【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-19】

ugly5552000

1/Background: today’s newspaper and televised news program are full of stories about murders and assaults in the city.
Premise: the violent crime is out of control, for the sake of life security, one should not leave home unless it is absolutely necessary.
Prephrase: according to the report of police, the violent crime has stayed on the same level in the recent ten years.
A
A: the news programs have more comprehensive coverage of violent crime, so more news about violent crimes exist, this does not mean that the violent crimes increase.
B: supports the argument
C: irrelevant and in some extent, this supports the argument.
D: larger percentage does not mean more violent crimes, the concrete amount depends on the radix number.
E: irrelevant
2/Background: the house gecko, a newly gecko species, is displacing the previously established mourning gecko in urban areas. The populations of the two species are more stable in rural areas. The house gecko does not attack the mourning gecko, but prevent the mourning gecko from feeding in areas where insects congregate.
Prephrase: it is in the urban areas where the insects are often congregate. Because of being prevented from feeding on the insects, the mourning gecko is displaced by house gecko.
D
A: irrelevant
B: irrelevant
C: irrelevant
D: where there are more insects, there are more house geckos
E: irrelevant
3/Background: few businesses locate in downtown vilieu, because the office downtown building lack the modern amenities most business operators demand.
Premise: Vilieu officials plan to constructed modern office buildings and to lure more businesses downtown by offering reduced local tax rates to any business that leases space in a new downtown building.
Prephrase: the modern amenities are still inadequate.
C
A: supports the arguments
B: irrelevant
C: since the tax rates in suburbs are much lower, few businesses are willing to lease space downtown.
D: supports the arguments
E: irrelevant
4/Background: Northern Air plans to replace its large planes with Skybus.
Premise: Skybus is more fuel efficient, which results in both lower fuel costs and reduced time spent refueling.
Prephrase: Skybus carries less passengers and covers smaller areas.
A
A: supports the argument: because the skybus does not need the current stops for refueling.
B: supports the argument
C: irrelevant
D: irrelevant
E : the turbulence caused by skybus will have serious influence on other planes
5/Background: a new machine for harvesting corn allows rows to be planted in higher density. Closely planted corn will produce lower yields. However, the machine will allow corn growers to double their profits per acre.
Prephrase: the machine reduces the harvest cost and the increase of yields in whole acre covers the lost of yields per plant.
A
A: Because of the machine, the corns are planted more densely, the need for costly weed control and irrigation is minimized.
B: irrelevant
C: weakens the argument
D: doubled the number of plants does not guarantee the double profit
E : irrelevant

leewonting

97
Unlike newspapers in the old days, today’s newspapers and televised news programs are full of stories about murders and assaults in our city. One can only conclude from this change that violent crime is now out of control, and, to be safe from personal attack, one should not leave one’s home except for absolute necessities. Which one of the following, if true, would cast the most serious doubt on the conclusion?
(A) Newspapers and televised news programs have more comprehensive coverage of violent crime than newspapers did in the old days.
(B) National data show that violent crime is out of control everywhere, not just in the author’s city.
(C) Police records show that people experience more violent crimes in their own neighborhoods than they do outside their neighborhoods.
(D) Murder comprised a larger proportion of violent crimes in the old days than it does today.
(E) News magazines play a more important role today in informing the public about crime than they did in the old days.
背景：Today’s newspaper and televised programs are full of stories about murders and assaults in the city.
条件：One can be explained that violent crime is now out of control.
结论：One should stay home unless absolute necessities
推测：未必是犯罪的上升，或者是对这个更开放；不出门也太不靠谱了吧，就算是这么解释，也有出门也安全的方法（或者小偷、凶手入室的更多？）
选C
答案应该选A，comprehensive coverage是全面覆盖，（if anything，如果有的话），A比C更有说服力。


98
背景：On Pacific island, a newly arrived gecko species, the horse gecko, is displacing the previously established mourning gecko in urban areas.
条件：The populations of the two species are more stable in rural areas far from human settlement
结论：The horse gecko does not attack the mourning gecko, but in areas where insects congregate it prevents the mourning gecko from feeding on them.
推测：insects不充足的时候才会attack，人多了，环境污染了……
选D


