【每日逻辑练习第二季】【2-16】

corneliaflower

热烈庆祝小分队回归，撒花~

【精练】

3. The current pattern of human consumption of
resources, in which we rely on nonrenewable
resources, for example metal ore, must eventually
change. Since there is only so much metal ore
available, ultimately we must either do without or
turn to renewable resources to take its place.
Which one of the following is an assumption
required by the argument?
(A) There are renewable resource replacements for
all of the nonrenewable resources currently
being consumed.
(B) We cannot indefinitely replace exhausted
nonrenewable resources with other
nonrenewable resources.
(C) A renewable resource cannot be exhausted by
human consumption.
(D) Consumption of nonrenewable resources will
not continue to increase in the near future.
(E) Ultimately we cannot do without nonrenewable
resources.

【逻辑链】

73. (25075-!-item-!-188;#058&001412)
Most of Western music since the Renaissance has been based on a seven-note scale known as the diatonic scale, but when did the scale originate?  A fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite has four holes, which are spaced in exactly the right way for playing the third through sixth notes of a diatonic scale.  The entire flute must surely have had more holes, and the flute was made from a bone that was long enough for these additional holes to have allowed a complete diatonic scale to be played.  Therefore, the Neanderthals who made the flute probably used a diatonic musical scale.
In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
A. The first introduces evidence to support the main conclusion of the argument; the second is the main conclusion stated in the argument.
B. The first introduces evidence to support the main conclusion of the argument; the second presents a position to which the argument is opposed.
C. The first describes a discovery as undermining the position against which the argument as a whole is directed; the second states the main conclusion of the argument.
D. The first introduces the phenomenon that the argument as a whole seeks to explain; the second presents a position to which the argument is opposed.
E. The first introduces the phenomenon that the argument as a whole seeks to explain; the second gives a reason to rule out one possible explanation.
74. (29534-!-item-!-188;#058&004138)
In a certain wildlife park, park rangers are able to track the movements of many rhinoceroses because those animals wear radio collars.  When, as often happens, a collar slips off, it is put back on.  utting a collar on a rhinoceros involves immobilizing the animal by shooting it with a tranquilizer dart.  Female rhinoceroses that have been frequently recollared have significantly lower fertility rates than uncollared females.  robably, therefore, some substance in the tranquilizer inhibits fertility.
In evaluating the argument, it would be most useful to determine which of the following?
A. Whether there are more collared female rhinoceroses than uncollared female rhinoceroses in the park
B. How the tranquilizer that is used for immobilizing rhinoceroses differs, if at all, from tranquilizers used in working with other large mammals
C. How often park rangers need to use tranquilizer darts to immobilize rhinoceroses for reasons other than attaching radio collars
D. Whether male rhinoceroses in the wildlife park lose their collars any more often than the park’s female rhinoceroses do
E. Whether radio collars are the only practical means that park rangers have for tracking the movements of rhinoceroses in the park
75. (33198-!-item-!-188;#058&007254)
In the year following an eight-cent increase in the federal tax on a pack of cigarettes, sales of cigarettes fell ten percent.  In contrast, in the year prior to the tax increase, sales had fallen one percent.  The volume of cigarette sales is therefore strongly related to the after-tax price of a pack of cigarettes.  
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument above?
A. During the second year after the tax increase, cigarette sales increased by a significant amount.
B. The information available to consumers on the health risks of smoking remained largely unchanged in the period before and after the tax increase.
C. Most consumers were unaware that the tax on cigarettes was going to increase.
D. During the year following the cigarette tax increase, many consumers had less income, in inflation-adjusted dollars, than they had had in the previous year.
E. During the year after the tax increase, there was a greater variety of cigarettes on the market than there had been during the previous year.
76. (28782-!-item-!-188;#058&003417)
Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
According to experts on shopping behavior, more shoppers would shop at Jerrod’s department store if they were offered the convenience of shopping carts.  In fact, even if the amount spent by these additional customers only just covered the cost of providing the carts, providing carts would still probably increase Jerrod’s profits, since _______.
A. the layout of Jerrod’s is open enough to accommodate shopping carts comfortably
B. several department stores that compete with Jerrod’s have begun to make shopping carts available to their customers
C. there are some potential customers who would not be enticed to shop at Jerrod’s by the availability of shopping carts
D. stores that make shopping carts available to customers usually have to hire people to retrieve them from parking areas
E. a customer with a shopping cart buys more, on average, than a customer without a cart

