【每日逻辑练习第二季】【2-6】

srafcatt

知识补充：judgement：an opinion formed by judging something; 判断
argument： a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true;争论
assessment：the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth评估
justification：something (such as a fact or circumstance) that shows an action to be reasonable or necessary;辩解
position：a way of regarding situations or topics etc.;态度
development：act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining;发展
consideration：information that should be kept in mind when making a decision;考虑因素
generalization：the process of formulating general concepts by abstracting common properties of instances概括

jinyueyue

3.
BG:一个关于MBTE工人的survey
PRE：引发headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
          MBTE要被大量使用
CON: 发病率会大大增加
可能方向：跟发病率无关 我选择：B
29.
BG:捕鱼公司在所有船上装警报器
PRE:警报器能把h吓走
CON：h不会被渔网缠住而窒息
可能方向：取反削弱 目的达不到 我选择：B
30.
BG：一个公司要开设“虚拟办公室”
PRE：员工一切工作都通过电脑完成
CON：可以达到节省总成本的目的
可能方向：说其缺陷 我选择 E
31.
BG死亡以前五天开始显现砷中毒症状
PRE：骨骼检验发现P的砷含量并不致命 属正常含量
可能方向：弥补GAP 说明为何含量正常 我选择D 正解：C
分析：即使一天天变重也解释不了骨头里的含量 所以问题在于砷中毒这个原因本身，如果不是这个原因，那么骨头里没有就能说得清了。

jinyueyue

知识补充：judgement：an opinion formed by judging something; 判断
argument： a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true;争论
assessment：the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth评估
justification：something (such as a fact or circumstance) that shows an action to be reasonable or necessary;辩解
position：a way of regarding situations or topics etc.;态度
development：act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining;发展
consideration：information that should be kept in mind when making a decision;考虑因素
generalization：the process of formulating general concepts by abstracting common properties of instances概括

-- by 会员 srafcatt (2012/10/24 17:39:15)

不错 thx for sharing~

zxppx

3. Toxicologist: A survey of oil-refinery workers who
work with MBTE, an ingredient currently used
in some smog-reducing gasolines, found an
alarming incidence of complaints about
headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
Since gasoline containing MBTE will soon be
widely used, we can expect an increased
incidence of headaches, fatigue, and shortness
of breath.

The logic chain of the argument is that since oil-refinery workers who work with MBTE are suffered with headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath, if gasoline containing MBTE is widely used, the incidence of headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath will increase. In Strengthen X question, we need to find the right answer that weakens the argument or has no effect on it.
Each of the following, if true, strengthens the
toxicologist’s argument EXCEPT:

(A) Most oil-refinery workers who do not work with
MBTE do not have serious health problems
involving headaches, fatigue, and shortness
of breath.

This answer choice strengthens the argument by showing that when the cause is absent, the effect does not occur.
(B) Headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath are
among the symptoms of several medical
conditions that are potentially serious threats
to public health.

Even though this answer is related to the factors in the conclusion, it has no effect on the conclusion, which is irrelevant to the public health. BA
(C) Since the time when gasoline containing
MBTE was first introduced in a few
metropolitan areas, those areas reported an
increase in the number of complaints about
headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath.

This answer strengthens the argument by showing that when the cause happens, the effect follows it.
(D) Regions in which only gasoline containing
MBTE is used have a much greater incidence
of headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath
than do similar regions in which only MBTEfree

gasoline is used.

The answer choice strengthens the argument by showing that the data used to make the conclusion is valid, and by comparing that scenario to regions in which the cause is absent.
(E) The oil-refinery workers surveyed were
carefully selected to be representative of the
broader population in their medical histories
prior to exposure to MBTE, as well as in
other relevant respects.

The answer choice strengthens the argument by demonstrating that the data used to make the conclusion is valid.



29. (30663-!-item-!-188;#058&005676)
To prevent harbor porpoises from getting tangled in its nets and suffocating, a fishing company installed acoustic alarms on all its boats that fish in waters off Massachusetts. The sound emitted temporarily disorients the porpoises and frightens them away. Since the installation of the alarms, the average number of porpoises caught in the company's nets has dropped from eight to one per month. The alarms, therefore, are saving the lives of harbor porpoises in those waters.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

(A) The use of acoustic alarms increases the number of commercial fish caught by the fishing company's boats.

The increase in the number of commercial fish is irrelevant, these fish do not include harbor porpoises; otherwise, it would weaken the argument.
(B) When disoriented, harbor porpoises are not significantly more likely to be killed by other boats.

In this case, it accurately points out a hole in the logic chain, thus making the argument much more valid. BA
(C) Environmentalists advocate the use of acoustic alarms as a means of protecting the harbor porpoise population.

Environmentalists are irrelevant.
(D) The alarms were installed at the time of year when harbor porpoises are most plentiful in the Massachusetts waters.

Even though it is not the time that harbor porpoises are most plentiful in the Massachusetts waters, the alarms may still protect the harbor porpoises from killing.
(E) The cost of installing acoustic alarms on fishing boats is less than the cost of repairing nets damaged by harbor porpoises.

