【每日逻辑练习第二季【2-5】

fox0923

大家走来这么久不容易，一定要坚持住阿，曙光在前面！！！

[精练]

2. Medical doctor: Sleep deprivation is the cause of
many social ills, ranging from irritability to
potentially dangerous instances of impaired
decision making. Most people today suffer
from sleep deprivation to some degree.
Therefore we should restructure the workday to
allow people flexibility in scheduling their
work hours.


Which one of the following, if true, would most
strengthen the medical doctor’s argument?


(A) The primary cause of sleep deprivation is
overwork.
(B) Employees would get more sleep if they had
greater latitude in scheduling their work
hours.
(C) Individuals vary widely in the amount of sleep
they require.
(D) More people would suffer from sleep
deprivation today than did in the past if the
average number of hours worked per week
had not decreased.
(E) The extent of one’s sleep deprivation is
proportional to the length of one’s workday.


[PREP练习]

25.    (30469-!-item-!-188;#058&005456)


In the past year Harborville has had an unusually high rate of new cases of a certain disease.  An investigation revealed that over the past five years Harborville's public water supply has had a high level of pollutants.  Medical researchers have hypothesized that Harborville's water is responsible for the high rate of new cases of the disease.

Each of the following, if true, provides additional support for the researchers' hypothesis EXCEPT:

(A) Most of the people afflicted with new cases of the disease had regularly drunk larger quantities of Harborville's water than had other Harborville residents.
(B) The same type of pollutants that were found in Harborville's water have independently been linked to occurrences in other towns of high rates of the disease.
(C) Some of the people with newly diagnosed cases of the disease began to develop the disease before Harborville's water became polluted.
(D) The rate of new cases of the disease among residents of Harborville who get their water from private sources is not unusually high.
(E) Towns with geographic and demographic characteristics similar to those of Harborville but without polluted water do not have as high a rate of the disease as does Harborville.


26.    (30517-!-item-!-188;#058&005463)

A new commercial radio station in Greenfield plans to play songs that were popular hits fifteen to twenty-five years ago.  It hopes in this way to attract an audience made up mainly of people between thirty-five and forty-five years old and thereby to have a strong market appeal to advertisers.

Each of the following, if true, strengthens the prospects that the radio station's plan will succeed EXCEPT:

(A) People tend to remain very fond of the music that they heard when they were in their teens and early twenties.
(B) In a number of cities demographically similar to Greenfield, radio stations that play recordings of popular music from fifteen to twenty-five years ago have succeeded commercially.
(C) People in the thirty-five- to forty-five-year-old age group are more likely to listen to the radio for news than for music.
(D) The thirty-five- to forty-five-year-old age group is one in which people tend to have comparatively high levels of income and are involved in making household purchases.
(E) Among the few radio stations in the Greenfield area, there is none that plays music from this particular period for more than a few hours per week.


27.    (30565-!-item-!-188;#058&005567)

Among people who experience migraine headaches, some experience what doctors call "common" migraines, whereas others experience "classical" migraines.  Siblings and spouses of common migraine sufferers are themselves twice as likely as the general population to experience common migraines.  Siblings of classical migraine sufferers are four times more likely than the general population to experience classical migraines, whereas spouses of classical migraine sufferers are no more likely than the general population to experience such headaches.

The information above provides the most support for which of the following hypotheses?

(A) Susceptibility to classical migraines is more dependent on hereditary factors than is susceptibility to common migraines.
(B) Unmarried adults are more likely to suffer from classical migraines than they are to suffer from common migraines.
(C) People who do not experience migraine headaches are unlikely to have spouses who are migraine headache sufferers.
(D) Children of people who suffer from common migraines are not more likely than the general population to experience a common migraine.
(E) Between one-quarter and one-half of the general population suffer from either common or classical migraine headaches.