99
背景：Downtown Villieu was once a flourishing business district, but most Villieu-area businesses are now located only in the suburbs.
条件：Office buildings downtown lack the modern amenities most business operators demand today. So construct the buildings and reduce the local tax rates will lure more businesses
结论：The plan will succeed
推测：除了建筑和税的问题，suburban有比downtown更吸引的地方
选C

100
背景：Northern Air has dozens of flights daily into and out of Belleville Airport, which is highly congested.
条件：Northern Air succeeds because it can quickly turn around. And it wants to replace its large plane with Skybus that is extremely fuel efficient
结论：Result in lower cost and reduce time spending
推测：那么大的灰机，会不会很难turn around啊？
选E


101
Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
A new machine for harvesting corn will allow rows to be planted only fifteen inches apart, instead of the usual thirty inches.  Corn planted this closely will produce lower yields per plant.  Nevertheless, the new machine will allow corn growers to double their profits per acre because __________.
(A) with the closer spacing of the rows, the growing corn plants will quickly form a dense canopy of leaves, which will, by shading the ground, minimize the need for costly weed control and irrigation
(B) with the closer spacing of the rows, corn plants will be forced to grow taller because of increased competition for sunlight from neighboring corn plants
(C) with the larger number of plants growing per acre, more fertilizer will be required
(D) with the spacing between rows cut by half, the number of plants grown per acre will almost double
(E) with the closer spacing of the rows, the acreage on which corn is planted will be utilized much more intensively than it was before, requiring more frequent fallow years in which corn fields are left unplanted
背景：Corn usually is planted thirty inches apart, and there is a new machine for harvesting corn will allow rows to be fifteen inches apart
条件：Corn planted this closely will produce lower yields per plant
结论：But corn growers will double their profits because of using the new machine
推测：虽然per plant的产量减少，但是他们种了很多plant
选D
答案应该选A，虽然每plant的产量减少了，但是同时用于灌溉和杂草控制的药物也减少了，弥补了每plant减少而导致的钱的减少。
D，并没有increase profit，只是保持了！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！

Roxas605

2.    
Downtown Villieu was once a flourishing business district, but most Villieu-area businesses are now located only in the suburbs.  The office buildings downtown lack the modern amenities most business operators demand today.  To lure more businesses downtown, Villieu officials plan to have several modern office buildings constructed and to offer reduced local tax rates to any business that leases space in a new downtown building.

Which of the following, if true, most threatens the plan's likelihood of success?

(A) Most of the businesses currently located in downtown Villieu have long-term leases on the space they occupy there.
(B) The existing office buildings in downtown Villieu have, on average, a much higher vacancy rate than do office buildings in Villieu's suburbs.
(C) The local tax rates in Villieu's suburbs are significantly lower than downtown Villieu's proposed rate for businesses that lease space in the new office buildings. 【proposed rate=rates have reduced！！！之前误以为是调整前，但如果是lease space的一定是政策后了】

(D) Most of the businesses that currently lease office space in downtown Villieu also lease office space in Villieu's suburbs.
(E) With the new office buildings, downtown Villieu would have a greater amount of modern office space than any other downtown business district in the region.


【前提】：Building（downtown）需要修理---->business不在downtown
【结论】：（1）建设modern building
                 （2）减免税率                         ------------->more lease(租)
【预测】:  weaken:   1.税率减免之后还是很高
                                2.新的modern building还是不如suburbs


PS：我是这样理解A的，因为是long term合同，所以不能退掉现在的lease，而去租新的building，所以条件不成立，计划无效。
WHY？？？？

FB小贝

6. Unlike newspapers in the old days, today’s
newspapers and televised news programs are full of
stories about murders and assaults in our city. One
can only conclude from this change that violent
crime is now out of control, and, to be safe from
personal attack, one should not leave one’s home
except for absolute necessities.
Which one of the following, if true, would cast the
most serious doubt on the conclusion?
(A) Newspapers and televised news programs have
more comprehensive coverage of violent
crime than newspapers did in the old days.
(B) National data show that violent crime is out of
control everywhere, not just in the author’s
city.
(C) Police records show that people experience
more violent crimes in their own
neighborhoods than they do outside their
neighborhoods.
(D) Murder comprised a larger proportion of
violent crimes in the old days than it does
today.
(E) News magazines play a more important role
today in informing the public about crime
than they did in the old days.

