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下面是我的直译,直译就是不管多么晦涩都死活翻出来个中文版本以便消化,刚翻完,头巨大,看看还是不太明白,究竟作者想传达什么信息,这些信息的逻辑关联是哪样的? 怎么能够理解透彻?请路过的同学帮忙看下,我的直译虽然看着不见得很顺,但是确定是力求翻的准确,希望可以作为你透彻理解本文的台阶,并希望您能留下您的宝贵思路,谢谢!
英国恐怖文学
Having con?rmed that there was a Gothic craze during the 1790s, we can now ask, further, why did it happen? Once again literary history provides us with a piece of received wisdom:the Gothic explosion was collateral damage from the French Revolution. The most famous version of this opinion comes from the Marquis de Sade, who argued that the Gothic novels of Radcliffe and Lewis were “the necessary fruits of the revolutionary tremors felt by the whole of Europe.”3 According to Sade’s view, the bloody horrors of the revolution pushed novelists to new extremes of imaginary violence, as they strove to compete with the shocking reality. William Hazlitt’s way of putting matters strikes me as more balanced. Radcliffe’s romances “derived part of their interest, no doubt, from the supposed tottering state of all old structures at the time.”4 Equating the Gothic with the French Revolution was a contemporary, rather than a retrospective phenomenon, as we can see from the currency of the smearingpun “the terrorist system of novel writing” employed by reviewers during the latter half of the 1790s (Clery, Rise of Supernatural Fiction, pp. 147–48). The reviewers knew full well that Gothic terror derived from the Burkean cult of the sublime, as the Dissenting critic Anna Laetitia Aikin famously explained in her essay, “On the Pleasure Derived from Objects of Terror.” The recourse to the sublime adopted by Radcliffe and her school was partly a desire to exploit contemporary aesthetic fashions and partly an attempt to pitch their work toward the high end of the literary market, for sublimity and terror were associated with tragedy and epic, the two most prestigious literary forms – a strategy that would later pay off handsomely for William Wordsworth. By linking Burke’s terror with Robespierre’s in the limited case of romances by women writers, critics stripped the Gothic of its high literary pretensions, implicitly accusing its authors of being social incendiaries, while ?guring them as literary sansculottes: in other words, as a semiliterate mob. One needs to be careful about overstating the case. The adjective “terrorist” smeared, but it also condescended by making “terror” writers the object of a risible pun. The smear worked, not because writers of “hobgoblin romance” were dangerous, but because they palpably were not. 为什么1970年代的哥特狂潮会发生? 又一次文学历史给我们提供了一些被认为标准的智慧: 哥特爆发是法国大革命的附带损害.这个观点最著名的版本来自MS, 他指出R和L的哥特小说是”整个欧洲感觉到的革命震动的必要的产物”
3根据MS的观点,革命的血腥恐怖促使小说家到达暴力想象的新的极端, 如同他们努力与可怕的现实竞争.
WH的解释的方式让我更平衡.R的冒险故事“无疑他们部分的兴趣来自假定的那时的所有老式结构的动摇地国家”.
4把哥特和法国大革命等同起来是同时期的, 而不是怀旧的现象,如同我们可以从毁谤性的双关语的流通看出来“新奇著作的恐怖主义机制”被评论者使用,在1790年代后半期(某人的超自然小说).
评论者完全非常了解哥特恐怖小说来自B式的崇高狂热崇拜, 如同持异议的批评家ALA在她论文中著名的解释, “从恐怖的对象所产生的快感.”
R和她的学校采纳的崇高的依赖是部分的一种为了开发当代美学模式的渴望, 和部分的一种尝试定位他们的作品于文学市场的高端, 因为崇高和恐怖文学和悲剧及史诗有关,两个最有名望的文学形式---一种策略既稍后会漂亮的回报给WW.
通过连接B的恐怖小说和R的恐怖小说在女性作家的有限的浪漫剧本中,评论家剥去恐怖文学其高端文学的借口,含蓄的指责它的作者是社会煽动者,然而把他们塑造成文学激进革命家:换句话说,作为一个半文盲的暴徒。人们需要当心夸大这样的情况。
被抹上“恐怖主义者”这个形容词,但是依然屈尊于使恐怖小说家成为可笑的双关语的对象。毁谤有效的,不是因为“妖魔鬼怪的浪漫”是危险的,而是因为他们可察觉的不是(危险的)。
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