【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-5】

iaoinging

第一篇：1， 39s
       2, Premise: all nations with a high tax on income have negative incentives for technological innovation, and have a fall behind technological innovation. Moreover, those nations wind up in a strategically disadvantageous position are destined to lose their voice in world affairs.
          Conclusion: a nation must set a income tax rate below 30% in order to maintain its value system and way of life.
       3, how the author get the 30% limits? Is this percent suit for every nation? Why the richer nation and needy nation have the same percent? How the author come to this conclusion?
       4, D
A，    无关选项。
B，    无关选项。
C，    这个选项是削弱文章的论据的，没有削弱其结论。
D，    通过指出论证与结论的不统一，得出结论的不合理性。
E，    无关选项。
看错题目！！！
第二篇：1， 46s
       2, Background: Urban air contains more sulfur dioxide than does rural air, and plants in cities typically grow more slowly than do plants in rural areas.
In an experiment, although classes in an urban and a rural school grew plants in greenhouses at their schools and filtered the greenhouse air to eliminate sulfur dioxide, plants in the urban greenhouse grew more slowly than those in the rural greenhouse.
      3, what factor may mostly influence the result of this experiment? Is the plant samples from different areas or same area?
      4, B
A, 无关选项，本来就是测量不同地区的SD对植物生长的影响。
B，虽然城市里的依然长的比较慢，可是如果他们的生长速度都有提高的话，那么证明SD对其是有影响的。
C，无关
D，无关
E，这个选项也有点像，但是因为文章中实验就是要把SD换出来，那么怎么换应该也对结论没有影响。
不懂不懂！！！
第三篇：1， 30s
       2, Background: many small roads do not have painted marking along their edges.
         remise: Painted marking will be a useful contribution to road safety.
         Result: the annual accident rate increased after Greaterwater County painted edge marking on all its narrow.
       3, is that because most drivers will pay less attention after there have edges?
       4, E
  A,无关
  B，无关
  C， 也是无关。题目问题应该是对这一现象的合理解释
  D，没有关系
  E，成功的解释了产生这一现象的可能性解释。CORRECT！

第四篇：1, 38s
       2, B: G has self-sufficient in both grain and meat. it takes several pounds of grain to produce one pound of meat.
P: as per capita income in Gortland has risen toward the world average, per capita consumption of meat has also risen toward the world average.
C: since per capita income continues to rise, whereas domestic grain production will not increase, Gortland will soon have to import either grain or meat or both.
      3, find the bridge between P and C. the question assume the high per capita income will result in the high per capita consumption of meat. Or when people increase their consumption on meat, they will not reduce their consumption on grain.
      4, E
  A, it doesn’t matter whether there are enough acreage devoted to grain production. It is irrelevant.
  B, it may be the result of the import of grain or meat, but it is irrelevant to the question
  C, irrelevant
  D, irrelevant
  E, correct. It explain the possible flaw that the demand of grain or meat will not increase.

第五篇：1，37s
       2, B: For years the beautiful Renaissance buildings in Palitito have been damaged by exhaust from the many tour buses that come to the city. There has been little parking space, so most buses have idled at the curb during each stop on their tour, and idling produces as much exhaust as driving.
         C: The city has now provided parking that accommodates a third of the tour buses, so damage to Palitito's buildings from the buses' exhaust will diminish significantly.
       3, Is the situation after the city provided parking better than before?
       4, C
    A，B,D,E 好像都是无关的

spencerX

精练
Premise
High tax→ fewer technological innovations→ lose arm in the world.
History: historical accident/ fool political leaders→ lose voice in world affair
Conclusion:
Maintain value system and way of life→ has a highest tax bracket to exceed 30 percent of income
Pre:
1.    tax: 30% percent of income--- not very high
2.    different scope: lose arm/ lose voice VS maintain value system and way of life
My answer: E
My analysis:
A.    If people can accept the tax higher than 30% of their income, then there may still be a lot of technological innovation, thus weaken the argument of the politician.
B.    If the tax is too high, then there will not be enough money for innovations, so the country cannot maintain value system and way of life.
C.    If the politician made an irrelevant analogy, then the premise he used is wrong, then the argument he made is also wrong.
D.    Irrelevant analogy lead to wrong premise, thus weaken the argument of the politician.
E.    Irrelevant to the argument, so it cannot weaken what the politician argued.

