【每日逻辑练习第二季】【2-6】

baseboss

1.MBTE will cause disease
presume:
(A) Most oil-refinery workers who do not work with
MBTE do not have serious health problems
involving headaches, fatigue, and shortness
of breath.
-->support
(B) Headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath are
among the symptoms of several medical
conditions that are potentially serious threats
to public health.
-->irrelevant correct
(C) Since the time when gasoline containing
MBTE was first introduced in a few
metropolitan areas, those areas reported an
increase in the number of complaints about
headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
-->support
(D) Regions in which only gasoline containing
MBTE is used have a much greater incidence
of headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath
than do similar regions in which only MBTEfree
gasoline is used.
-->support
(E) The oil-refinery workers surveyed were
carefully selected to be representative of the
broader population in their medical histories
prior to exposure to MBTE, as well as in
other relevant respects.
-->support

2The system is reach the purpose.
presume:
There is no any root cause make the Harbor population reduce.
(A) The use of acoustic alarms increases the number of commercial fish caught by the fishing company's boats.
-->irrelevant
(B) When disoriented, harbor porpoises are not significantly more likely to be killed by other boats.
-->correct
(C) Environmentalists advocate the use of acoustic alarms as a means of protecting the harbor porpoise population.
-->irrelevant
(D) The alarms were installed at the time of year when harbor porpoises are most plentiful in the Massachusetts waters.
-->irrelevant
(E) The cost of installing acoustic alarms on fishing boats is less than the cost of repairing nets damaged by harbor porpoises.
-->irrelevant

3
Little dose of poison leads to the death of Taylor.
Some poison has been out of his body.
(A) The symptoms that Taylor began showing five days before his death are consistent with poisoning other than arsenic poisoning.
-->irrelevant
(B) Taylor's death was not the result of any kind of poisoning.
-->irrelevant
(C) The symptoms that Taylor began showing five days before his death were not caused by a lethal dose of arsenic.
-->correct
(D) The symptoms that Taylor began showing five days before his death grew more severe each day.
-->irrelevant
(E) It is unusual for a person who has ingested a lethal dose of arsenic to survive for more than a day.
-->irrelevant

4
presume:
efficient problem and team work communication.
(A) The agency can move its computers and associated equipment into employees' homes without purchasing any new equipment or requiring employees to purchase such equipment.
-->irrelevant
(B) To reach the current office building and return home, employees spend an average of one and a half hours per day commuting, usually in heavy traffic.
-->irrelevant
(C) The employees of the advertising agency are accustomed to autonomy in monitoring their own progress and productivity.
-->irrelevant
(D) Employees would be able to adapt quickly to using computers in a virtual office setting, since employees' current use of computers to produce designs requires a high level of skill.
-->irrelevant
(E) Expressions and gestures in face-to-face exchanges are an important aid to employees in gauging the viability of new ideas they have proposed.
-->correct

5 没发现黑体啊 肿么办啊

jetyxo

1  30" background: people work with MBTE claim about headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
          premise: the gasoline containing MBTE are widely used
          conclusion: the incidence of these kind of illness will increase
       support Except?  A B C D support   the answer: E  ---> the sample is biase
       没看完E选项，想当然地认为了...
---------------------------------------------------
2 45"  background: ship equipped with alarm to avoid P be tangled on the nets
          premise: after ships installing alarms, the number of   be hampered is reduce
          conclusion: the alarm is taking effect
     assumption: there is no other reason leads to the reduce
       answer:B
--------------------------------------------------
3 27" background: in order to save rental cost, company leader ask employees to work at home and communicate by telphone
       the disadvantage? E
-------------------------------------------------------
4 30" background: the symptoms began showing 5 day before  death
                             the level is lower than that of another victim who dead  1 day after injection
        infer?  C-
------------------------------------------------------

jiajiajudy

每天练才能活啊5555555

1.Each of the following, if true, strengthens the toxicologist’s argument EXCEPT:
(A) yes
(B) Headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath are among the symptoms of several medical conditions that are potentially serious threats to public health. -----------------  irrelevant
(C)yes
(D) yes
(E) yes
2.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) irrelevant
(B) irrelevant
(C) Environmentalists advocate the use of acoustic alarms as a means of protecting the harbor porpoise population. ---------- support
(D) irrelevant
(E) irrelevant
3. Which of the following, if true, indicates a disadvantage of the virtual office plan?
Prephrase: leak the info, or can communicate face to face
(A) support
(B) irrelevant
(C) irrelevant
(D) support
(E) Expressions and gestures in face-to-face exchanges are an important aid to employees in gauging the viability of new ideas they have proposed.------------- as the infer
4.Which of the following is most strongly supported by the statements given?
(A) The symptoms that Taylor began showing five days before his death are consistent with poisoning other than arsenic poisoning.
(B) irrelevant
(C) not lethal does 就更不会是五天了
(D) irrelevant
(E) irrelevant
5. no boldface

