【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-17】

balapupu

1.[40s]
P: Birth weight: Premature baby < mature baby---? Birth weight: receive adequate prenatal care > Inadequate prenatal care
C: adequate prenatal care can decrease low birth weight.
Weaken: the adequate care are more likely to make baby premature.
A:
(A) The hospital records indicate that many babies
that are born with normal birth weights are
born to mothers who had inadequate prenatal
care.-->”many” have no influence on the result.
(B) Mothers giving birth prematurely are routinely
classified by hospitals as having received
inadequate prenatal care when the record of
that care is not available.—>support.[啊。。。做错了，看完答案才看懂选项，原来是把premature 划分成 inadequate care的意思]
(C) The hospital records indicate that low birth
weight babies were routinely classified as
having been born prematurely.-?irrelevant with the conclusion.
(D) Some babies not born prematurely, whose
mothers received adequate prenatal care,
have low birth weights.-->R
(E) Women who receive adequate prenatal care are
less likely to give birth prematurely than are
women who do not receive adequate prenatal
care.-->support

balapupu

沙发，坐稳~~

---------------------------------------------------
精练--------------------42s----------------------weakenP: The baby born non-prematurely would suffer low weight than baby born prematurely.
P: The women who don't have adequate prenatal care would have low weight baby than those who have adequate prenatal care.
C: Therefore, adequate prenatal care can prevent risk of low weight baby.
Prephrase: Women with adequate prenatal care can still have low weight baby because of other accidents.
Analysis:
(A) The hospital records indicate that many babies
that are born with normal birth weights are
born to mothers who had inadequate prenatal
care.----------------------------------------------------------this can be the contender, but the argument does not state that mothers with inadequate prenatal cannot have normal birth weight babies. 它只说more likely。
(B) Mothers giving birth prematurely are routinely
classified by hospitals as having received
inadequate prenatal care when the record of
that care is not available.---------------------------------This works to weaken the conclusion, since mothers who have normal weight babies are actually justified to receive inadequate care.
(C) The hospital records indicate that low birth
weight babies were routinely classified as
having been born prematurely.---------------------------This only mentions baby itself, it doesn't help to weaken the conclusion.
(D) Some babies not born prematurely, whose
mothers received adequate prenatal care,
have low birth weights.------------------------------------support the conclusion.
(E) Women who receive adequate prenatal care are
less likely to give birth prematurely than are
women who do not receive adequate prenatal
care.-----------------------------------------------------------A推B可以，但是非A推非B好像就不对了吧。

恩，看来我的理解是正确的，B的区别在于说的是all mothers，所以samples全部涵盖了，这样就变得更有力了。
E的选项解释看的不是很清晰阿， If anything, this answer strengthens the argument since it shows that adequate prenatal care has a powerful positive effect.好像正好说反了吧/
E明明说的是有恰当的care的妇女比没有受到恰当care的妇女更少的give birth prematurely.这样怎么会support conclusion？bible解释错了吧~~~

-- by 会员 fox0923 (2011/12/5 22:13:40)

糊糊，你的问题正好是我预测的想法，conclusion 是 care 和birth weight的关系吧，但是文章还提了Premature 所以答案应该是这三者得关系，E我预测正确选项的取非，better care-->Less birth prematurely-->less low birth weight.

fox0923

沙发，坐稳~~

---------------------------------------------------
精练--------------------42s----------------------weakenP: The baby born non-prematurely would suffer low weight than baby born prematurely.
P: The women who don't have adequate prenatal care would have low weight baby than those who have adequate prenatal care.
C: Therefore, adequate prenatal care can prevent risk of low weight baby.
Prephrase: Women with adequate prenatal care can still have low weight baby because of other accidents.
Analysis:
(A) The hospital records indicate that many babies
that are born with normal birth weights are
born to mothers who had inadequate prenatal
care.----------------------------------------------------------this can be the contender, but the argument does not state that mothers with inadequate prenatal cannot have normal birth weight babies. 它只说more likely。
(B) Mothers giving birth prematurely are routinely
classified by hospitals as having received
inadequate prenatal care when the record of
that care is not available.---------------------------------This works to weaken the conclusion, since mothers who have normal weight babies are actually justified to receive inadequate care.
(C) The hospital records indicate that low birth
weight babies were routinely classified as
having been born prematurely.---------------------------This only mentions baby itself, it doesn't help to weaken the conclusion.
(D) Some babies not born prematurely, whose
mothers received adequate prenatal care,
have low birth weights.------------------------------------support the conclusion.
(E) Women who receive adequate prenatal care are
less likely to give birth prematurely than are
women who do not receive adequate prenatal
care.-----------------------------------------------------------A推B可以，但是非A推非B好像就不对了吧。