A

spencerX

【精练】
Premise: Today’s newspapers and tv programs are full of stories about murder and assaults.
Conclusion:
1.    One can only conclude than violent crime is out of control now.
2.    To avoid the crime, we should not leave our home
Pre: There is a difference between the actually violent crimes and what the news papers or tv programs reported.
Analysis:
A.    Correct. This statement can explain why news papers and TV programs report more violent crimes nowadays—not because there are more violent crimes in our society. So the argument made by the author is weakened.
B.    Opposite answer. This statement actually support the argument by giving the evidence that there are more violent crimes everywhere.
C.    Irrelevant
D.    Irrelevant
E.    Irrelevant. What concerned in the argument is news papers, not news magazines

【逻辑链】
1.  
Fact: H g is displacing M g in urban area, the population of the two species are more stable in rural areas far from human settlement. H doesn’t attack M, in areas where insects congregate: m feed less on them
Pre: In the human settlement, there are more insects.
My answer: D

2.
Background: Most V—area business are now located only in the suburbs. the office buildings cannot meet the requirements of the business.
Premise:
1.    build several modern office buildings
2.    reduce local tax rates
Conclusion: Lure more business
Pre:
1.    The building constructed by the government still cannot meet the standard of V—area business
2.    The tax rates is still not low enough
My answer: C

3.
Background: Northern Air use B Airport, which is very congested.
Premise: Northern Air depends for its success on efficiency, so they decided to replace their planes with Skybuses, because it is fuel efficient
Conclusion: The Skybus' fuel efficiency results in both lower fuel costs and reduced time spent refueling.
Pre: Other facts may cause much more time needed to turn around, and thus can reduce the efficiency of NA
My answer: E

4.
Background: A new machine for harvesting corn will allow rows to be planted only fifteen inches apart, instead of the usual thirty inches
Premise: Corn planted this closely will produce lower yields per plant.
Conclusion: the new machine will allow corn growers to double their profits per acre
Pre: The areas that can grow corn increase.
My answer: D
错误原因：选项D只能保证收入不变，但是不能得出grows将double他们的profits
而选项B则直接表明成本可以降低，那么grows将可能double profits per acre

baseboss

1.A lot of news about voilent crime.The verdict about this phenomenon is voilent crime surrand us.People without necessary should not go out.
presume:
Report more ,do not means occurring more.

(A) Newspapers and televised news programs have
more comprehensive coverage of violent
crime than newspapers did in the old days.
-->correct
(B) National data show that violent crime is out of
control everywhere, not just in the author’s
city.
-->support
(C) Police records show that people experience
more violent crimes in their own
neighborhoods than they do outside their
neighborhoods.
-->irrelevant
(D) Murder comprised a larger proportion of
violent crimes in the old days than it does
today.
-->irrelevant
(E) News magazines play a more important role
today in informing the public about crime
than they did in the old days.
-->irrelevant

2 G are more stable in rural far from the human  settlement.
HG will prevent MG feeding on the insect.
presume:
insect congregated in the light area.
D

3
Presume:
modern building construction and low tax can not meet the company's demand.
C

4
Presume:
Equipment for current planes and for the skybus' will be the same or not.
E

5
Presume:
Machine can reduece the harvest time cost ,this can be implement the yield reduce.
A

二楼往下掉

1.
（1）25s weaken
（2）逻辑链
Primes：
Today’s newspapers and televised news programs are full of stories about murders and assaults in our city
Conclusion：
Violent crime is now out of control and one should not leave one’s home except for absolute necessities
（3）<1>现在比过去传媒要先进很多，所以即使报道的谋杀案多了，也不能推出现在暴力犯罪已经失去控制
<2>统计表明，大比例谋杀案发生在家里
（4）A：现在的报纸电视比原来的报纸对于暴力犯罪的覆盖面更全面了，没有对conclusion造成影响，loser
B：这应该算是support，依然承认在作者的城市暴力犯罪失去控制，loser
C：同预测<2>，contender
D：谋杀占暴力犯罪的比例比现在大，与结论无关，loser
E：magazine在文中完全没提到，loser
所以，选C
正确答案：A