28.    (30615-!-item-!-188;#058&005660)

Hutonian Government Official:  Federal law requires truck drivers to take a long break after driving for ten hours, but truck drivers frequently do not comply.  Since the public rest areas along our highways cannot accommodate all the drivers needing a break, we plan to build more rest areas to increase the rate of compliance.

Hutonian Business Representative:  But if the parking lots around our businesses are considered, there are more than enough parking places.

Which of the following, if true about Hutonia, would provide a reason for persisting with the government official's plan despite the objection?

(A) Public parking areas are evenly distributed along the highways.
(B) Truck drivers are most likely not to comply with the federal law if the total time required for a trip exceeds ten hours by less than an hour.
(C) In comparison to public rest areas, private parking lots near highways tend to be time-consuming for drivers to reach.
(D) Even when rest areas are available, some truck drivers park in places, such as highway access ramps, where their trucks are likely to cause accidents.
(E) Some public parking areas, particularly those on heavily traveled roads, are substantially larger than others.

fox0923

[精练解析]


Question #2. Strengthen. December 2001 LSAT, Section 2, #7. The correct answer choice is (B)
Following is the structure of the medical doctor’s argument:
Premise: Sleep deprivation is the cause of many social ills, ranging from irritability to potentially
dangerous instances of impaired decision making.
Premise: Most people today suffer from sleep deprivation to some degree.
Conclusion: Therefore we should restructure the workday to allow people flexibility in scheduling
their work hours.
The first premise contains a causal assertion (not a causal conclusion), and the second premise indicates
that most people suffer from the stated cause. This combination would lead to the conclusion that most
people have a social ill (which could be irritability or impaired decision making, or something in between).
However, the conclusion in the argument leaps over this idea to conclude that the workday should be
restructured. The missing link—or assumption—in the argument is that restructuring the workday would
alleviate the sleep deprivation. As always, whenever you see a gap in the argument, you can strengthen the
argument by eliminating that gap. By relating sleep to work, answer choice (B) closes the gap in the
argument.
Answer choice (A): This is a tricky answer, and the key word is “overwork.” While the author clearly
believes that work schedules affect sleep, this does not mean that employees are being overworked. For
example, a person may be sleep deprived because they have to come into work at 8 A.M. Perhaps they
have children so they must get up very early to take care of their family. The person might then work a
normal eight hour day and be sleep deprived not because of overwork but because of rising early.
Answer choice (B): This is the correct answer. By indicating that employees would avoid sleep
deprivation with a revised workday, this answer affirms that the leap (or gap) made in the argument is not
an unreasonable one.
Answer choice (C): This answer may hurt the argument by suggesting that some individuals cannot be
helped by the restructuring of the workday. At best, this answer has no impact on the argument because we
already know that most people suffer from sleep deprivation to some degree.
Answer choice (D): This answer addresses the fact that the hours worked per week has decreased. But the
argument is not about the average number of hours worked, but rather the way that those hours affect
sleep. Thus, this answer does not help the conclusion that people should be allowed flexibility in
scheduling.
Answer choice (E): The argument does not suggest that the workday will be shortened, only that the day
will be structured so that people have more flexibility in scheduling their hours. Thus, knowing that the
extent of sleep deprivation is proportional to the length of one’s workday does not strengthen the
argument.


[PREP KEY：CCAC]

fox0923

我的帖子我就不客气了，坐沙发~~~-----------------------------------------------------------
精练------------------30s-------------------------support
P: The sleep deprivation will cause illness and even cause the impairment of decision making.
C: Therefore, the flexible work hour schedule is better to prevent such circumstance occurred.
Prephrase: The impairment of decision making can be reduced by sleeping more.