逻辑链：
1.
Background:
Urban SD> Rural SD; plants grow much slowly in urban areas than rural areas.
Classed in rural areas and urban areas grow plants in the greenhouses of their schools and eliminate the SD.
Premise:
In the experiment, plants in urban greenhouse grow slowly than in rural area greenhouse.
Conclusion:
The amount of SD is not relative to the growth rate of plants.
Pre: There is another way to produce SD…
My Answer：D
A. Irrelevant
B. Irrelevant
C. Irrelevant
D. ?
E. Irrelevant
这道题我是用排除法做的，可是不知道为什么D对啊？难道是因为SO2可以通过光产生？这里应该是这样，本来实验要评估的是二氧化硫对植物生长的影响，但最后发现没有影响。本来我觉得这个选项是无关，因为是要evaluate二氧化硫的作用。但是从另一方面来想。如果是有他因了，那么就可以判断so2没有什么用了，起到了evaluate的作用。

2.
Fact: Clear edge markings can do good to the traffic. Greatwater County painted edge markings on all its narrow, winding roads, but in fact there are more accidents than before.
Pre: When there are clear edge markings, drivers will be less careful than before.
My answer:
A. This may be the reason that this county should use clear edge markings, but it cannot explain the paradox.
B. Irrelevant.
C. This may also be the reason why the county should implement the makings, but this statement cannot explain the paradox.
D. What kind of accidents will happen is not relevant to the paradox.
E. Correct.

3.
Background：
Gortland has long been narrowly self-sufficient in both grain and meat.
capita income↑→meat consumption per capita↑
It takes several pounds of grain to produce one pound of meat.
Premise: per capita income continues to rise, whereas domestic grain production will not increase
Conclusion: Gortland will soon have to import either grain or meat or both.
Pre: Since there is no obvious gap between the premise and conclusion, the assumption I have to find is a Defender Type. But I cannot prephrase more.
My answer: E
A. Irrelevant
B. Irrelevant.
C. Irrelevant
D. Irrelevant
E. Correct. If people in G consume less grain, then there may still be enough grain to produce meat, if they don’t reduce the consumption, then the argument made by author will be justified.

4.
Background:
For years the beautiful Renaissance buildings in Palitito have been damaged by exhaust from the many tour buses that come to the city.
There has been little parking space, so most buses have idled at the curb during each stop on their tour, and idling produces as much exhaust as driving.
Premise：City has now provided parking that accommodates a third of the tour buses.
Conclusion：Damage to Palitito's buildings from the buses' exhaust will diminish significantly.
Pre：The other 2/3 buses will not emit more exhaust than before.
My answer:E
A. Out of Scope.
B. Irrelevant, because what we talk about here is “damage to P’s buildings form the buses’ exhause”
C. ?
D. Correct. If most tourists go to P by tour buses, then since there is enough place to park them, the exhausted emitted by them will be reduced.
E. Irrelevant

最后一题不明白啊？每次停靠的时间和最后排放的污染的多少有什么关系吗？我再想想…

卖红薯a

精练
5.
1)计时：47s
2)逻辑链Situation
Background information: The nations who place a high tax on income have negative influences on innovation which hampers the international arms race.
Premise: Those nations wind up in a strategically disadvantageous position will lead to lose voice in world affairs.
Conclusion: So if a nation wants to maintain its system and way of life, it must keep its tax from exceeding 30%.
3)推测: high tax  ≠ exceed 30%, high tax badly influence on military innovations  ≠ lose voice in world affairs
4)选项分析：选D
A.Irrelevant.
B.Irrelevant.
C.Irrelevant.
D.Right.
E.Irrelevant.

