【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑5-15】【OG10】

fox0923

101.
P: The alteration in the indensity of light is the reason of biological change for every 24 hours.
C: There is much evidence to contradict the hypothesis.
S: There are other reasons to change the cycle.
A: E

(A) Human body temperature varies throughout the day, with the maximum occurring in the late afternoon and
the minimum in the morning.
--> this is caused by the light--support
(B) While some animals, such as the robin, are more active during the day, others, such as mice, show greater
activity at night.
--> we are talking about the human body here, but not the animals.
(C) When people move from one time zone to another, their daily biological rhythms adjust in a matter of days to
the periods of sunlight and darkness in the new zone.
--> support
(D) Certain single-cell plants display daily biological rhythms even when the part of the cell containing the
nucleus is removed.
--> irrelevant.
(E) Even when exposed to constant light intensity around the clock, some algae display rates of photosynthesis
that are much greater during daylight hours than at night.
-> weaken.

fox0923

102
P: The headache is caused by food allergy.
C: There must be other reasons besides the food allergy since headache still exists when people on diet.
W: The side-effect of food allergy still exists even after removed the food.
(A) Many common foods elicit an allergic response only after several days, making it very difficult to observe
links between specific foods patients eat and headaches they develop.
--> contender
(B) Food allergies affect many people who never develop the symptom of migraine headaches.--> we don't care how many ppl are allergic to food.
(C) Many patients report that the foods that cause them migraine headaches are among the foods that they
most enjoy eating.--> the food preference is irrelevant.
(D) Very few patients have allergic migraine reactions as children live migraine-free adult lives once they have
eliminated from their diets foods to which they have been demonstrated to be allergic.
--> support
(E) Very rarely do food allergies cause patients to suffer a symptom more severe than that of migraine
headaches.
--> other symptom is irrelevant here.

fox0923

103.
P: The innovation and technology within the bicycle are only interested by the racers.
C: Therefore, the racers are the only people who buy these bikes.
A: No other customers interested in these innovations besides these racers.
A: C


104.
P: The increase of 8% rate spending on research and development. however, the increase continues a downward trend since 1981.
C: Therefore, the tax credit of 25% did nothing to the research and development.
W:
(A) Business spending on research and development is usually directly proportional to business profits.--> in this case, it would decrease.
(B) Business spending for research and development in 1985 could not increase by more than 8.3%.-->this % is irrelevant, since there's no background info.
(C) Had the 1981 tax credit been set higher than 25%, business spending for research and development after
1981 would have increased more than it did.
(D) In the absence of the 25% tax credit, business spending for research and development after 1981 would not
have been substantially lower than it was.--> 这个选项没明白~不是说没有25%的时候，spending会在1981后比他原先的要高？怎么变成低了？
(E) Tax credits market for specific investments are rarely effective in inducing businesses to make those investments.--> this is to support the argument.

fox0923

105.
P: The save of medical expenses to 1/4 is required to have treatment for hypertension.
C: There is no economic treatment for hypertension.
W: A
(A) The many fatal strokes and heart attacks resulting from untreated hypertension cause insignificant medical
expenditures but large economic losses of other sorts.-->contender: 证明用在治疗上的一般都是不重要的医疗费用，所以不宜采用，这样就说明了不是因为没有economic treatment的问题了。
(B) The cost, per patient, of preventive treatment for hypertension would remain constant even if such treatment
were instituted on a large scale.--> support.
(C) In matters of health care, economic considerations should ideally not be dominant.--> support
(D) Effective prevention presupposes early diagnosis, and programs to ensure early diagnosis are costly. --> early diagnosis' cost is irrelevant.
(E) The net savings in medical resources achieved by some preventive health measures are smaller than the net losses attributable to certain other measures of this kind.--> savings are smaller than losses, that means there won't be economic treatment.

ugly5552000

101.background:as the biological fuctions of human and animals repeat every 24 hours, it is supposed that the alternation in the intensity of incident light controles the cycling of biological rhythms.however, there is much of exceptions to contradict the hypothesis.
answer: B

102.background:although it is believe that allergic food will cause headache to patients, the headache continues when the headache patients eliminate the allergic food from their diets,so there should be other causes of headache rather than allergic food.
answer:A

103.background:the bycicle manufacturer is consevertive to meet the technical demands of their products. The bycicle racers are the only people interest in the innovations and willing to pay for them. The autority of bycicle race is the one who decide whether the innovation is acceptable  in the standard race, which is a limit to the bycicle innovation.
answer:B

104.background:in 1981, the 25% tax credit was enacted in order to promote the spending on developement and research, but the increase ratio of spending on developement and research from 1980-1983 shows a downward trend, so the 25% tax credit is useless.
answer: C

