that let executives use their titles only in external environment.
Strengthen: other things equal, the company using compromise approach has the highest communication efficiency (C).
93 28’’
To improve the financial well-being of elderly citizens, the government provide elder people with increased pensions. No inflated rates and all the pensions have been received by the older people. However, surveys shows that the financial status of elderly citizens in this country does not change.
Explain why: the younger generation decreased the financial support to their parents (E).
94 24’’
Same background information, and in this problem, the consuming in rural areas do not increase, but the consumption in municipal areas increases a lot.
Explain why: elder person moved to the city areas or they used to consume in rural areas, but now they prefer to buy goods in the downtown (A).
95 19’’
When Martin’s Café opened up two years ago, people predicted that the competitor, Wildflower Inn would face sluggish business. However, now people find both of the two restaurants has excellent business.
Explain why: Martin’s Café attract a lot of potential customers to this area (B).
发表于 2013-9-14 15:24:51 | 显示全部楼层
8'42
ECDAC
发表于 2013-11-21 18:35:39 | 显示全部楼层
1. 1'52
2. 1'23
3. 1'37 做错了。现在是这样理解的:
R的老人已经可以由孩子承担的到舒适的生活了。多的钱并不能让他们过的更好。
D:养老金增长时,在贫困线以下的老人达到了空前高的水平。那么增加的养老金应该会让他们过的更好,与题目不符。
4. 2'09 也错了... 理解:
A:知道养老金增长前,R地65岁以上的人从他们住在城里的孩子那里得到赡养。
如果孩子们不用给赡养费的话,就有更多钱在城里消费。
…好弱的解释…
5. 1'29
今天错了两道题都是后来回顾一下就找到逻辑了。是不是说明pace还可以在慢一点,选择的时候再谨慎一点。
发表于 2013-12-9 00:38:42 | 显示全部楼层
12.9
【精练】1’02
Premise: L and N both claimed those ideas
Conclusion:  Leibniz and Newton each independently discovered calculus.
Assumption –(断桥) E

【逻辑链】
1.        some corporations shun the use of executive titlesFearing that the use of titles indicating position in the corporation tends to make the corporate hierarchy rigid by inhibiting communication
support—C
2.         increase by 20 percent the government-provided pension paid to all Runagians over 65no better off financially than they were before
E
3.        there has been no increase in economic activity in those regions since then
  Help to explain—A
4.        the average number of meals per night served at the Wildflower Inn has increased significantly.
Help to explain—B

发表于 2014-5-8 07:54:32 | 显示全部楼层
精练 2’13‘’
background:L 在牛顿之前出版算式,在L出版之前,牛顿在他的笔记中记录他在L 之前发现的算式并且有意将算式透露给L
premise:仔细研究后牛顿的这本神秘笔记本并没有记录有关算式的重要信息
conclusion: L 和牛顿是各自独立计算出来的
Q:assumption
prephrase:  文章的假设是他们两个之间没有关于算式的联系--->他们各自完成
补GAP:没有明显的GAP
eliminator: 否定一个他们两个可能有联系的因素
(A) Leibniz did not tell anyone about calculus
prior to publishing his version of it.----- irrelevant; 这里答案解释看的不是很明白,感觉没有提及双方
(B) No third person independently discovered
calculus prior to Newton and Leibniz.------irrelevant,第三个人是否独立发现,与这两人是否独立发现没有关系,因为有可能三个人都是独立发现的
(C) Newton believed that Leibniz was able to learn
something important about calculus from his
letter to him.------ 文章已经说了牛顿没有告诉L,尝试反驳前提
(D) Neither Newton nor Leibniz knew that the other
had developed a version of calculus prior to
Leibniz’s publication.-----irrelevant,他们是否知道有第三方在L之前无关,文章讨论的是牛顿给L 的信,将该选项取非,即使他们知道有第三个人在L初版之前存在,也不能证明从N给L的信中表示他们不独立工作,不能削弱结论
(E) Neither Newton nor Leibniz learned crucial
details about calculus from some third
source.--------CORRECT,将该项取非,如果他们同时是学第三个人的那么他们两之间就有联系,有联系说明不是独立的,因此可以削弱结论, eliminator
发表于 2020-7-1 23:03:02 | 显示全部楼层
P:调查信件中N的一些标志没有解释任何重要的算式
C:L和N都是独立解开算式的
Assumption:private notebook呢?N抄L?
D)correct。N和L都不知道对方有发明一个算式。(x)原文已经说了fact是N写信给L过,所以这个假设不存在
E)L和N没有第三方渠道学习。➡️说明他们是独立学习的

P:使用title让组织架构很死板限制交流,但对外有title容易得到尊重
C:妥协办法是对外展现职位,对内不用
Support
C)即使大家都知道领导对外的头衔,也不会影响内部沟通

政府两年前提高了20%大的养老金,通膨忽略不计,增长的养老金都有收到,但是老人没有比增长前的经济状态好,why?
E)小孩只提供给老人足够他们生活的钱。Correct 养老金提高了,小孩给的钱就少了

政府养老金增加是为了刺激乡村地区的经济,但是乡村经济活动没有增加,反而城市活动增加了。
Gap:养老金增加和城市经济活动的关系
A)        在增长之前,农村的老人从城市孩子那里拿钱。Correct 现在城市孩子不用给钱就有钱消费了

去年新开了一家店M,以为唯一的餐厅W会受影响。但自从M开张后,W每晚服务的餐点数量显著提高。
Support gap:M和W餐点数量提高的关系?
B)        大部分M的顾客没有在外面吃饭过,大多数时候M位置不够。Correct 新顾客会到W去吃

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

Mark一下! 看一下! 顶楼主! 感谢分享! 快速回复:

手机版|ChaseDream|GMT+8, 2024-3-29 05:38
京公网安备11010202008513号 京ICP证101109号 京ICP备12012021号

ChaseDream 论坛

© 2003-2023 ChaseDream.com. All Rights Reserved.

返回顶部