2.
（1）1’ explanation
（2）逻辑链
Fact:
<1>On Pacific islands, a newly arrived gecko species, the house gecko, is displacing the previously established mourning gecko in urban areas, but populations of the two species are more stable in rural areas far from human settlement.
<2> The house gecko does not attack the mourning gecko, but in areas where insects congregate it prevents the mourning gecko from feeding on them.
（4）A：没有解释为什么在城市和乡村两种壁虎的数量比例差很多，loser
B：壁虎攻击同类，没有解释问题，loser
C：坐飞机和船来又怎样。。。，loser
D：昆虫喜欢去亮的地方扎堆，house gecko不许mourning gecko捕食昆虫，所以mourning就不在urban待着了？
E：与生殖方式无关，loser

3.
（1）30s weaken
（2）逻辑链
Background：
<1>Downtown Villieu was once a flourishing business district, but most Villieu-area businesses are now located only in the suburbs.
<2>The office buildings downtown lack the modern amenities most business operators demand today.
Primes；
Villieu officials plan to have several modern office buildings constructed and to offer reduced local tax rates to any business that leases space in a new downtown building
Conclusion：
To lure more businesses downtown
（3）<1>搬家成本高于免的税，不划算
<2>几栋现代的办公楼不成规模，不利于做生意
（4）A：文章讨论的重点是不在市中心的这些企业，而不是已经在市中心的这些企业，loser
B：不需要比较现在在市中心的这些楼，应该要比较市中心要新建的楼和郊外的楼，loser
C：还是郊外划算，同<1>，contender
D：在市中心有楼的在郊外也有楼，但是在市中心已经有楼的不在讨论范围，loser
E：说明市中心很好，很有竞争力，所以计划会成功，support，loser
所以，选C

4.
（1）38s weaken
（2）逻辑链
Background：
Northern Air has dozens of flights daily into and out of Belleville Airport, which is highly congested.
Primes：
<1>novel aerodynamic design is extremely fuel efficient.
<2> The Skybus' fuel efficiency results in both lower fuel costs and reduced time spent refueling.
Conclusion：
Northern Air depends for its success on economy and quick turnaround and consequently is planning to replace its large planes with Skybuses
（3）小飞机每一架的成本低，但是装的人少，需要飞更多次，所以总成本比原来高
（4）A：换飞机好啊，没提到换飞机的缺点，loser
B：飞机油在未来几年要降价，所以可以再某种程度上打击结论，contender
C：换飞机可以不需要中途补给了，好事，虽然有几台机器没工作了，但是总的来说是好事，loser
D：别人家使用B机场都没有考虑换S飞机，说明S飞机有可能有点问题？contender
E：三角架靠后，需要别的飞机退后起飞，这不地道，contender
所以，尽管B,D都在某种程度上伤害到了conclusion，但是没有明确点出S飞机到底哪里有问题，E明确说出S会导致别的飞机有问题，所以不能实现NAa公司的目标，选E

5.
（1）40s explain
（2）逻辑链
Background：
<1>A new machine for harvesting corn will allow rows to be planted only fifteen inches apart, instead of the usual thirty inches.
<2>Corn planted this closely will produce lower yields per plant.
Primes:
?
Conclusion:
The new machine will allow corn growers to double their profits per acre
（3）机器收割的快可以一年种两回
（4）A：种的密了叶子长出来会遮挡阳光，这样省了除杂草的钱，contender
B：种密了会长的更高，但是没有说收成如何，不能把长得高=收成好，loser
C：种密了需要更多的肥料，费钱啊，loser
D：这跟文中的背景冲突，loser
E：种密了需要更长时间的休耕，应该不是赚钱的买卖，loser
所以，选A

jetyxo

1 22"  premise: today, paper and televison brodcast more about crimes than before
         conclusion: crimes are out of control
         weaken?  today, brodcasting more like to  focus on crimes than before---->A
----------------------------------------------------------------------
2 30"  background: in rural areas, HG and MG ' population keep stable
                              when in area where insects concentrated, HG precents MG from feeding on the insect
         reason? why the population of both HG and MG is different in city
                       in city ,there have more insects concentrated than in rural areas---->D
--------------------------------------------------------------------
3 31"  premise: in order to attract more company to lease in downtown, goverment plan to build more moden building and reduce  tax rate
         weaken? thsi plan will fail to lure company
          answer : C    the plan tax rate is still not attractive than that of  suburb
------------------------------------------------------------
4 25" background:  NA is success in its economic and quick turnover
        premise: NA  repalce its airpalnes with a  kind of new one ,which is more fuel efficient and can reduce time needed to fuel
        weaken? the new airplane may be has other bad effect on economic or time consum--->E
        A B C support D irrelevant
---------------------------------------------------------------
5 23" background: a new technology can increase the number of corn planted in per acre, but will reduce the production
        conclusion: the profit will double
        reason? may be the technology will take other advantage to set off the reduce in production   --->A