corneliaflower

KEY: ACBE

bible精解

Question #3. Assumption. October 2001 LSAT, Section 1, #18. The correct answer choice is (B)
The structure of the argument is as follows:
Premise: There is only so much metal ore available.
Subconclusion/ Ultimately we must either do without or turn to renewable resources to take its
Premise: place.
Conclusion: The current pattern of human consumption of resources, in which we rely on
nonrenewable resources, for example metal ore, must eventually change.
At first glance the argument does not seem to have any holes. This would suggest a Defender answer is
coming, and indeed that is the case.
Answer choice (A): The author does not need to assume this statement because the stimulus specifically
indicates that “we must either do without or turn to renewable resources.” Since doing without is an option,
the author is not assuming there are renewable replacements for all nonrenewable resources currently
being consumed.
Answer choice (B): This is the correct answer. This answer defends the conclusion that the consumption
pattern must change by indicating that it would not be possible to simply replace one nonrenewable
resource with another nonrenewable resource. If this answer did not make sense at first glance, you should
have noted the negative language and then negated the answer. Using the Assumption Negation
Technique, the following would clearly attack the conclusion: “We can indefinitely replace exhausted
nonrenewable resources with other nonrenewable resources.” If the nonrenewable resources can be
indefinitely replaced, why do we need to change our consumption habits?
Answer choice (C): The author’s argument concerns changing current consumption habits. Although the
author does suggest turning to renewable resources, this alone would represent a change. The author does
not make a long-term assumption that renewable resources can never be depleted. When faced with the
negation of the answer choice, the author would likely reply: “If that eventuality does occur, then perhaps
we will have to do without. In the meantime, we still need to change our consumption habits.” As you can
see, the negation has not undermined the author’s position, and so this answer is incorrect.
Answer choice (D): The author does not make statements or assumptions about actual consumption
patterns in the near future, only statements regarding what must eventually occur.
Answer choice (E): This answer, when rephrased to eliminate the double negative, reads as “Ultimately
we must have nonrenewable resources.” Because this answer hurts the argument, the answer is incorrect.

qiuhua01234567

The current pattern of human consumption of
resources, in which we rely on nonrenewable
resources, for example metal ore, must eventually
change.

Since there is only so much metal ore
available,

ultimately we must either do without or
turn to renewable resources to take its place.
(A) There are renewable resource replacements for
all of the nonrenewable resources currently
being consumed.
(B) We cannot indefinitely replace exhausted
nonrenewable resources with other
nonrenewable resources.
(C) A renewable resource cannot be exhausted by
human consumption.
(D) Consumption of nonrenewable resources will
not continue to increase in the near future.
(E) Ultimately we cannot do without nonrenewable
resources.

Conclusion：the Neanderthals who made the flute probably used a diatonic musical scale

Premise： The entire flute must surely have had more holes, and the flute was made from a bone that was long enough for these additional holes to have allowed a complete diatonic scale to be played.













Evalution：

Conclusion：some substance in the tranquilizer inhibits fertility

Premise：

A.Whether there are more collared female rhinoceroses than uncollared female rhinoceroses in the park
B. How the tranquilizer that is used for immobilizing rhinoceroses differs, if at all, from tranquilizers used in working with other large mammals
C. How often park rangers need to use tranquilizer darts to immobilize rhinoceroses for reasons other than attaching radio collars
D. Whether male rhinoceroses in the wildlife park lose their collars any more often than the park’s female rhinoceroses do
E. Whether radio collars are the only practical means that park rangers have for tracking the movements of rhinoceroses in the park

Conclusion：The volume of cigarette sales is therefore strongly related to the after-tax price of a pack of cigarettes

Premise：In the year following an eight-cent increase in the federal tax on a pack of cigarettes, sales of cigarettes fell ten percent.  In contrast, in the year prior to the tax increase, sales had fallen one percent

A. During the second year after the tax increase, cigarette sales increased by a significant amount.
B. The information available to consumers on the health risks of smoking remained largely unchanged in the period before and after the tax increase.
C. Most consumers were unaware that the tax on cigarettes was going to increase.
D. During the year following the cigarette tax increase, many consumers had less income, in inflation-adjusted dollars, than they had had in the previous year.
E. During the year after the tax increase, there was a greater variety of cigarettes on the market than there had been during the previous year.

A. the layout of Jerrod’s is open enough to accommodate shopping carts comfortably
B. several department stores that compete with Jerrod’s have begun to make shopping carts available to their customers
C. there are some potential customers who would not be enticed to shop at Jerrod’s by the availability of shopping carts
D. stores that make shopping carts available to customers usually have to hire people to retrieve them from parking areas
E. a customer with a shopping cart buys more, on average, than a customer without a cart

fox0923

BIBLE----------------------20s---------------------------assumption

Premise: Current human consumption heavily relies on nonrenewable resource-metal ore. We must change such dependence on such resource.
Conclusion: So we have to either change it to renewable resource or consume without it.
Prephrase: There's no other replacement instead of renewable resource.

Analysis:

(A) There are renewable resource replacements for
all of the nonrenewable resources currently
being consumed.-----------------------------------------------In this case, why human still look for the replacement for metal ore.
(B) We cannot indefinitely replace exhausted
nonrenewable resources with other
nonrenewable resources.-------------------------------------yeah. the issue is whether the sources can be renewed or not.
(C) A renewable resource cannot be exhausted by
human consumption.------------------------------------------the argument is not about the exhaustion of resources.
(D) Consumption of nonrenewable resources will
not continue to increase in the near future.---------------the consumption will continue or not is not the issue here.
(E) Ultimately we cannot do without nonrenewable
resources.-------------------------------------------------------restate the conclusion doesn't make sense.

myancamel

premise：我们不是到时候没得用，就是改成用别的
conclusion：这个模式必须改变

prephrase：
supporter：倒是没得用，和用别的都是接受不了的

eliminator：

(A) There are renewable resource replacements for
all of the nonrenewable resources currently
being consumed.