The comparison of the costs is outside the scope of the argument.



30. (31171-!-item-!-188;#058&006066)
An advertising agency must leave its office building. To save overhead costs, it is considering setting up a "virtual office" instead of moving to an adjacent office building. Employees will do their work on computers, as they do now, but will do so at home, sharing their work with colleagues by communicating text and designs to colleagues' computers through telephone lines, receiving typed comments, and then revising the work until it is satisfactory.
Which of the following, if true, indicates a disadvantage of the virtual office plan?

(A) The agency can move its computers and associated equipment into employees' homes without purchasing any new equipment or requiring employees to purchase such equipment.

This answer choice strengthens the argument by showing that the cost of the plan can be reduced.
(B) To reach the current office building and return home, employees spend an average of one and a half hours per day commuting, usually in heavy traffic.

The answer strengthens the argument by showing that with this proposal, employees can save a lot of time.
(C) The employees of the advertising agency are accustomed to autonomy in monitoring their own progress and productivity.

The answer choice strengthens the argument by showing the autonomy of the employees that they can monitor their own progress and productivity.
(D) Employees would be able to adapt quickly to using computers in a virtual office setting, since employees' current use of computers to produce designs requires a high level of skill.

This strengthens the argument.
(E) Expressions and gestures in face-to-face exchanges are an important aid to employees in gauging the viability of new ideas they have proposed.

In this case, it points out a disadvantage of the virtual office plan, thus weakening the argument. BA



31. (31265-!-item-!-188;#058&006121)
The symptoms that United States President Zachary Taylor began showing five days before his death are consistent with arsenic poisoning. Recent examination of Taylor's bones, however, revealed levels of arsenic comparable to those found in the bones of Taylor's contemporaries. These levels are much lower than the levels of arsenic that remain in the bones of arsenic poisoning victims who live for more than a day after ingesting a lethal dose of the poison.
Which of the following is most strongly supported by the statements given?

(A) The symptoms that Taylor began showing five days before his death are consistent with poisoning other than arsenic poisoning.

Actually, this is opposite to the first sentence in the argument.
(B) Taylor's death was not the result of any kind of poisoning.

We cannot rule out the probability that other kinds of poisoning may cause Taylor’s death.
(C) The symptoms that Taylor began showing five days before his death were not caused by a lethal dose of arsenic.

Yes, if one person who has a lethal dose of arsenic lives more than a day, the level of arsenic that remain in the bones will be much higher than that of Taylor. BA
(D) The symptoms that Taylor began showing five days before his death grew more severe each day.

We do not know how the development of the symptoms was.
(E) It is unusual for a person who has ingested a lethal dose of arsenic to survive for more than a day.

So it may lead us to answer C, which shows that the symptoms of Taylor five days before his death were not caused by a lethal dose of arsenic.

pennyz

1:55s
support except
b
premise: mtb is used recently in a workplace
        and worker suffer from headache..
conclusion: spread of mtb
          more people complain about headache...
prephrase: maybe there are some other reason cause the syptoms
1:33s
assumption
b
background; fish were tangled in the net
premise: fishing company install alarm to get the fish away
conclusion:save the fish's life
rephrase: only this company kill the fish
1:42s
weaken
e
ways: let employee to work at home
1:16s
conclusion
b
premise:substance found in the T's bones is lower than the common poison death
2:13s
d
不知道怎么做黑脸题啊。。。。

Elisha728

7'59''
BBEC
where is the bold face of last question??

lyrsilvia

1. 23’
P: alarming incidence of oil-refinery workers who work with MBTE complaints about headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
C: Since gasoline containing MBTE will soon be widely used, we can expect an increased incidence of headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
STRENGTHEN EXCEPT: the alarming incidence of different disease is not caused by gasoline
答案：B
(A) Most oil-refinery workers who do not work with MBTE do not have serious health problems involving headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath.-------------support that MBTE is the cause
(B) Headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath are among the symptoms of several medical conditions that are potentially serious threats to public health.------------CORRECT. whether these symptoms are threats to public or not does not matter. irrelevant means not support
(C) Since the time when gasoline containing MBTE was first introduced in a few metropolitan areas, those areas reported an increase in the number of complaints about headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath.-------------support that the MBTE is the cause
(D) Regions in which only gasoline containing MBTE is used have a much greater incidence of headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath than do similar regions in which only MBTE free gasoline is used.-----------------support.
(E) The oil-refinery workers surveyed were carefully selected to be representative of the broader population in their medical histories prior to exposure to MBTE, as well as in other relevant respects.-------------------means the sample is representative.

2. 37'
P: Since the installation of the alarms, the average number of porpoises caught in the company's nets has dropped from eight to one per month
C: The alarms, therefore, are saving the lives of harbor porpoises in those waters.
ASSUMPTION: catch fewer=save more
答案：B
(A) The use of acoustic alarms increases the number of commercial fish caught by the fishing company's boats.-----------fish caught is not matter
(B) When disoriented, harbor porpoises are not significantly more likely to be killed by other boats.-------------CORRECT. if disoriented porpoises are more likely to be killed by other boats, then catch fewer≠save more
(C) Environmentalists advocate the use of acoustic alarms as a means of protecting the harbor porpoise population.------------what environmentalists advocate does not affect the plan
(D) The alarms were installed at the time of year when harbor porpoises are most plentiful in the Massachusetts waters.--------------when the alarms were installed does not affect the plan
(E) The cost of installing acoustic alarms on fishing boats is less than the cost of repairing nets damaged by harbor porpoises.------------the question does not discuss the cost.