emmasy

1.
facts:newspapers and televised news programs are full of
stories about murders and assaults
conclusion:violent crime is now out of control, and, to be safe from personal attack, one should not leave one’s home except for absolute necessities.
a.support
b.irrevelant
c.irrevelant
d.irrevelant
e.weaken

2.
d.correct

3.
aim:To lure more businesses downtown
solusion:have several modern office buildings constructed and to offer reduced local tax rates to any business that leases space in a new downtown building
a.irrevelant
b.irrevelant
c.weaken
d.irrevelant
e.irrevelant

4.
aim: economy and quick turnaround
solusion:replace its large planes with Skybuses, whose fuel efficiency results in both lower fuel costs and reduced time spent refueling.
a.support
b.irrevelant
c.irrevelant
d.irrevelant
e.weaken

5.
a.correct
b.irrevelant
c.weaken
d.irrevelant
e.weaken

LuckyYolandaLi

6.
1）计时：
2）逻辑链：
Premise: Unlike newspapers in the old days, today’s newspapers and televised news programs are full of stories about murders and assaults in our city.
Conclusion: violent crime is now out of control, and, to be safe from personal attack, one should not leave one’s home except for absolute necessities.
3）推测：Today’s newspapers and televised news programs are full of stories about murders and assaults in our city in order to attract more attention.
4）选项分析：选A
A: Correct.
B: Irrelevant (or strengthen).
C: Irrelevant.
D: Irrelevant.
E: News magazines——irrelevant.


1.
1）计时：s
2）逻辑链：
Premise: The house gecko does not attack the mourning gecko, but in areas where insects congregate it prevents the mourning gecko from feeding on them.
Conclusion: On Pacific islands, a newly arrived gecko species, the house gecko, is displacing the previously established mourning gecko in urban areas, but populations of the two species are more stable in rural areas far from human settlement.
3）推测：Insects congregate in urban areas.
4）选项分析：选D
A: Irrelevant.
B: Irrelevant.
C: Irrelevant.
D: Correct.
E: Irrelevant.


2.
1）计时：s
2）逻辑链：
Premise: Downtown Villieu was once a flourishing business district, but most Villieu-area businesses are now located only in the suburbs.  The office buildings downtown lack the modern amenities most business operators demand today.
Conclusion: To lure more businesses downtown, Villieu officials plan to have several modern office buildings constructed and to offer reduced local tax rates to any business that leases space in a new downtown building.
3）推测：。。。
4）选项分析：选B（正确答案：C）
A: Irrelevant.
B: Correct.
C: 这个刚开始也觉的有点像。。。
D: Irrelevant.
E: Irrelevant.
还是不太明白。。。



3.
1）计时：s
2）逻辑链：
Premise: Northern Air has dozens of flights daily into and out of Belleville Airport
, which is highly congested.  Northern Air depends for its success on economy and quick turnaround and consequently is planning to replace its large planes with Skybuses, whose novel aerodynamic design is extremely fuel efficient.Conclusion: The Skybus' fuel efficiency results in both lower fuel costs and reduced time spent refueling.
3）推测：Skybus can hold less passengers.
4）选项分析：选E
A: Counteractive.
B: Irrelevant.
C: 我觉得这个也有点像
D: Irrelevant.
E:Correct.


4.
1）计时：s
2）逻辑链：
Premise: A new machine for harvesting corn will allow rows to be planted only fifteen inches apart, instead of the usual thirty inches.  Corn planted this closely will produce lower yields per plant.
Conclusion: The new machine will allow corn growers to double their profits per acre
3）推测：Much more corn can be planted in the areas with the same size
4）选项分析：选A
A: Correct.
B: Irrelevant.
C: Counteractive.
D: 这题真心纠结了，只能认为这种情况即使增长也达不到二倍
E: Counteractive.