【每日逻辑练习第二季【2-2】

mahaofei001

无处不在的可爱糊糊~~~

balapupu

我觉得是不是E还会有点weaken的成分，因为electron device 是在modern 用的时候才开始广泛使用的，所以说old 用的时候，electron device 用的少，所以没有veer off， 如果用的话也会veer off 的~所以说新的不一定比旧的更容易造成危险。

-- by 会员 balapupu (2011/12/11 11:28:06)

没觉出来有weaken的成份阿，后面的bala说的意思我没明白，怎么还联系到old上面去了。
从选项来看， low-power circuitry at about the same time portable electronic devices became popular应该也就是说这两个发生的时间是一样的，是在electronic device get popular的时候。顶多就是表示一个时间的关系，没有什么weaken的含义阿~
木有明白bala的解释~

-- by 会员 fox0923 (2011/12/11 11:55:53)

我换个说法哈：看这个时间轴：vacuum-tube circuitry（old）------->low-power circuitry(new)+electronic
devices become popular.所以可以得出，以前vacuum-tube circuitry 使用的时候，electron devices 用的少，所以事故率低，如果用的和现在一样多的话，事故率也会增高的，所以我觉得会weaken。

winghyy

精炼题
57s-LEAST strengthen
One plane with low-power circuitry veered off course during landing, when a passenger turned on a
laptop computer. Clearly, modern aircraft navigation systems are being put at risk by the electronic
devices that passengers carry on board.
选E
(A) After the laptop computer was turned off, the plane regained course and its navigation
instruments and dials returned to normal.——strengthen (further explaination)
[when the cause is absent, the effect does not occur]
(B) When in use all electronic devices emit electromagnetic radiation, which is known to
interfere with circuitry.—— strengthen (further explaination)
[by showing that the data used to make the conclusion is accurate]
(C) No problems with navigational equipment or instrument dials have been reported on
flights with no passenger-owned electronic devices on board.—— strengthen
[when the cause is absent, the effect does not occur]
(D) Significant electromagnetic radiation from portable electronic devices can travel up to
eight meters, and some passenger seats on modern aircraft are located within four meters
of the navigation systems.——strengthen
[by showing that the data used to make the conclusion is accurate]
(E) Planes were first equipped with low-power circuitry at about the same time portable
electronic devices became popular. —— irrelevant

Modern navigation systems, which are found in most
of today’s commercial aircraft, are made with
low-power circuitry, which is more susceptible to
interference than the vacuum-tube circuitry found in
older planes. During landing, navigation systems
receive radio signals from the airport to guide the
plane to the runway. Recently, one plane with
low-power circuitry veered off course during landing,
its dials dimming, when a passenger turned on a
laptop computer. Clearly, modern aircraft navigation
systems are being put at risk by the electronic
devices that passengers carry on board, such as
cassette players and laptop computers.
Which one of the following, if true, LEAST
strengthens the argument above?

风无衣

【精炼2-2】
least strengthen_58s
background information:modern navigation systems use low-power circuitry. old systems use vacuum-tube circuitry.navigation system could guide plane to runway when landing.
premise:recently a plane with low-power circuitry has a problem at landing when a passenger opened a laptop.
conclusion:modern navigation systems are at risk when passengers carry the electronic devices on board.

(A) After the laptop computer was turned off, the
plane regained course and its navigation
instruments and dials returned to normal.——support
(B) When in use all electronic devices emit
electromagnetic radiation, which is known to
interfere with circuitry.——support
(C) No problems with navigational equipment or
instrument dials have been reported on
flights with no passenger-owned electronic
devices on board.——support
(D) Significant electromagnetic radiation from
portable electronic devices can travel up to
eight meters, and some passenger seats on
modern aircraft are located within four meters
of the navigation systems.——support
(E) Planes were first equipped with low-power
circuitry at about the same time portable
electronic devices became popular.——irrelevant

winghyy

逻辑链
13. 50s-weaken
An unusually severe winter occured after an eruption.Therefore, major eruption leads to a cooler atomsphere.
Prephase: Another cause leaded to the severe winter.
选C [When A occurs, B does not occur]

