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1.嵌入式关系从句
“有一种关系分句（即定语从句），它既是先行项的后置修饰语（即定语），同时又是另外一个分句结构的宾语（即宾语从句）”此分句结构就被嵌入在定语从句中，即嵌入式关系分句。
举例：In his breast-pocket he had a patch of scarlet, which i suppose was the paper cap serving as a handkerchief.
注意两点：1）从句which was the paper cap serving as a handkerchief 首先是 patch of scarlet的定语从句。
2）从句which（patch of scarlet） was the paper cap serving as a handkerchief 也是i suppose 的宾语从句，即I suppose （that）the patch of scarlet was the paper cap serving as a handkerchief 。
综上所述，但一个定语从句同时是另一个主谓结构的宾语从句是，就可以写为嵌入式关系分句。
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-417488-1-1.html?userid=451636
og 118
2.体会句子逻辑意思的稍微区别
A. P is caused byhuman beingsin burning fossil fuels
P是人类（燃烧化石燃料）产生
B. P is caused by fossil fuelsburned by human beings
P是由化石燃料（被人类燃烧）产生
C. P is caused byhuman beings’ burning of fossil fuels
P是由人类的燃烧化石 产生
og118
2.在杨鹏长难句中经常看到一种倒装
比如 bring to 5 the numbers of apples
但如果在gmat sc 划线部分出现这种要谨慎
og120
3.代词和其先行词（pronoun and its antecedent）不要相隔太远
og原话 the palcement of they so far from the position of the antecedent sales makes the sentence awkward and difficult to decode
og121
4.遇到长划线句子千万要注意修饰语，副词的位置，句子结构关系不要轻易变化，很容易产生逻辑意思的变化，句子重心改变
5.if···then structure
manhattan chapter 7
if then 的结构并不仅仅适用于假设性虚拟语气，也同样适合于其他的时态语态
1）表示确定
if present ,then present=whenever
2)表示不确定
if present,then can or may
3)表示确定，用于将来时态
if present/present perfect,then future
4)不确定——将来时态
if hypothetical subjunctive ,then conditional
5)从未发生
if past perfect,then conditional perfect
the helping verbswouldand should should never in the if part of the sentence
所以当的是未来状况的预测，可以是
X will happen if Y happens
也可以说
X would happen if Y happened
og 122
6.timber wolf density没有the density of timber wolf 好
在manhattan 11 too short pattern 1的注释中解释到
1)当前面的名词是 时间period 数量quantity或者计量性质的词的时候一定要用of结构
Moreover, you should not collapse certain Of prepositional phrases into Noun-Adjectives.
Whenever you have a time period, quantity or other measurement as the first word, keep
the prepositional phrase with of
og 121
7.og指出a comma is insuffi cient to join two independent clauses into a single sentence.
即经常碰到的run on sentence 用逗号来连接两个独立的句子
og 123
8.if you have a sentence that says "compared to/with" (or similar constructions, including "in comparison to", "as compared to/with", etc.), then the sentence CANNOT also use a comparison word, such as more, less, greater, prefer, better, worse, X times as much, etc.
to use "compared to/with", you just STATE statistics, without using any other comparison word.
examples:
this year's unemployment rate of 12% is three times as great compared to the rate in 1994 --> incorrect (redundant)
the correct way to write it:
this year's unemployment rate is 12%, compared to 4% in 1994
i.e., you just come out and SAY the statistics, and then give "compared to".
来自ron的解释，很精辟
og123
9.关于noun modifier
this sort of modifier -- an initial modifier that begins with an adjective -- should fulfill the following two requirements:
(1) the adjective should refer to the subject that follows the comma;
(2) the description in the modifier should have some sort of easily understandable relationship to whatever is described in the following clause
for instance:
Fresh from the tree, the mangoes were difficult to eat because they were not yet ripe.
--> requirement (1): "fresh (from the tree)" describes the mangoes.