恩，看来我的理解是正确的，B的区别在于说的是all mothers，所以samples全部涵盖了，这样就变得更有力了。
E的选项解释看的不是很清晰阿， If anything, this answer strengthens the argument since it shows that adequate prenatal care has a powerful positive effect.好像正好说反了吧/
E明明说的是有恰当的care的妇女比没有受到恰当care的妇女更少的give birth prematurely.这样怎么会support conclusion？bible解释错了吧~~~

-- by 会员 fox0923 (2011/12/5 22:13:40)

糊糊，你的问题正好是我预测的想法，conclusion 是 care 和birth weight的关系吧，但是文章还提了Premature 所以答案应该是这三者得关系，E我预测正确选项的取非，better care-->Less birth prematurely-->less low birth weight.

-- by 会员 balapupu (2011/12/6 18:57:26)

对的，如果按照E的bible解释的话，应该是better care-->normal baby weight.
这个问题，要不然拿到晚上问问？

风无衣

【精炼1-17】
weaken_37s
premise:babies born prematurely were more likely to have low birth weights and to suffer from diseases than babies not born prematurely.
mother have adequate prenatal care were less likely to have low birth weight babies than mother have inadequate prenatal care.
conclusion:adequate prenatal care significantly decreases the risk of low birth weight babies.
(A) The hospital records indicate that many babies
that are born with normal birth weights are
born to mothers who had inadequate prenatal
care.——correct
(B) Mothers giving birth prematurely are routinely
classified by hospitals as having received
inadequate prenatal care when the record of
that care is not available.——it indicates that adequate prenatal care is the determinant factor about the weight of newborn baby. it has no effect on this issue.
(C) The hospital records indicate that low birth
weight babies were routinely classified as
having been born prematurely.——has no effect on this issue.
(D) Some babies not born prematurely, whose
mothers received adequate prenatal care,
have low birth weights.——some babies...does not mean that adequate prenatal care cannot significantly decreases the risk of low birth weight babies.
(E) Women who receive adequate prenatal care are
less likely to give birth prematurely than are
women who do not receive adequate prenatal
care.——support

额~又选错鸟~
我窃以为A项many已经可以说明样本问题了呀~啧啧~贴解释吧~
Answer choice (A): The conclusion specifically states that mothers who had received adequate prenatal
care were less likely to have low birth weight babies than mothers who had received inadequate prenatal
care. Thus, although mothers who received inadequate prenatal care have a higher likelihood of having
low birth weight babies, this likelihood still allows for many babies to be born of normal weight. In a later
chapter we will explore the ways the LSAT uses numbers and statistics to confuse test takers, but for now,
consider this analogy: The Detroit Tigers are more likely to lose a baseball game than any other team, but
even so, they can still win a number of games. In the same way, the aforementioned mothers may be more
likely to have low birth weight babies, but they can still give birth to babies of normal weight. Hence,
answer choice (A) does not attack the argument.
Answer choice (B): This is the correct answer. The answer choice falls into the category of “Showing a
statistical problem exists with the data used to make the causal statement.” By indicating that all mothers
without prenatal care records are automatically classified as mothers receiving inadequate prenatal care, the
answer undermines the relationship in the argument because the data used to make the conclusion is
unreliable.
看B项的思路都有问题~（1）B项说的是当没有care的记录时，将早产的妈妈直接划为inadequate care。实际上baby的low weight是由早产导致的，而不是care的问题~这也就weaken结论，说明adequate care与low weight babies无关~或者说不能significantly influence。（2）样本有效性问题~
weaken题目的又一思路：data uesd to make the conclusion is unreliable.（引起重视~）