3. 21'
P: Employees will do their work on computers, as they do now, but will do so at home
C: save overhead costs
DISADVANTAGE: without face-to-face work, it will hurt the working efficiency?
答案：E
(A) The agency can move its computers and associated equipment into employees' homes without purchasing any new equipment or requiring employees to purchase such equipment.-------advantage
(B) To reach the current office building and return home, employees spend an average of one and a half hours per day commuting, usually in heavy traffic.----------advantage
(C) The employees of the advertising agency are accustomed to autonomy in monitoring their own progress and productivity.---------------advantage
(D) Employees would be able to adapt quickly to using computers in a virtual office setting, since employees' current use of computers to produce designs requires a high level of skill.---------advantage
(E) Expressions and gestures in face-to-face exchanges are an important aid to employees in gauging the viability of new ideas they have proposed.--------------CORRECT.this one is easier

4. 30'
P: The symptoms that United States President Zachary Taylor began showing five days before his death are consistent with arsenic poisoning.arsenic levels in the bones of T's contemporaries are much lower than the levels of arsenic that remain in the bones of arsenic poisoning victims who live for more than a day after ingesting a lethal dose of the poison.
SUPPORTED BY THE GIVEN STATEMENTS: T's death is not due to the poison
答案：C
(A) The symptoms that Taylor began showing five days before his death are consistent with poisoning other than arsenic poisoning.-------------no information about other poisoning, thus not justified
(B) Taylor's death was not the result of any kind of poisoning.-----------other kind of poisoning is unknown
(C) The symptoms that Taylor began showing five days before his death were not caused by a lethal dose of arsenic.----------CORRECT. clearly states the imply meaning of the question.
(D) The symptoms that Taylor began showing five days before his death grew more severe each day.-----------no information support these more sever situation
(E) It is unusual for a person who has ingested a lethal dose of arsenic to survive for more than a day.----------whether it is unusual or not does not matter. the difference lies in the levels

5. 40'
P: temperatures near the ocean floor would have changed very little
C: the cold probably did cause the population declines, though indirectly
NO BOLDFACE
easy one, just omit it.

jessie92730

【offer大冒险】2-6
精练
BG: workers who work with MBTE found incidence of complaints about headaches…
P: MBTE will soon be widely use
C: incidence of headaches… will increase
哪像不加强
猜测答案：其他原因导致headaches而不是MBTE
答案：B 无关项 既不加强也不削弱

逻辑链
1.        BG: install alarm to frighten the porpoises away
P: the number of porpoises been caught has dropped from eight to one per month
C: the alarm are saving the lives of porpoises
假设
猜测答案：被alarm走的海豚并没有受到伤害以至于最后死亡
答案：B

2.        BG: an advertising agency must leave its office building
P: setting up a virtual office and do work at home
C: save overhead costs
削弱
猜测答案：这样做成本会更高
答案：E

3.        BG：ZT began showing symptoms before 5 days his death with arsenic poisoning
P: recent examination found the level of arsenic is lower than the level in the victims who live for more than a day after ingesting a lethal dose
C: ?
被支持
猜测答案：ZT不是因为a lethal dose of arsenic 致死
答案：C

4.        。。。看不到BF ><!!

stellagee

P1: Workers working with MBTE get some kinds of diseases.
P2: The gasoline with MBTE will be widely used.
C: some kinds of diseases will increase.
Strengthen
Guess: Workers away from the gasoline will be fine.
B
2.BG：Fishing company installed alarms to avoid catching porpoises.
The sound is useful to disorient P.
P:   Since the installation of the alarms, the average number of porpoises caught in the company's nets has dropped.
C: The alarms are useful.
Assumption
Guess: the number of P is constant.
(B) When disoriented, harbor porpoises are not significantly more likely to be killed by other boats. 当被迷惑时，P（没有）更容易被其他船捕获—削弱了The alarms, therefore, are saving the lives of harbor porpoises in those waters.

3.B：An advertising agency is considering setting up a "virtual office" instead of moving to an adjacent office building.
P：Employees will do their work on computers, as they do now, but will do so at home, sharing their work with colleagues by communicating text and designs to colleagues' computers through telephone lines, receiving typed comments, and then revising the work until it is satisfactory. 好处多多
C：to save overhead cost
Q：a disadvantage of the virtual office plan?
(E) Expressions and gestures in face-to-face exchanges are an important aid to employees in gauging the viability of new ideas they have proposed.

w.melhere

1. 1'43
2. 1'37
3. 1'25
4. 这个错了...逻辑很简单....为什么选错呢...
5. 1'57
现在觉得很多题都是见过了的了。是不是该准备CR的二轮复习了呢...