14. 42s-assumption
Microwave ovens with built-in clock use more 45K electricity than those without the built-in clocks.
Prephase: In microwave ovens with no built-in clocks, there is no other devices that uses electricity.
选D

15.38s-weaken
Some airline companies attract consumers by offering very low fares on certain routes to drive competitors off those routes. However, this method is not profitable in the long run.Because after elimating the competitors, the airline company will charge high fares on the route to recoup the earlier losses, thus providing competitors a better opportunity to undercut the fares.
Prephase: The fares is not so low to make airlines loose money.
选E

16.47s-strengthen
Airplane maintenance always goes with repainting. The use of a new kind of nontoxic painting allow that the maintenace tasks can be carried out at the same time, in an attempt to reduce the maintenace time.
选B

zz42050524

2011/12/12 Least support
The airplane has a device with low signal to receive information from land. When passenger opens a laptop, the signal will diminish.
So the system will be at risk by the electricity devices carried by passenger.
Pre:
(A) After the laptop computer was turned off, the  support
plane regained course and its navigation
instruments and dials returned to normal.
(B) When in use all electronic devices emit     这个是答案：
electromagnetic radiation, which is known to
interfere with circuitry.
(C) No problems with navigational equipment or  support
instrument dials have been reported on
flights with no passenger-owned electronic
devices on board.
(D) Significant electromagnetic radiation from   support
portable electronic devices can travel up to
eight meters, and some passenger seats on
modern aircraft are located within four meters
of the navigation systems.
(E) Planes were first equipped with low-power support
circuitry at about the same time portable
electronic devices became popular.
这道题有个疑问，这个least是否定意思啊，这个就是找weaken或者无关。

ugly5552000

1/Background: the navigation systems which are installed on planes and play important role during the landing of planes are easily to be interfered.
Premise: recently, when a passage turned on a laptop computer during the landing of a plane, the navigation system happened to show some problem, so the electronic devices carried onto planes by passengers put the navigation at risk.
Prephrase: the problem during landing was by the storm weather condition.
E
A: it shows that the laptop computer has affects on navigation system
B: since all electronic devices emit radiation to interfere with navigation system, the argument is strengthened.
C: no electronic devices, no problems with the system, support
D: the system is in the radiation range of the electronic devices.
E: irrelevant, so least supports the argument
2/Background: once an severe winter occurred after the eruption of a volcano.
Premise: it is the eruption of volcano makes the atmosphere to become cooler.
Prephrase: after 1984, the volcano erupted several times, however, the atmosphere did not change after the eruption.
C
A: irrelevant
B: strong connection between eruption of volcano and rainy season supports the argument
C: after volcanic eruption, the temperature is still high, weakens the argument
D: irrelevant
E: supports
3/Background: when microwave ovens are not in use, the built-in clock still consume electricity. The clock each consume about 45 kilowatt-hours per year.
Premise: the microwave ovens without built-in clock consume 45 kilowatt-hours per year less than those with built-in clock.
Prephrase: the total hours per year the two kinds of microwave ovens are in use for are equal.
D
A: if it is true, the result of electrical consumption of built-in clock cannot be measured.
B: irrelevant
C: irrelevant
D: right, it rules out the factor which may trigger bias
E: irrelevant
4/Background: some airlines drive their competitors off the short routes by setting the fares of the routs lower the costs, but the strategy is not profitable in long routes.
Premise: once an airline implements the method, their attempts of recouping the earlier losses by charging high fares on that route for an extended period would provide competitors the chances to undercut the fares.
Prephrase: the high fares is accompanied with more service, which makes passengers feel worthwhile.
B
A: irrelevant
B: if there is competitor, the reduced price will maintain, then no opportunity is left to the competitors.
C: irrelevant, it merely depicts the promotion of tickets
D: irrelevant
E: irrelevant
5/Background: when an airplane is being repainted, no other maintenance work can be carried out on the same time.
Premise: the official plans to replace paint with a plastic film which not only sustain as long as the paint and allows other maintenance jobs to be carried out at the same time.
Prephrase: the new film is easy to acquire.
B
A: irrelevant
B: not only the film is equally easy-use as the paint, but also can it allow other maintenance tasks to be done at the same time
C: weaken
D: weaken
E: the point is “maintenance”, not security