17.
1)计时：47s
2)逻辑链Situation
Background information: Urban air contains more sulfur dioxide than does rural air, and plants in cities grow more slowly than do plants in rural areas.
Premise: There’s an experiment studied on how much of the differences in growth is due to sulfur. Two classes from an urban school and a rural school grew their plants in green houses where were filtered with more clean air.
Conclusion: Plants in the urban greenhouse grew more slowly than those in the rural greenhouse.
3)推测: Though the air in greenhouse is filtered, there still has little sulfur in the air. So it must influence the plants growing somehow.
4)选项分析：选D
A. Opposite.
B. Irrelevant.
C. Irrelevant.
D. Right.
E. Opposite.

18.
1)计时：44s
2)逻辑链Situation
Background information: Clear edge markings of small roads would be easier for drivers to see the roads, and would be much safer.
Premise: GC painted all their narrow roads’ edges with markings.
Conclusion: The annual accident rate along those roads increased slightly.
3)推测: With those markings on the roads, drivers are hardly see the roads clearly, and then it leads to more accidences.
4)选项分析：选D
A. Irrelevant.
B. Irrelevant.
C. Irrelevant. The main point has nothing to do with other counties.
D. Right.
E. Opposite.

19.
1)计时：46s
2)逻辑链Situation
Background information: G has been narrowly self-sufficient in both grain and meat.
Premise: But their per capita income and per capita consumption have risen toward the world average, and it needs only few pounds of grain to produce one pound of meat.
Conclusion: So G will have to import either grain or meat or both if per capita income continues to rise when domestic grain production will not increase.
3)推测: assumption: G doesn’t import grain before, but now their grain self-production cannot satisfy their meat production.
4)选项分析：选D
A. Irrelevant. ?
B. Irrelevant.
C. Irrelevant.
D. Right.
E. Irrelevant.

20.
1)计时：38s
2)逻辑链Situation
Background information: R buildings have been damaged by exhaust from many tour buses.
Premise: Parking produce exhaust as much as driving from the buses since there has little parking space.
Conclusion: The city provided parking that accommodates 1/3 buses, so damage from buses’ exhaust will diminish significantly.
3)推测: People on the 1/3 buses will walk there to have a tour, and it means 1/3 buses will exhaust nothing while parking.
4)选项分析：选D
A. Irrelevant.
B. Irrelevant.
C. Irrelevant.
D. Right.
E. Opposite.

Shirley55555

1 55'' P: high income tax--tech innovation decline--nations would fall behind in international arm race. C: if want to maintain value system and way of life, income tax rate should not excess 30%.
        W: arm race does not mean value system and way of life.  Choose Birr  other weaken.
        正确答案：E

2  52'' P: SD is higher in urban than rural. plants grow slower in urban. C:an experiment shows even filter the SD, plants still grow slower.  
        E: nothing influence the SD in both places. choose E other irr.
        正确答案D 本来是评价题 结果看到E想成假设题，但其实假设也不对 没写结论阿 以后得看清楚题！

3  1'  : painting would lead accident. G paint all roads but accident increase slightly.
        C: painting荧光的 (但是这样accident下降阿？）choose C it explain the reason why it  increased slightly.
        正确答案 E 理解错了题意 T.T
4  43'' P income raise, meat consumption raise. grain production maintain. C:G would import
        A: grain consumption would not decrease.  choose E  

5 1' P: exhaust damage building. no parking place               C: if provide 1/3 parking place, damege of the building from exhaust would decline significiantly
       S:2/3 buses is high standard env protect buses.  choose C AB irr DE weaken.

baseboss

B:About tax on income
P:high tax on income will effect TI,TI effect the international force competitive.
C:in order to mantain the level on the world,maximum tax on income 30%
推测weaken
1.how high means high,30%?