(B) We cannot indefinitely replace exhausted
nonrenewable resources with other
nonrenewable resources.
B
(C) A renewable resource cannot be exhausted by
human consumption.
方向错误
(D) Consumption of nonrenewable resources will
not continue to increase in the near future.
out of scope
(E) Ultimately we cannot do without nonrenewable
resources.
out of scope

corneliaflower

发现了~ 谢谢qiuhua提醒  

资料上也没有标明   那这道题就算过了吧？？嘻。

evamimi

P:The current pattern of human consumption ofresources, in which we rely on nonrenewableresources, for example metal ore, must eventuallychange
P: there is only so much metal oreavailable
C:we must either do without orturn to renewable resources to take its place
Prephase: Human use nonrenewable resources, like ore---No so much ore---??---Must do without it or find a renewable

Type:Assumption

Answer: C

好吧我把结论完全搞错了，结论是must change the consumption,这样看来C中说可再生资源用不完跟就有点不相干了

sherryli

74. (29534-!-item-!-188;#058&004138)
In a certain wildlife park, park rangers are able to track the movements of many rhinoceroses because those animals wear radio collars.  When, as often happens, a collar slips off, it is put back on.  utting a collar on a rhinoceros involves immobilizing the animal by shooting it with a tranquilizer dart.  Female rhinoceroses that have been frequently recollared have significantly lower fertility rates than uncollared females.  robably, therefore, some substance in the tranquilizer inhibits fertility.
In evaluating the argument, it would be most useful to determine which of the following?
A. Whether there are more collared female rhinoceroses than uncollared female rhinoceroses in the park
B. How the tranquilizer that is used for immobilizing rhinoceroses differs, if at all, from tranquilizers used in working with other large mammals
C. How often park rangers need to use tranquilizer darts to immobilize rhinoceroses for reasons other than attaching radio collars
D. Whether male rhinoceroses in the wildlife park lose their collars any more often than the park’s female rhinoceroses do
E. Whether radio collars are the only practical means that park rangers have for tracking the movements of rhinoceroses in the park
 为什么选C呢？
我看来看去怎么都觉得C 不对，有人可以帮忙解答一下吗

corneliaflower

74. (29534-!-item-!-188;#058&004138)
In a certain wildlife park, park rangers are able to track the movements of many rhinoceroses because those animals wear radio collars.  When, as often happens, a collar slips off, it is put back on.  utting a collar on a rhinoceros involves immobilizing the animal by shooting it with a tranquilizer dart.  Female rhinoceroses that have been frequently recollared have significantly lower fertility rates than uncollared females.  robably, therefore, some substance in the tranquilizer inhibits fertility.
In evaluating the argument, it would be most useful to determine which of the following?
A. Whether there are more collared female rhinoceroses than uncollared female rhinoceroses in the park
B. How the tranquilizer that is used for immobilizing rhinoceroses differs, if at all, from tranquilizers used in working with other large mammals
C. How often park rangers need to use tranquilizer darts to immobilize rhinoceroses for reasons other than attaching radio collars
D. Whether male rhinoceroses in the wildlife park lose their collars any more often than the park’s female rhinoceroses do
E. Whether radio collars are the only practical means that park rangers have for tracking the movements of rhinoceroses in the park
 为什么选C呢？
我看来看去怎么都觉得C 不对，有人可以帮忙解答一下吗

-- by 会员 sherryli (2012/5/21 19:29:45)

帮忙翻译下：park ranger能够追踪到犀牛的行踪是因为这些犀牛戴着radio collar，但是呢，这个radio collar经常会掉下来，所以就需要经常再把它们给放回去。然而，要想放回这个radio collar,就需要给这些犀牛注射镇定剂。那些经常需要被重新放回radio collar的雌性犀牛跟其他的（没有被安装radio collar）雌性犀牛相比，表现出更低的生育能力。所以，作者得出结论是：镇定剂阻止了生育力。

你再看看C明白了不？

mengyizheng

现象：香烟税上升8%销量下降10%，税涨之前销量下降1%
结论：税后价影响香烟的销量。
加强
A. During the second year after the tax increase, cigarette sales increased by a significant amount.
税后第二年，销量又涨了，并不是价格影响，无关
B. The information available to consumers on the health risks of smoking remained largely unchanged in the period before and after the tax increase.
无他因，不是因为大家对吸烟有害健康的看法引起的
C. Most consumers were unaware that the tax on cigarettes was going to increase.
否定前提，那讨论价格有什么意义呢
D. During the year following the cigarette tax increase, many consumers had less income, in inflation-adjusted dollars, than they had had in the previous year.
消费者收入减少，所以价格会影响销量啊，对价格敏感，怎么不对？

BD如何判断啊。。。