--> requirement (2): the fact that the mangoes were fresh from the tree is directly related to the fact that they were not yet ripe enough to eat.
og123
10.关于being的用法
if "being" expresses IDENTITY or CHARACTERISTICS, then kill it.
otherwise, evaluate it on the same merits as you would any other verb.
og101,og123
11.a doubling of apples的正确与否
baby姐姐的归纳
associated with a doubling of the concentration of carbon dioxide
Greenworks Philadelphia projects adoubling of this numberas workers are employed in areas such as weatherization, green infrastructureand other ...
expressed as that which would result from adoubling of atmosphericCO2
（这里atmosphericCO2其实是指atmospheric CO2的浓度）
“Moore'sLaw, which has defined a doubling of price/performance/value produced bysemi-conductors every 12 to 18 months since 1966, will continue to deliver ...
…..
我想说，归纳一下, “a doublingof” 后面跟什么样的词？
数量(number,amount, quantity…)，价值，一些物理量(如concentration, pressure, force…)
之所以有人归纳说“GMAT里面 a doubling of 永远错”，是因为GMAT经常会错误地在 “a doubling of” 后面跟具体名词诸如apples, students——这用法就是错的。
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-644021-1-1.html
12.persuade sb in doing sth X
persuade that sth X
persuade sb to do sth 正确
og127
13做到后面，就发现跳跃指代的问题，说白了，还是按逻辑意思来
特摘抄下语法斑竹的总结
1. 主题： that/,which 哪些情况下跳跃指代（跳跃修饰）
2. 范例：请围绕以下范例进行讨论，全部选自OG 12 SC Sample Questions 的正确答案
2.1 （4题）Of all the vast tides of immigration that have swept through history ......
2.2 （26题）Emily Dickinson's letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning ...... and ending ......
2.3 （65题）the Army Crops of Engineers proposed building parallel to shore a breakwater of rocks that would rise ...... and act as ......
2.4 （106题）Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could ......
2.5 （107题）Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-indeced X-ray emission, which can ......
2.6 （111题）Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater ......
2.7 （126题）The use of lie detectors is based on the assumption that lying produces emotional reactions in an individual that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses.
that/which根据逻辑含义跳跃指代.
1.当前面是同格，不需要区分是修饰前面的名词还是后面的名词，比如the four of us，比如a technique called proton-indeced X-ray emission,那么that/which修饰前后两个名词完全是没有区别。
2.两个词，一个是核心词，一个是修饰部分的名词，that/which修饰两者都可以，关键是你要表达一个什么意思，另外修饰前面的名词时，不能跳得太远（通常不超过往前数第三个名词），要不就和代词一样--指代不清。
用lzls...nake的句子打个比方：
1. Of all the vast tides of imgration that have swept through history ......
句子想表达的含义是那个移民潮横扫历史，因此that修饰的就是tides
2. Emily Dickinson's letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning ...... and ending ......
句子想表达的是信是什么时候写的，因此which修饰的就是letters
3. Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began
句子想表达的是Roman Colosseum的正式称呼，因此which修饰的是Roman Colosseum，为什么要加上which was是因为过去分词短语总是修饰前面短语的核心词，而这里Construction of the Roman Colosseum的核心词是Construction，而只有定语从句才有可跳可不跳的功能，所以就用定从而不用同位语。
4.the Army Crops of Engineers proposed building parallel to shore a breakwater of rocks that would rise ...... and act as ......
that修饰a breakwater of rocks中的breakwater，因为that would rise是breakwater的一个整体性功能，rocks没有组成breakwater的话没有这个功能。A of B中的of在此表示“原材料”或者“特征、性质”，核心词在前。
5.Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-indeced X-ray emission, which can ......
前面是同格，不需要区分是修饰前面的名词还是后面的名词
6. The use of lie detectors is based on the assumption that lying produces emotional reactions in an anduvidual that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses.
能create unconscious physiological responses的只有emotional reactions，不可能是individual，单复数也不一致。
7.Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could ......
可以做某事的只有tool，而不是conversation,逻辑含义上也是想表达该工具的功能，而不是private conversation的功能，所以that could修饰tool。
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-575584-1-1.html |
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楼主
如何保留contender要考虑下，比如绝对错的打两个叉？回视所有选项是造成超时的重要原因啊。
发表于 2012-2-22 22:03:35
发表于 2012-2-23 08:13:55