(A) The top level of taxation must reach 45 percent
before taxation begins to deter inventors and
industrialists from introducing new
technologies and industries.
---weaken
(B) Making a great deal of money is an
insignificant factor in driving technological
innovation.
---weaken
(C) Falling behind in the international arms race
does not necessarily lead to a strategically
less advantageous position.
---weaken
(D) Those nations that lose influence in the world
community do not necessarily suffer from a
threat to their value system or way of life.
---weaken
(E) Allowing one’s country to lose its
technological edge, especially as concerns
weaponry, would be foolish rather than
merely a historical accident.
---right

2.
B:people want to know the effort of so2 to plant growing
p:plant grow in urban and countryside in the greenhouse without so2
c:same result
推测：
1 whether it is same plant seed,or same condition?
选B

3.
B：paint on the road edge.
p: Will help driver and increase safe level.
c: Accident increase slightly
推测：
1.Driver will drive faster than no edge painted.
选E

4
B：G-land self-sufficient on grain and meat.
p: income increase and comsumption in meat increase , several grain --> one meat ,grain not increase
c: income increase will let G-land improt meat or grain or both.
推测：
1.only grain not more things can make meat.
选E  B很有迷惑性 但是进口是结论以后的事，不是结论的前提条件。

5
B：exhaust from tour buses has damage to R building.
p: Little space for buses idled at the crub and exhaust more than driving.
C: Make parking space for a third of tour buses will decrease the exhaust.
推测：
When tour bus waiting on the crub is on not off.
The parking space is near to the R building that tour buses will stop there in lier of the curb near the R building.
选A

baseboss

你题目没看明白啊

Threesu

P:high tax will hamper the development of innovation, the low level of innovation will do harm to the arm race
C:If a country wanna keep its citizen safe, it should keep low tax.
A.Weaken
B.Irrelevant
C.Irrelevant
D.Irrelevant
E.Irrelevant
怎么我看哪个都感觉不相关

B:The amount of sulfur dioxide is more in urban area than that in rural area.
P:In the same situation of greenhouse condition of urban and rural area, plants grow slower in urban.
A.S
B.I
C.I
D.S
E.S C
做错了，看了答案之后知道D为什么对，题目里说sulfur dioxide已经全部被排出去了，所以无关了

B:Most little roads in A aren't painted markings.
P:V paint makings in it's narrow roads, so the car accident in these increase rapidly.
A.I
B.I
C.S
D.I
E.C

B: A has long be relied on its self-sufficient grain and meat.
P:As the average salary per capita raised in A, the people are in necessary of more meat-soon grain and meat are to be imported.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.防止有人说多吃肉就不种谷子，全换成肉，就不用进口了

B:For years, the B is damaged by exhaust of tour bus.
P:A parking lot which will acc
C:The exhaust which damages the B will diminish significantly.

二楼往下掉

1. 45s
Primes:
All nations that place a high tax on income negative effect on tech innovation—>fall back to arms race—>lose voice in world affairs
Conclusion：
if a country wants to maintain its value system and way of life, it must not allow its highest tax bracket to exceed 30% of income
（3）猜测
<1>举反例tax很高，但是国际地位也很高
<2>tax一直很低，但是国际地位不怎么样
<3>lose their voice in affairs≠不能maintain its value system and way of life

2. 45s
Sulfur dioxide: U air>R air
Plant grows speed: City P<Rural P
Experiment goal: to see the difference in growth is due to sulfur
Ways: filtered the greenhouse air to eliminate sulfur dioxide
Result: grow speed
urban P<rural P

3. 45s
<1> Clear edge markings seem to be a useful contribution to road safety.
<2> After Greatwater County painted edge markings on all its narrow, winding roads, the annual accident rate along those roads actually increased slightly.