Analysis:
(A) The primary cause of sleep deprivation is
overwork.---------------------------------------------------如果是overwork的原因，那么应该减少workload，这一点不能说明flexible hours can improve the workers' decision making.
(B) Employees would get more sleep if they had
greater latitude in scheduling their work
hours.--------------------------------------------------------yeah! 如果提供了greater latitude in scheduling their work hours，就可以睡的时间多一些，那么sleep deprivation就会减少，从而加强了decision making.
(C) Individuals vary widely in the amount of sleep
they require.------------------------------------------------the variation of amount of sleep is irrelevant.
(D) More people would suffer from sleep
deprivation today than did in the past if the
average number of hours worked per week
had not decreased.----------------------------------------the comparison between the present day and the past day is irrelevant.
(E) The extent of one’s sleep deprivation is
proportional to the length of one’s workday.----------what the proportion is of one's sleep deprivation is irrelevant.




The missing link—or assumption—in the argument is that restructuring the workday would
alleviate the sleep deprivation. As always, whenever you see a gap in the argument, you can strengthen the
argument by eliminating that gap.

xeyyxzty

1.B: Sleep deprivation is the cause of many social ills, ranging from irritability to potentially dangerous instances of impaired decision making.
P:Most people today suffer from sleep deprivation to some degree.
C:we should restructure the workday to allow people flexibility in scheduling their work hours.
The lack of sleep is due to work.
(A) The primary cause of sleep deprivation is overwork.--irrelevant
(B) Employees would get more sleep if they had greater latitude in scheduling their work hours.
--right
(C) Individuals vary widely in the amount of sleep they require.--irrelevant
(D) More people would suffer from sleep deprivation today than did in the past if the average number of hours worked per week had not decreased.
--irrelevant
(E) The extent of one’s sleep deprivation is proportional to the length of one’s workday.
--irrelevant

2.B:In the past year Harborville has had an unusually high rate of new cases of a certain disease.  
P:.An investigation revealed that over the past five years Harborville's public water supply has had a high level of pollutants.  
C:Medical researchers have hypothesized that Harborville's water is responsible for the high rate of new cases of the disease.
the disease may 慢性~需要长期~
(A) Most of the people afflicted with new cases of the disease had regularly drunk larger quantities of Harborville's water than had other Harborville residents.
--support
(B) The same type of pollutants that were found in Harborville's water have independently been linked to occurrences in other towns of high rates of the disease.
--support
(C) Some of the people with newly diagnosed cases of the disease began to develop the disease before Harborville's water became polluted.
--weaken--right
(D) The rate of new cases of the disease among residents of Harborville who get their water from private sources is not unusually high.
--support
(E) Towns with geographic and demographic characteristics similar to those of Harborville but without polluted water do not have as high a rate of the disease as does Harborville.
--support
3.A new commercial radio station in Greenfield plans to play songs that were popular hits fifteen to twenty-five years ago--> to attract an audience made up mainly of people between thirty-five and forty-five years old --> to have a strong market appeal to advertisers.
there are a large amount people between 35-45(A) People tend to remain very fond of the music that they heard when they were in their teens and early twenties.
--support
(B) In a number of cities demographically similar to Greenfield, radio stations that play recordings of popular music from fifteen to twenty-five years ago have succeeded commercially.
--support
(C) People in the thirty-five- to forty-five-year-old age group are more likely to listen to the radio for news than for music.
--weaken--right
(D) The thirty-five- to forty-five-year-old age group is one in which people tend to have comparatively high levels of income and are involved in making household purchases.
--support
(E) Among the few radio stations in the Greenfield area, there is none that plays music from this particular period for more than a few hours per week.
--support

思路想错了~~~
4.Among people who experience migraine headaches, some experience what doctors call "common" migraines, whereas others experience "classical" migraines.  Siblings and spouses of common migraine sufferers are themselves twice as likely as the general population to experience common migraines.  Siblings of classical migraine sufferers are four times more likely than the general population to experience classical migraines, whereas spouses of classical migraine sufferers are no more likely than the general population to experience such headaches.
classical migraine may caused by genes~while common migraine may caused by the unhealthy life style
(A) Susceptibility to classical migraines is more dependent on hereditary factors than is susceptibility to common migraines.
--right
(B) Unmarried adults are more likely to suffer from classical migraines than they are to suffer from common migraines.
--irrelevant
(C) People who do not experience migraine headaches are unlikely to have spouses who are migraine headache sufferers.
--irrelevant
(D) Children of people who suffer from common migraines are not more likely than the general population to experience a common migraine.
--unknown
(E) Between one-quarter and one-half of the general population suffer from either common or classical migraine headaches.