leewonting

Medical researcher: As expected, records covering the last four years of ten major hospitals indicate that babies born prematurely were more likely to have low birth weights and to suffer from health problems than were babies not born prematurely. These records also indicate that mothers who had received adequate prenatal care were less likely to have low birth weight babies than were mothers who had received inadequate prenatal care. Adequate prenatal care, therefore, significantly decreases the risk of low birth weight babies.
Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the medical researcher’s argument?
(A) The hospital records indicate that many babies that are born with normal birth weights are born to mothers who had inadequate prenatal care.
(B) Mothers giving birth prematurely are routinely classified by hospitals as having received inadequate prenatal care when the record of that care is not available.
(C) The hospital records indicate that low birth weight babies were routinely classified as having been born prematurely.
(D) Some babies not born prematurely, whose mothers received adequate prenatal care, have low birth weights.
(E) Women who receive adequate prenatal care are less likely to give birth prematurely than are women who do not receive adequate prenatal care.
背景：Records covering the last 4 years of ten hospitals indicate that babies born prematurely were more likely to have low birth weights and to suffer from health problems than were babies not born prematurely.
条件：Records also indicate that mothers who have adequate prenatal care would less likely to have low weights babies than the mothers have inadequate prenatal care.
结论：Adequate prenatal care significantly decreases the risk of low birth weight babies.
推测：有相同程度prenatal care的妈妈，还是会生出low weights的babies
选D
应该选B，This is the correct answer. The answer choice falls into the category of “Showing a statistical problem exists with the data used to make the causal statement.” By indicating that all mothers without prenatal care records are automatically classified as mothers receiving inadequate prenatal care, the answer undermines the relationship in the argument because the data used to make the conclusion is unreliable.
即使如D所示，但是不weaken题目，因为即使没有得到足够prenatal care的妈妈能够生出正常体重的宝宝，但是more这个意思还是不能削弱。

88
背景：Sales of telephones have increased dramatically over the last year.
条件：In order to take advantage of this increase, Mammoth Industries plans to expand production of its own model of telephone which has been advertised extensively.
结论：FAILED
推测：公司的手机的销售已经达到最高峰
选E


89
Bank depositors in the United States are all financially protected against bank failure because the government insures all individuals' bank deposits. An economist argues that this insurance is partly responsible for the high rate of bank failures, since it removes from depositors any financial incentive to find out whether the bank that holds their money is secure against failure. If depositors were more selective, then banks would need to be secure in order to compete for depositors' money.
The economist's argument makes which of the following assumptions?
(A) Bank failures are caused when big borrowers default on loan repayments.
(B) A significant proportion of depositors maintain accounts at several different banks.
(C) The more a depositor has to deposit, the more careful he or she tends to be in selecting
a bank.
(D) The difference in the interest rates paid to depositors by different banks is not a
significant factor in bank failures.
(E) Potential depositors are able to determine which banks are secure against failure.
背景：Bank depositors in US are financially protected by government.
条件：An economist argues that this insurance is partly responsible for the high rate of bank failures, since it removes from depositors any financial incentive to find out a decent bank to deposit the money.
结论：If the depositors were more selective, the banks will fight for deposits and develop.
推测：FOLLOWING
选C
应该选E
如果存款人不能分析出哪个银行好或坏，那么银行不需要做出改变，因为不会因为银行不行，存款人就不选择银行。

90
背景：A drug that is highly effective in treating many types of infection can be obtained only from the bark of the ibora, a tree that is quite rare in the wild.
条件：It takes much of the bark to produce the drugs.
结论：Therefore, continued production of the drug must inevitably lead to the ibora’s extinction.
推测：maybe the trees can be planted 循环的
选D

Roxas605

精炼的作对了，用的他因导致。

但是65的手机做错了，检查发现，E项也很有问题啊，完全就是陈述weaken的结论。。。。。

很同意楼上的预测：

sales已经maximize了，更加好！

Roxas605

发现逻辑链每天都会有自己以前做过的，感觉很不好啊，做完这篇就回去刷feifei了。。。比较有历练一些，刷完再回来继续小分队咯～！！嚯嚯～

sherryli

Question1:                      
Premise: From records, babies born prematurely were more likely to have low birth weights & health problems; mothers who received adequate prenatal care are less likely to have low birth weight babies
Conclusion: adequate prenatal care significantly decrease the risk of low birth weight babies--- How to weaken the conclusion? If we prove low birth weight babies are not caused by the inadequate prenatal care?
A.    Irrelevant.  Relationship between normal birth weights and inadequate prenatal care is irrelevant
B.    Correct. 当没有照顾记录的时候，早产的母亲通常被医院划分为没有受到充分的照顾。说明不是真的因为没有受到充分照顾，所以早产，可以因为其他原因导致早产，导致婴儿过轻。
C.    Irrelevant.  
D.    一些没有早产的婴儿（妈妈受到充分的照顾）也是过轻—只是some,不能解释全部
E.    一定程度上支持