105.background:treatment for hypertension reduces the expenses on preventing strokes and heart disease.However, the money so saved only accounts one fourth of the expenses need to treat the hypertension population. So in the economical point of view, there is no need to continue the preventative treatment for hypertension.
answer:C

小意达de花儿

101
前提：Biological functions vary in cycles that are repeated every 24 hours.
结论：Alternation in the intensity of incident light is the stimulus that controls these daily biological rhythms.
削弱：Without the light, the biological functions still repeated every 24 hours.
(A) Human body temperature varies throughout the day, with the maximum occurring in the late afternoon and the minimum in the morning.[本选项light不是变量，afternoon&morning—都有light]
(B) While some animals, such as the robin, are more active during the day, others, such as mice, show greater activity at night.[与动物种类无关]
(C) When people move from one time zone to another, their daily biological rhythms adjust in a matter of days to the periods of sunlight and darkness in the new zone.[Support]
(D) Certain single-cell plants display daily biological rhythms even when the part of the cell containing the nucleus is removed.[nucleus无关]
(E) Even when exposed to constant light intensity around the clock, some algae display rates of photosynthesis that are much greater during daylight hours than at night.[Bingo]

小意达de花儿

102
Migraine headaches are believed to be caused by food allergies.
转折：Put patients on diet that eliminates those foods that making patients have allergic reactions does not stop headaches.
Conclusion：There must be some other reasons cause migraine headaches.
(A) Many common foods elicit an allergic response only after several days, making it very difficult to observe links between specific foods patients eat and headaches they develop.[Bingo]
(B) Food allergies affect many people who never develop the symptom of migraine headaches.[irrelevant]
(C) Many patients report that the foods that cause them migraine headaches are among the foods that they most enjoy eating.[irrelevant to food preference]
(D) Very few patients have allergic migraine reactions as children live migraine-free adult lives once they have eliminated from their diets foods to which they have been demonstrated to be allergic.[irrelevant to age]
(E) Very rarely do food allergies cause patients to suffer a symptom more severe than that of migraine headaches.[irrelevant to how severe a allergic reaction is]

小意达de花儿

103
是OG的么，做过的题啊
Only bicycle racers are interested in and willing to pay for bicycle manufacture innovation.
Conclusion: innovation in BT is limited by what authorities will accept as standard for purpose of competition in bicycle races.
(A) The market for cheap, traditional bicycles cannot expand unless the market for high-performance competition bicycles expands.[cheap B & H-P C B irrelevant]
(B) High-performance bicycles are likely to be improved more as a result of technological innovations developed in small workshops than as a result of technological innovations developed in major manufacturing concerns.[irrelevant]
(C) Bicycle racers do not generate a strong demand for innovations that fall outside what is officially recognized as standard for purposes of competition.[Bingo]
(D) The technological conservatism of bicycle manufacturers results primarily from their desire to manufacture a product that can be sold without being altered to suit different national markets.[irrelevant with different national markets]
(E) The authorities who set standards for high-performance bicycle racing do not keep informed about innovative bicycle design.[Weaken]

小意达de花儿

104
The R&D in 1984 increased 8% over the 1983 level. This increase is a downward trend evident since 1981.
Conclusion: the 25% tax credit enacted in 1981 did little or nothing on promoting spending on R&D
(A) Business spending on research and development is usually directly proportional to business profits.[Irrelevant]
(B) Business spending for research and development in 1985 could not increase by more than 8.3%.[irrelevant]
(C) Had the 1981 tax credit been set higher than 25%, business spending for research and development after 1981 would have increased more than it did.[Weaken]
(D) In the absence of the 25% tax credit, business spending for research and development after 1981 would not have been substantially lower than it was.[Weaken]
(E) Tax credits market for specific investments are rarely effective in inducing businesses to make those investments.[Bingo]

小意达de花儿

105
The saved amounts only 1/4 of expenditures required to treat the H
Conclusion: There is no economic justification for preventive treatment for H
(A) The many fatal strokes and heart attacks resulting from untreated hypertension cause insignificant medical expenditures but large economic losses of other sorts.[Bingo]
(B) The cost, per patient, of preventive treatment for hypertension would remain constant even if such treatment were instituted on a large scale.[Support]
(C) In matters of health care, economic considerations should ideally not be dominant.[但是结论是：in economic consideration]
(D) Effective prevention presupposes early diagnosis, and programs to ensure early diagnosis are costly.[Irrelevant]
(E) The net savings in medical resources achieved by some preventive health measures are smaller than the net losses attributable to certain other measures of this kind.[Support]