jiajiajudy

assumption一直不是很明白，终于有点醒悟了！第二题是defender，就是要排除让海豚减少的可能性，这样disorient alarm 的作用才真正体现

Donts

1.计时27''premise: workers work with M found complaint of illness.
conclusion:since gasoline with M increased, the illness will increase.
推测：无关或削弱。抱恙和M无关。
(A) Most oil-refinery workers who do not work with MBTE do not have serious health problems
involving headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath.加强
(B) Headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath are among the symptoms of several medical conditions that are potentially serious threats to public health.无关
(C) Since the time when gasoline containing MBTE was first introduced in a few metropolitan areas, those areas reported an increase in the number of complaints about headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath.加强
(D) Regions in which only gasoline containing MBTE is used have a much greater incidence of headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath than do similar regions in which only MBTE free gasoline is used.加强
(E) The oil-refinery workers surveyed were carefully selected to be representative of the broader population in their medical histories prior to exposure to MBTE, as well as in other relevant respects.加强

选择B
2.计时40''
premise: the sound emitted by the company can frighten the P away.
conclusion: the method can help save lives of P.
推测：这些不会对P产生致命危险。
选择B
3.计时40''
plan:do works on computers.
goal:to save the cost and leave its office building.
选择E
4.计时25''
选择E
订正4.C
MUST BE TRUE QUESTION：the answer must be found in the statement.E may be the right inference, but it's not appeared in the statement.

wanggang0411

28
Premise: A survey about the MITE which causes the incidence of headache.
Conclusion: More incidence of headache will be met.
Exception question: I will only address two possible weakening method here.
The first one, an annswer chioce which weakens the validity of the poll will be an correct answer.
The poll cited by author is too vague to be informative.
The poll cited by author does not indicate who conducted the survey, who responded and where, when or how the survey conducted.
Focusing on this case, it is impossible to assess the validity of the poll, since the argument lacks the information about the number of people surveyed and the number of respondents. So, if 200 people were surveyed but only 2 people responded, the servey would be highly suspected.
Therefore, until all these quesions about the survey have been answered, the results of the servey are worthless as an evidence for the argument.
The second one , an answer chioce which indicates that there is another factor to cause the incidence will be a right one.
B: This answer is not bearing with the argument.
B


40
Premise: There is an alarm for preventing something.
Premise: The decreased number is an evidence that the alarm is working.
Conclusion: The alarm is working.
Assumption: If an answer choice weaken the arguement when this answer is negated, this answer choice is a right one.
D: the negation of this answer weakens the argument.
B: OK, Because the correct conclusion is that the alarm is saving life, B is better than D


37
Conclusion: to save cost, the company asks its employees to work at home.
Premise: People communicates with each other through computer and telephone line.
Weaken: Any answer choice indicates that the new plan will lower the efficiency of the employees.
E
E


More than 5 minutes
Premise: The symptoms five days before his death are consistent with the arsenic poisoning.
Premise: The level of arsenic is comparable with this contemporaries.
Premise: These level are much lower than that of victims.
Must be true
C: OK, C is an interpretation of the sentence in the argument.

srafcatt

Paleontologist: About 2.8 million years ago, many species that lived near the ocean floor suffered substantial population declines.These declines coincided with the onset of an ice age.The notion that cold killed those bottom-dwelling creatures outright is misguided, however; temperatures near the ocean floor would have changed very little.Nevertheless, the cold probably did cause the population declines, though indirectly.Many bottom-dwellers depended for food on plankton, small organisms that lived close to the surface and sank to the bottom when they died.Most probably, the plankton suffered a severe population decline as a result of sharply lower temperatures at the surface, depriving many bottom-dwellers of food.

In the paleontologist's reasoning, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

(A) The first introduces the hypothesis proposed by the paleontologist; the second is a judgment offered in spelling out that hypothesis.

(B) The first introduces the hypothesis proposed by the paleontologist; the second is a position that the paleontologist opposes.

(C) The first is an explanation challenged by the paleontologist; the second is an explanation proposed by the paleontologist.

(D) The first is a judgment advanced in support of a conclusion reached by the paleontologist; the second is that conclusion.

