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中耳(middle ear)肌肉旧JJ RC5中耳(middle ear)肌肉共4段 版本一 第一段说中耳肌肉 第二段不但是对外界大噪音而且人自己的大声说话也有反应CONTRACT 第三段不但对噪音而且帮助人分清别人的说话 第四段和鸟的中耳肌肉对比
版本二(06年9月JJ) 长阅读:说中耳里有个肌肉是可以帮助人减少噪音的。 后面具体介绍了怎么减少的,它有什么功能。 最后一段举了个鸟的例子来证明前文的观点—中耳里那个肌肉可以减噪。 版本三 耳朵肌肉,前面的JJ应该提过,主要讲耳朵肌肉可以减缓噪音,包括自己发出的声音(PREVOCALIZATION)等等。 版本四 JJ考的是中耳那篇,MS 是中耳保护耳朵不被大声损害的原理,以及和鸟类的中耳比较(比较考了一题) 版本五 是中耳肌肉那篇,应该做得还可以,文章很长但是都看懂了 一道问你中耳肌肉的作用,答案是阻止外部声音和在自己出声之前就收缩保护 一道问举例火车的作用,答案是描述中耳肌肉在自己大喊之前就收缩保护耳朵 版本六 中耳肌肉那篇,有问第二段火车声音大的例子是用来干嘛的 最后一段,也有问题,是细节题,好像有两个问题 然后最后一个问题是问文中哪项关于中耳肌的选项对。。选项很杂,不过不难判断。 版本七 记得一道细节题,问鸟的那个“中耳“和人的有和区别,原文中鸟那边有提到。还有一题问到为什么作者用"train"一词,这个是这样的,作者说婴儿的哭声在对婴儿而言就想火车一样。所以,提train应该是说中耳对控制internal voice作用,答案好几个说external的反正都错的。 版本八 考到了中耳肌,以前的机经足够了,就是有一道机经没有的题,问的是鸟有什么特点 1.中文與英文相关文章 中文 http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=22&ID=348102&page=1 英文 Two minuscule(微小的) muscles are located in the middle ear. The longer muscle, called the tensor(张肌) tympani, emerges from a bony(骨的) canal (渠河)just above the opening of the eustachian tube and runs backward then outward as it changes direction in passing over a pulleylike projection of bone. The tendon of this muscle is attached to the upper part of the handle of the malleus. When contracted, the tensor tympani tends to pull the malleus inward and thus maintains or increases the tension of the tympanic membrane. The shorter, stouter muscle, called the stapedius, arises from the back wall of the middle-ear cavity and extends forward and attaches to the neck of the head of the stapes. Its reflex contractions tend to tip the stapes backward, as if to pull it out of the oval window. Thus it selectively reduces the intensity of sounds entering the inner ear, especially those of lower frequency. Another piece of information There are two small muscles in the middle ear: the tensor tympani and the stapedius muscles.The former pulls the manubrium of the malleus inward, while the latter is attached to the stapes and pulls the stapes in a direction that is perpendicular to its pistonlike motion. The stapedius muscle is the smallest striated muscle in the body, and it contracts in response to an intense sound (of about 85 dB above the threshold of hearing). This is known as the acoustic middle-ear reflex. The muscle's contraction reduces sound transmission through the middle ear and thus acts as a regulator of input to the cochlea. Perhaps a more important function of the stapedius muscle is that it contracts immediately before and during a person's own vocalization, reducing the sensitivity of the speaker's ears to his or her own voice and possibly reducing the masking effect of an individual's own voice. The role of the tensor tympani muscle is less well understood, but it is thought that contraction of the tensor tympani muscle facilitates proper ventilation of the middle-ear cavity. |
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