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发表于 2013-1-24 13:24:33
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5.
Publicity campaigns for endangered species are unlikely to have much impact on the most important environmental problems, for while the ease of attributing feelings to large mammals facilitates evoking sympathy for them, it is more difficult to elicit sympathy for other kinds of organisms, such as the soil microorganisms on which large ecosystems and agriculture depend.
The conclusion is that publicity campaigns for endangered species are unlikely to have much impact on the most important environmental problems.
遇到这种修饰结构很多的，一定要看仔细！在文中找出相对应的成分
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A)The most important environmental problems involve endangered species other than large
mammals.
“Other than large mammals” do not tell us what should be included in them.
实际上,other than large mammals是指文中不能够引起人们同情的生物！而且注意该选项和结论的吻合程度很高！
(B)Microorganisms cannot experience pain or have other feelings.
This answer choice has no effect on the argument.
(C)Publicity campaigns for the environment are the most effective when they elicit sympathy for some organism.
It is already been attacked in the argument.
文中说的是publicity campaigns for endangered species， Shell Game
(D)People ignore environmental problems unless they believe the problems will affect creatures with which they sympathize.
What can make people not to ignore environmental problems is irrelevant.
(E)An organism can be environmentally significant only if it affects large ecosystems or agriculture.
Yes, in this case, it points out the logic leap why publicity campaigns have not much impact on the most important environmental problems. BA
对于large ecosystems or agriculture的影响，只是文中提到的例子，并不是包含了所有范围
81.(24344-!-item-!-188;#058&000867)
In Arumville, among those young children with elevated levels of lead in their blood, few live in houses containing lead-based paint, but many live in areas where vehicular traffic is heavy. These children's elevated blood-lead levels probably result from lead added to gasoline, since, although gasoline sold in and around Arumville has been lead-free since 1990, lead from vehicle exhaust remains in the soil for many years.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. Sales of lead-based paint for use in homes was banned in Arumville in 1977.
It may reveal that lead from the lead-based paint is not the reason, but it cannot strengthen the conclusion.
B. Vehicle traffic in most residential areas of Arumville is heavier today than it was twenty years ago.
Actually, this answer choice weakens the argument, since there were no so much vehicle traffic that produced lead in the past.
C. Some lead in the soil comes from deteriorating lead-based paint on the exteriors of buildings.
The answer choice weakens the argument by showing that another cause may contribute the result.
D. In Arumville, children's blood-lead levels typically rise during the warm summer months when children frequently play outdoors but not in the winter when children spend more time indoors.
Yes, in this case, it points out the difference between seasons, thus strengthening the argument.
E. If improperly carried out, the removal of lead-based paint from older houses can significantly increase the risk that children living in such houses will ingest lead dust.
It still weakens the argument by introducing another cause.
82.(33511-!-item-!-188;#058&007598)
Technological improvements and reduced equipment costs have made converting solar energy directly into electricity far more cost-efficient in the last decade. However, the threshold of economic viability for solar power (that is, the price per barrel to which oil would have to rise in order for new solar power plants to be more economical than new oil-fired power plants) is unchanged at thirty-five dollars.
Which of the following, if true, does most to help explain why the increased cost-efficiency of solar power has not decreased its threshold of economic viability?
A. The cost of oil has fallen dramatically.
Actually, it is a Shell Game. The argument talks about the price of oil, while the answer is related to the cost of oil.
B. The reduction in the cost of solar-power equipment has occurred despite increased raw material costs for that equipment.
The argument has already told us the reduction.
C. Technological changes have increased the efficiency of oil-fired power plants.
Bingo! Since the efficiency of oil-fired power plants increase, the threshold cannot reduce.
D. Most electricity is generated by coal-fired or nuclear, rather than oil-fired, power plants.
Cola-fire or unclear is outside the scope of the argument.
E. When the price of oil increases, reserves of oil not previously worth exploiting become economically viable.
Reserves of oil are irrelevant.
83.(25338-!-item-!-188;#058&001294)
Many people suffer an allergic reaction to sulfites, including those that are commonly added to wine as preservatives. However, since there are several winemakers producing wine to which no sulfites are added, those who would like to drink wine but are allergic to sulfites can drink these wines without risking an allergic reaction to sulfites.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A. Sulfites occur naturally in most wine.
It seems to be a contender. But if only a few sulfites that cannot trigger allergic reactions in most wine, the answer choice cannot weaken the argument.
如果sulfites能够自然产生，而非人工添加的话，那么这些酒还是有问题的
B. The sulfites that can produce an allergic reaction are also commonly found in beverages other than wine.
Beverages are outside the scope of the argument.
C. Wines without added sulfites tend to be at least moderately expensive.
Moderately expensive price cannot weaken the argument, since people would still like to purchase these wines.
D. Apart from sulfites, there are other substances commonly present in wine that can trigger allergic reactions.
Yes, in this case, it points out other factors can trigger allergic reactions, thus weakening the argument. BA
文中讨论的是对于sulfites的过敏症，而和其他可以引起过敏的物质无关，比如不是引起同一种过敏症
E. Wine without added sulfites sometimes becomes undrinkable even before the wine is sold to consumers.
These wines are not representative.
84.(26216-!-item-!-188;#058&001794)
The general availability of high-quality electronic scanners and color printers for computers has made the counterfeiting of checks much easier. In order to deter such counterfeiting, several banks plan to issue to their corporate customers checks that contain dots too small to be accurately duplicated by any electronic scanner currently available; when such checks are scanned and printed, the dots seem to blend together in such a way that the word “VOID” appears on the check.
A questionable assumption of the plan is that
A. in the territory served by the banks the proportion of counterfeit checks that are made using electronic scanners has remained approximately constant over the past few years
Since the advantage of the dots, the old counterfeit checks can be easily checked.
B. most counterfeiters who use electronic scanners counterfeit checks only for relatively large amounts of money
The purpose of most counterfeiters is irrelevant.
C. the smallest dots on the proposed checks cannot be distinguished visually except under strong magnification
It still reveals the superiority of the plan.
D. most corporations served by these banks will not have to pay more for the new checks than for traditional checks
Yes, in this case, it questions the availability of the plan. BA
我把 not看掉了，实际上这个选项是支持plan的
E. the size of the smallest dots that generally available electronic scanners are able to reproduce accurately will not decrease significantly in the near future
It strengthens the plan, rather weakens.
因为它们的大小在将来不会减少（即该技术不会再进步），所以就提供给了造假者充足的时间来研究，从而提高造假技术！
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