月度JJ第八篇考古（乌鸦）Raven，找到类似原文（在附件中）更新！

dreamistrue

太牛了，那个图上的就是 JJ考古里说的实验中乌鸦为了吃到肉而做的那一系列吃肉的动作啊！！谢谢LZ!!!

crusaderma

你太给力了！

ｒｅｄｄｙ

顶起啊

yanwang1018

半阙

这是个大牛辈出的时代。。。

ryk1120

up

arete

shizaitainiule !

xianzheng08

cl409454429

哪几段是的啊

XYXB

我看了一下，应该不是原文，因为整个文章在讲科学家的几个实验，中间没有涉及反驳，但是JJ里面第1段和第3段提到的乌鸦吃肉的实验都有提及，可以作为背景知识补充，以下几段可以重点关注，其余的篇幅基本与JJ无关啦：
Which leads us to ask; do corvids rely on logic to solve problems or are they relying on instinct? Do corvids distinguish between each other and alter their behaviors accordingly? To more precisely determine the mental capacities of ravens, the largest of the corvids, Heinrich and Bugnyar designed several tests. The first experiment consisted of food hanging from a string below the bottom of the wire cage (pictured right, bigger). To get this treat, the bird had to reach down from a perch and grasp the string in its beak, pull up on the string, place the loop of string on the perch, step on this looped segment of string to prevent it from slipping down, then let go of the string and reach down again and repeat its actions until the morsel of food was within reach.

But was it logic that the birds relied on to solve this problem? The authors assert that, basically, knowing how to do something requires few or no trials, whereas trial-and-error learning requires no logic. In fact, it was possible that the birds were rewarded by having the meat become closer with each looping behavior. So as a result, the authors designed another experiment to find out how the birds were solving the problem by presenting them with a situation that was not immediately rewarding because it was counter-intuitive: a string that must be pulled down to cause the food to move upwards towards the bird (pictured left, bigger).
In this situation, the ravens were still interested in the food but none of them managed to solve the problem of obtaining it even though they would have had to use the same sequence of actions. The authors concluded that the pull-up method of obtaining the meat was mastered quickly because it was logical -- a capacity that is lacking or present only to a limited extent in most animals.


另外，此篇文章的结论是乌鸦具有逻辑思维能力，但是考试的文章最后是怎样定论的还需临场读一下