其他的题都是做过的了~

FB小贝

4. Medical researcher: As expected, records covering
the last four years of ten major hospitals
indicate that babies born prematurely were
more likely to have low birth weights and to
suffer from health problems than were babies
not born prematurely. These records also
indicate that mothers who had received
adequate prenatal care were less likely to have
low birth weight babies than were mothers who
had received inadequate prenatal care.
Adequate prenatal care, therefore, significantly
decreases the risk of low birth weight babies.
Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the
medical researcher’s argument?
(A) The hospital records indicate that many babies
that are born with normal birth weights are
born to mothers who had inadequate prenatal
care.
(B) Mothers giving birth prematurely are routinely
classified by hospitals as having received
inadequate prenatal care when the record of
that care is not available.
(C) The hospital records indicate that low birth
weight babies were routinely classified as
having been born prematurely.
(D) Some babies not born prematurely, whose
mothers received adequate prenatal care,
have low birth weights.
(E) Women who receive adequate prenatal care are
less likely to give birth prematurely than are
women who do not receive adequate prenatal
care.

B

spencerX

【精练】
Premise:
Babies born prematurely→ low birth weights& suffer from health problems
Mothers who had received adequate prenatal care were less likely to have low birth weight babies
Conclusion: adequate prenatal care→ decrease the risk of low birth weight babies
Pre: ？
Analysis:
A.    结论的逆命题为假，不能证明结论也为假，即结论被weaken
B.    Correct！If the record is not accurate, then we cannot get the conclusion form the premise, thus the argument will be weakened.
C.    Irrelevant
D.    This statement actually supports the argument
E.    This statement supports the argument.

【逻辑链】
65.
Background
Sales of telephones haves increased significantly.
Premise:
Expand production of its own model& continuing its already very extensive advertising
Conclusion: Make profit through the increase of tel. sales.
Pre: People don’t like M’s own model, or the cost of advertising is far more than the profit.
Analysis:
A.    Irrelevant
B.    Irrelevant
C.    Irrelevant
D.    Irrelevant
E.    Correct. This statement indicates that people already do not like the telephones made by M, so it is reasonable to infer that whatever M do cannot boost the profit.

66.
Background: 美国银行都有保证，因为政府保障每个个人的银行存款
Premise：
因为insurance使储户不去想他们的存款是否安全，所以insurance导致了银行的高失败率
Conclusion：储户更加selective→ 为了竞争客户银行将会更加安全
Pre：储户可以选出安全的银行。
Analysis:
A.    Irrelevant
B.    Irrelevant
C.    Irrelevant
D.    Irrelevant
E.    Correct！

67.
Background：effective drugs are obtained from the bark of the i(rare)
Premise:
5000 trees --- one kg of the drug
Conclusion: continued production of the drug must inevitably lead to the I’ s extinction.
Pre: 没有继续生产还是导致了i的灭绝；可以用别的方法获得drugs
A.    Irrelevant
B.    Irrelevant, what we talk about is the number of the trees, not the value of the drugs.
C.    Irrelevant
D.    Correct
E.    Irrelevant

68.
Background:
Manufacturers sometimes discount the price of a product to retailers for a promotion period when the product is advertised to consumers.
Premise:
Such promotions often result in a dramatic increase in amount of product sold by the manufacturers to retailers.
Conclusion:
The manufacturers could often make more profit by not holding the promotions.
Pre: 总收入下降
Analysis：
A.    Irrelevant
B.    Irrelevant
C.    Irrelevant
D.    Correct. 如果零售商卖的是原来的存货，那么现在的产品就没有办法卖给零售商，那么收入就不会上升，所以不采用这种promotion
E.    Opposite answer