4. 45s
Background:
Gortland has long been self-sufficient in both grain and meat.
Primes:
<1>Income per person increase.
<2>Meat consumption increase.
<3>Grain production doesn't increase.
Conclusion:
Gortland will import meat or grain.

5. 45s
Primes:
<1>buildings have been damaged by exhaust by tour buses.
<1>buses often idled and this produces as much exhaust as driving.
<3>the city provides parking place.
Conclusion:
Damage will diminish.
buses will park and spend less time idling.

emmasy

1.
backgroud:high tax——technological innovation is hampered——fall behind.
premise:if want to maintain its value system and way of life.
conclusion:do not let its highest tax bracket to exeed 30 percent of income.
a.weaken conclusion
b.weaken
c.weaken
d.weaken
e.irrevelant

backgroud:the plant in urban areas are growing more slowly than in rural areas. And the air contains more sulfur dioxide in urban areas than in rural areas.
premise: to see how much of the difference in growth is due to sulfur dioxide
experiment: classes in an urban and a rural school grew plants in greenhouses at their schools and filtered the greenhouse air to eliminate sulfur dioxide
result: Plants in the urban greenhouse grew more slowly than those in the rural greenhouse.
a.irrevelant
b.proved that the sulfur dioxide made the growth of the plant slow
c.irrevelant
d.irrevelant
e.irrevelant
正确答案应该与sulfur无关

3.
premise:edge marking——see upcoming curves and judge car's position——improve safety
result:accident rate increase.
a.irrevelant
b.irrevelant
c.irrevelant
d.irrevelant
e.explain

4.
backgroud：per capital income increases——per capital consumption of meat increases.grain can be uesed to produce meat.
premise: per capital income increases and grain production stays the same
conclusion:have to import meat or grain or both
a.repeat premise
b.irrevelant
c.irrevelant
d.irrevelant
e.explain

5.
background:buildings are damaged by exhaust from buses. Idling produces as much exhaust as driving
premise:a third of bus need not idle
conclusion:damage will decrease.
a.irrevelant
b.support. eliminating other possibilities.
c.irrevelant
d.irrevelant
e.backgroud

最后一题求解释~

jetyxo

1 35‘' 前提：一些国家由于对收入性所得课以重税，阻止了技术革新，导致其再国际竞争中日益落后
     结论：为了保持国家 value system and way of life，不因该使得税赋超过所得的30%
       问削弱except：A 削弱，45%，题目30%  B C D 断桥 E 无关

2  30“ 前提：城市空气中的二氧化硫含量高于农村，城市里树木生长较农村缓慢；研究者做了一个实验，分别将树木种在农村和城市的温室中，并过滤了温室中的二氧化硫，但发现在城市的树木依然比农村树木生长慢
    evaluate: 土壤中可能有二氧化硫影响树木生长   D 他因导致——光线

3  25’‘  很多小路没有画出标志线。标志线能够是驾驶者更好的看清路面情况尤其是视线不好的时候，于是政府把小路都划线了，却发现事故上升了，问原因？
    划线导致其他事件，使得事故上升   E 划线使原来夜间不敢走小路的司机开始走小路

4   25’‘  G国本来是粮食和肉自给自足，但是随着人们收入的提高，对肉的消费增加，而生产一公斤肉需要好几公斤粮食。随着人们收入不断提高，G过必须依靠进口粮食或肉来满足消费需求
     问假设：如果不需要进口就要维持平衡 ，那么只能是消费一公斤肉就减少消费对应的好几公斤粮食或者更多，反过来就是不会出现这种情况就必然依赖进口------E

5  32” 老建筑由于游客车辆增加排放的尾气遭到破坏。由于这里没有停车场，人们下车游览时车辆只能idle，idle时排放的尾气和行驶时一样多，为了减少污染政府建了停车场，能容纳3/4的车辆，这样污染将会大幅减少
  support: C  说大部分时间车都在idle中    AB削弱；DE无关