(E) The first is a generalization put forward by the paleontologist; the second presents certain exceptional cases in which that generalization does not hold.

srafcatt

精炼
weaken 51s
MBTE--uncomfortable diseases
MBTE widely used--the case tend to be more serious
if only the co. solve the problem some way
answer:B
A strenghten
B weaken
C strenghten
D strenghten
E strenghten
------------------------------------------------------------
逻辑链
1.assumption 56s
fishing co.---alarms---save porpoises
the alarm can only be heard by porpoises
answer
A irrelevant
B not that significant than D
C irrelevant
D correct
E irrelevant information
2.flaw 55s
ads co.--virtual office--save overhead costs
work at home might lower the efficiency
answer:E
A strenghten
B strenghten
C irrelevant
D irrelevant
E correct,weaken
3.explaination 28s
Tayler die from poisoning
bones level good compared with healthy ones
while not for deaths living over a day
the data is incorrect or tayler has been treated alive
answer:E
A weaken
B conflict with the fact
C conflict with the fact
D irrelevant
E correct
4.boldface 50s
answer:C

srafcatt

下次一定要对两个以上！！！！
逻辑题第一题----先给自己介绍下assumption的打法：



                                                                              GMAT逻辑常见题型解析：Assumption

　　一、说明
　　很多人对assumption题很疑惑，当然也包括我。但是，如果从出题者角度出发去分析该类题型，也就是出题者希望我们找出怎样的逻辑问题，在哪里找出问题，我们就容易得出该类题型的攻击点了。
　　举个例子：(前提)小明是第一中学篮球队的队员，(结论)小明身高肯定有180cm。这里存在什么问题?很显然，前提和结论中间缺少了“连接”，这个“连接”就是GMAT的考点。也就是说，原文作者如果想要别人认可他的结论，就必须假设在前提和结论中间有一个“连接”，这个“连接”英文就是“assumption”。
　　Assumption题的题干大多比较一目了然，会直接存在“assume"等单词。少数有些变更，比如：The argument presupposes which one of the following? 或 Which one of the following ,if added to the passage, will make the conclusion logical?
　　还有一些问题虽然明知是assumption题，却会让我们在审题时浪费一些时间，比如：The author assumes which of the following about the "one day only" sale merchandise in predicting the effectiveness of these sales? 这个题干中包含了文章中的一些内容，对于刚开始复习的，特别是阅读较差的人来说就是个灾难。其实，我个人很喜欢这种题干，为什么?原因很简单，题干就给我们明确提示了我们应该注意的关键点。
　　二、答题思路
　　在这里，我依旧沿用(1)中的方法，使用“因为和所以”代替“前提和结论”进行分析。
　　解题方法很简单，既然GAMT要我们找到“因为”和“所以”之间的“连接句”，我们就要首先找到因为和所以。然后从因为和所以中提炼出关键词，最后，对关键词进行比较。正确选项，就是存在着这种比较的一个答案。
　　接着前面的例子，我们按照这个思路简单分析一下。
　　(前提)小明是第一中学篮球队的队员，(结论)小明身高肯定有180cm。
　　第一步，找到因为和所以——
　　因为——小明是篮球队员
　　所以——身高180
　　第二部，也是最关键的一步，我们要抽象出因为和所以里面的最关键因素(后称“关键词”)。
　　因为——篮球队员
　　所以——有身高
　　第三步，对关键词进行比较，
　　篮球队员=身高
　　第四部，到答案中找这两个关键词，并根据第三步的比较结果审查答案是否正确。
　　答案：所有第一中学的篮球队员身高都在180cm以上。
　　三、例题分析
　　1.In recent years, attacks by Dobermans on small children have risen dramatically. Last year saw 35 such attacks in the continental United States alone, an inrease of almost 21% over the previous year's total. Clearly, then, it is unsafe to keep dogs as pets if one has small children in the house.
　　The argument above depends upon which of the following assumptions?
　　原文大意：
　　因为——D攻击小孩次数增多(D攻击小孩)
　　所以——有小孩的不要养狗。(狗不安全)
　　关键词：
　　因为——D
　　所以——狗
　　只有在D和狗之间建立连接，才能使因为和所以顺理成章。
　　比较：
　　D=狗
　　分析到这里，你就要到答案中找有D和狗这两个关键词的选项。记住，任何只存在一个关键词的选项，在大多情况下部正确。
From: 两全其美网校城(www.lqqm.com) Url:http://www.lqqm.com/article-587728-1.html

用关键词法分析本题：因为渔船装了警报器，可以发出让海豚很不爽的声音，所以海豚会躲避渔船从而变得安全。

srafcatt

逻辑链第3题：must be true（选项为结论）我给弄错成support题了。
所以选C呀。天哪。E的确比较适合糊弄我这样的“差不多就行”，用于比较的对象是more than a day 死的，因此砷中毒more than a day就死不是罕见的情况。

逻辑链第4题：D 不对是因为 support 这个词。第一句并不是第二句的支持，第二句也不是结论，而只是解释。

A 也不是答案。第二句只是解释为什么会有第一句这个假设，并不是 judgment，所以如果改为 the second spells out that hypothesis in greater details 就没有问题了。

Nevertheless, the cold probably did cause the population declines, though indirectly. 并没有证据，也没有解释，还用了 probably，这正是假设。如果是结论，那前面就应该有说明、推论，再引出这句话。但现在前面所说的并不是如此。这句是另起炉灶，所以是 hypothesis。