--irrelevant
5.more accidents, more loss
(A) Public parking areas are evenly distributed along the highways.
--irrelevant
(B) Truck drivers are most likely not to comply with the federal law if the total time required for a trip exceeds ten hours by less than an hour.
--irrelevant
(C) In comparison to public rest areas, private parking lots near highways tend to be time-consuming for drivers to reach.
--support?--right
(D) Even when rest areas are available, some truck drivers park in places, such as highway access ramps, where their trucks are likely to cause accidents.
--weaken
(E) Some public parking areas, particularly those on heavily traveled roads, are substantially larger than others.
--irrelevant

南瓜0729

2.30s
P:sleep deprivation is the cause of many illnesses.
c:we should restructure the workday to allow people to schedule their work hours.
P(SUPPORT): people will sleep if they have chance to schedule their work hours.
B
A shell game
B bingo 与我预测的一样
C irrelevant
D irrelevant
E 没说工作时间的问题

今天后面几道prep也都做对了 呵呵 今天偷懒不写了~~

zz42050524

2011/12/14 strengthen 30s
Sleep deprivation is the cause of many social ills. Most people suffer sleep deprivation for some degree.
So we should restructure workdays to ease people.
Pre: 这道题是一个strengthen gap的题，这个题存在的gap是 sleep deprivation 和 workdays之间的练习，文中没有说清，答案就要去说这个gap的内容。
(A) The primary cause of sleep deprivation is  overwork和workdays无关，A无关
overwork.
(B) Employees would get more sleep if they had  more sleep和work hours，contender
greater latitude in scheduling their work
hours.
(C) Individuals vary widely in the amount of sleep  irrelevant
they require.
(D) More people would suffer from sleep     D说的是work hours 多少的问题，而结论说的
deprivation today than did in the past if the    是restructure workdays，所以D 无关
average number of hours worked per week
had not decreased.
(E) The extent of one’s sleep deprivation is   还是说工作长短，irrelevant
proportional to the length of one’s workday.

答案是B

风无衣

【精炼2-5】
strengthen_36s
background information:sleep deprivation is the cause of  many social ills
premise:most people today suffer from sleep deprivation to some degree
conclusion:we should restructure the workday for people to schedule their working hours flexiblity.

(A) The primary cause of sleep deprivation is
overwork.——has no effect
(B) Employees would get more sleep if they had
greater latitude in scheduling their work
hours.——correct
(C) Individuals vary widely in the amount of sleep
they require.——irrelevant
(D) More people would suffer from sleep
deprivation today than did in the past if the
average number of hours worked per week
had not decreased.——has no effect on this issue
(E) The extent of one’s sleep deprivation is
proportional to the length of one’s workday.——has no effect

The missing link—or assumption—in the argument is that restructuring the workday would
alleviate the sleep deprivation. As always, whenever you see a gap in the argument, you can strengthen the
argument by eliminating that gap.

winghyy

精炼题
30s-strengthen
There are now many people who suffer from sleep deprivation will cause many social ills. Therefore, we should restructure the workday to allow people flexibility in scheduling their work hours.
Prephase: People will take advantage of the time flexibility to have enough sleep.
选B
(A) The primary cause of sleep deprivation is overwork.——after the restruction of the workday, people may also work too much.
(B) Employees would get more sleep if they had greater latitude in scheduling their work hours.
——strengthen
(C) Individuals vary widely in the amount of sleep they require. ——weaken
(D) More people would suffer from sleep deprivation today than did in the past if the average number of hours worked per week had not decreased.——irrelevant (the contrast between today and past)
(E) The extent of one’s sleep deprivation is proportional to the length of one’s workday.
——irrelevant (restructuring the workday does not mean reduce the workday)

