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JJ第60篇,“Grain dust ”的资料。楼主可以补充进去哈~
The nongaseousinterstellar matter exists in the form of tiny solid particles calledinterstellar grains or dust. The grains are believed to be elongated in shape,and aligned with the magnetic field; they are believed to contain graphite orsilicate material as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The cloudsobscure the view of the galaxy in certain directions, particularly in thedirection of the galactic center. They polarize and selectively scatter the starlight passing throughthem; blue light is scattered more than red light so that stars partiallyobscured by interstellar matter appear redder than their true color.Since the distances and intrinsic luminosities of many stars are estimated fromanalysis of their spectra, this effect, called interstellar reddening, has beenresponsible for errors in calculating the distances and luminosities of thesestars. Dust exists indiffuse form throughout the interstellar medium. In this diffuse form each dustgrain typically occupies the volume of a cube the length of a football field oneach side (one million cubic meters). We detect this diffuse interstellar dustby the extinction and reddening of starlight. The dust grains block starlight, creating extinction, andthey also preferentially block blue light over red light, causing reddening.Stars therefore appear redder in color than they otherwise would. Thisextinction and reddening is similar to the effect that makes sunsets red, especiallyover a smoggy city.
We can see dustgrains more directly in dense regions, that is, in interstellar clouds. Twotypes of clouds showing the effects of dust are dark clouds and reflectionnebulae. We see dark clouds by their effect on background stars. They block thelight from stars behind the cloud, so we see a region of the sky with very fewstars. Reflection nebulae are dust clouds located near a star or stars. Theyshine with reflected light from the nearby stars, and are blue in color becausethe grains selectively reflect blue light. |
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