FB小贝

【1】Background: Modern… to the runway.
Premise: Recently, one plane with
low-power circuitry veered off course during landing,
its dials dimming, when a passenger turned on a
laptop computer.
Conclusion:  Clearly, modern aircraft navigation
systems are being put at risk by the electronic
devices that passengers carry on board, such as
cassette players and laptop computers.
Least Strengthen(weaken): not the problem of electronic devices
A. Strengthen
B. Strengthen
C. Strengthen
D. Strengthen
E. Irrelevant ,correct
【2】Background: the continent was blanketed by a blue haze resulting from the eruption of the Laki Volcano in the European republic of Iceland in the summer of 1984.
Premise: An unusually severe winter occurred in Europe
Conclusion: major eruptions cause the atmosphere to become cooler than it would be otherwise.
Weaken: temperature rise after eruptions/severe winter is caused by other factors
A. Irrelevant
B. Irrelevant
C. correct
D. strengthen
E. Irrelevant—sea surface is not the same as air temperature
【3】Background: Most household appliances use electricity only when in use.  Many microwave ovens, however, have built-in clocks and so use some electricity even when they are not in use.  
Premise: The clocks each consume about 45 kilowatt-hours per year.
Conclusion: Therefore, households whose microwave oven has no built-in clock use 45 kilowatt-hours per year less, on average, than do comparable households whose microwave oven is otherwise similar but has a built-in clock.
Assumption: the two kinds of mo consume the same electricity except for the clock
A. Irrelevant
B. Irrelevant
C. Irrelevant
D. correct  no more plugged in clocks
E. Irrelevant
【4】Background: Some airlines allegedly reduce fares on certain routes to a level at which they lose money, in order to drive competitors off those routes.
Premise:  Once an airline successfully implements this method, any attempt to recoup the earlier losses by charging high fares on that route for an extended period would only provide competitors with a better opportunity to undercut the airline's fares.
Conclusion:  this method of eliminating competition cannot be profitable in the long run.  
Weaken: successfully implements will not cause losses
A. Irrelevant
B. Irrelevant
C. correct
D. Irrelevant
E. Strengthen
【5】Background: When an airplane is taken out of service for maintenance, it is often repainted as well, and during the repainting no other maintenance work can be done on the plane.  
Premise: The film takes just as long to apply as paint does, but many other maintenance tasks can be carried out at the same time.
Conclusion: reduce maintenance time
Strengthen: the film lasts at least as long as the paint
A. Irrelevant
B. Strengthen , correct
C. weaken
D. irrelevant
E. irrelevant

baseboss

1.Modern navigations will be interrupt by electronic device.
presume:
people like to open the device after landing.

(A) After the laptop computer was turned off, the
plane regained course and its navigation
instruments and dials returned to normal.
-->correct
(B) When in use all electronic devices emit
electromagnetic radiation, which is known to
interfere with circuitry.
-->irrelevant
(C) No problems with navigational equipment or
instrument dials have been reported on
flights with no passenger-owned electronic
devices on board.
-->irrelevant
(D) Significant electromagnetic radiation from
portable electronic devices can travel up to
eight meters, and some passenger seats on
modern aircraft are located within four meters
of the navigation systems.
-->irrelevant
(E) Planes were first equipped with low-power
circuitry at about the same time portable
electronic devices became popular.
-->irrelevant