The missing link—or assumption—in the argument is that restructuring the workday would
alleviate the sleep deprivation.

winghyy

PREP逻辑链
25.27s-strengthen EXCEPT
H has suffered from a certain disease. Researchers have hypothesized that the public water supply with high level of pollutant water should be responsible for the high rate of disease.
选C

26. 43s- strengthen EXCEPT
A radio station plans to play songs that were popular 15 to 25 years ago in order to attract an audience made up of people between 35  and 45 years old, and thereby to have a strong market appeal to advertisers.
The plan will succeed EXCEPT
选C

27. 无限超时-must be true
选C （一头雾水。。。。）

单词不认识。。。sibling兄弟spouse配偶 susceptibility感染性 hereditary遗传的

28.50s-paradox
G:  The public rest areas along highways cannot accommodate all the drives needing a break, we plan to build more rest areas.
B:   But if the parking lots around our businesses are considered, there are more than enough parking places.
Q: support G
选C

ugly5552000

1/Background: sleep deprivation is harmful to our health.
Premise: as most people today suffer from sleep deprivation to some degree, we should restructure the workday to allow people flexibility in scheduling their work hours.
Prephrase: in some company where the workday has been restructured, the deprivation among employees decreases impressively, and they work much more effectively.
B
A: overwork can be addressed by reducing the amount of work, not restructuring the workday.
B: to support the argument needs to prove why restructuring the workday can alleviate the sleep deprivation, in B, employees would get more sleep if they had greater latitude in scheduling their work hours, shows that through restructuring workday, the sleep deprivation can be alleviated.
C: irrelevant
D: restructure does not necessarily mean decrease.
E: it has no connects with restructure.
2/Background: in the past year H has had an abnormal high rate of a certain disease. An investigation revealed that over the past five years H’s public water supply has had a high level of pollutants.
Premise: the polluted public water should be responsible for the high rate of the disease.
Prephrase: the public water in H was only used in industry, not in human’s life.
C
A: supports
B: supports
C: it means the new disease has emerged before the pollution of the public water, then the public water is not necessarily responsible to the disease.
D: it shows strong connection between disease and polluted water.
E: supports
3/Background: a commercial radio station plans to play songs that were popular several years ago.
Premise: it hopes to attract an audience made up mainly of people between thirty-five and forty-five years old and thereby to have a strong market appeal to advertisers.
Prephrase: most people at that age rarely listen to the radio program.
C
A: supports
B: as the plan has been successful in similar cities, it is likely to reach success in G as well
C: the target customers show little in interest in the program, so the plan cannot success.
D: it merely indicates that the target customers have strong consuming power, there is no affects to whether the plan is to work.
E: the less competitive market in the city is a beneficial factor to the plan.
4/Background: people who experience migraine headaches are classified into common migraines and classical migraines. Siblings of common migraines and classical migraines suffers are twice and four times more likely than the general population respectively to experience common migraines and classical migraines. Spouses of classical migraine sufferers are no more likely than the general population to experience such headaches.
Prephrase: I do not know.
A
A: right
B: unmarried adults is not included in the comparison
C: irrelevant
D: irrelevant
E: the conclusion cannot be drawn.
5/Background: the public rest areas along the highways are not adequate for all the drivers needing a break, the government plans to build more rest areas to increase the rate of compliance. HBR rejected that if the parking lots around the business are considered, there are actually more than enough parking places.
Prephrase: the business is usually far from the highways.
C
A: irrelevant
B: irrelevant
C: since the private parking lots is time-consuming for drivers to reach, they are not pragmatic.
D: irrelevant
E: irrelevant