2Become cooler is due to eruption
presume:
The evidence show the cooler is not due to eruption

(A) The cooling effect triggered by volcanic eruptions in 1985 was counteracted by an unusual warming of Pacific waters.
-->irrelevant
(B) There is a strong statistical link between volcanic eruptions and the severity of the rainy season in India.
-->irrelevant
(C) A few months after El Chichn's large eruption in April 1982, air temperatures throughout the region remained higher than expected, given the long-term weather trends.
-->irrelevant
(D) The climatic effects of major volcanic eruptions can temporarily mask the general warming trend resulting from an excess of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
-->weaken
(E) Three months after an early springtime eruption in South America during the late 19th century, sea surface temperatures near the coast began to fall.
-->support


3presume:
microwace ovens is always connect with the electricity.
(A) Households that do not have a microwave oven use less energy per year, on average, than do households that have a microwave oven.
-->irrelevant
(B) Microwave ovens with a built-in clock do not generally cost more to buy than microwave ovens without a built-in clock.
-->irrelevant
(C) All households that have a microwave oven also have either a gas oven or a conventional electric oven.
-->irrelevant
(D) Households whose microwave oven does not have a built-in clock are no more likely to have a separate electric clock plugged in than households whose microwave oven has one.
-->correct
(E) There are more households that have a microwave oven with a built-in clock than there are households that have a microwave oven without a built-in clock.
-->irrelevant

4compete by reduce fares is useless.
presuem:
reduce fares will let competitor leave the routes.

A) In some countries it is not illegal for a company to drive away competitors by selling a product below cost.
-->correct
(B) Airline executives generally believe that a company that once underpriced its fares to drive away competitors is very likely to do so again if new competitors emerge.
-->irrelevant
(C) As part of promotions designed to attract new customers, airlines sometimes reduce their ticket prices to below an economically sustainable level.
-->support
(D) On deciding to stop serving particular routes, most airlines shift resources to other routes rather than reduce the size of their operations.
-->irrelevant
(E) When airlines dramatically reduce their fares on a particular route, the total number of air passengers on that route increases greatly.
-->irrelevant

5 use films to instead of painting
presume:
good effort by using films

A) Unlike paint, the film gives a milky tone to certain colors.
-->weaken
(B) At the end of its useful life, the film can be removed much more quickly than paint can.
-->support correct
(C) The film can be applied only by technicians who have received special training.
-->weaken
(D) The metal exteriors of airplanes have to be protected from high temperatures and caustic chemicals such as exhaust gases.
-->irrelevant
(E) Even at speeds considerably higher than the normal speed of a passenger jet, the film remains securely attached.
-->support but no compare

jetyxo

1 33"  premise: the  data screen of airplane with new systems become dimming,when customers open electrical MP
          conclusion:new navigation system is put at risk when eletrical devices opened?
          LEAST strengthen?--->E
-----------------------------------------------------------
2 23" premise: In Europe, the winter became serious because Laki volcano broken
         conclusion: the volcano cause atmosphere become cooler and cooler
          weaken? there was other reason cause winter so serious
         A B D irrelevant ,E supports   answer: C
---------------------------------------------------------------------
3 35"  premise:  microwave oven with block-in colse MO1 use 45 khr more than that without block-in close MO2
          conclusion: households who use the later oven use 45 khr less  than household with block-in close ovens
          assumption:  household use MO2 does not need other close function as a block-in close
          answer
------------------------------------------------------------
4 33" background: an airline plan to reduce its price to drive other competitors off the route
        conclusion: this plan will make no profits in a long term,because once the airline increase its price, the competitors will come back
        weaken:B
--------------------------------------------------
5 28" background:when use  old method of painting , there are no other maintance work can be done,
         premise: in order to reduce the time need to maintain, the company plan to use new method of painting,which doesn't need to postpone other maintance when painting
       support? new methord won't waste time at other aspect
       answer:B