昨天搜到一个关于虚拟语气的帖子，里边有一题很蹊跷啊，同志们帮忙看看： GWD-9-Q19: （★这是不是虚拟？是什么虚拟的什么情况？不是虚拟为什么If后要用过去时？） In many nations, criminal law does not apply to corporations, but in the United Stated today, a corporation commits a crime whenever one of its employees commits a crime, if the employee acted within the scope of his or her authority and if the corporation benefited as a result. A. a corporation commits a crime whenever one of its employees commits a crime, if the employee acted B. a corporation is committing a crime whenever one of its employees committed a crime, if those employees were acting C. corporations commit a crime whenever one of its employees does, on the condition that the employee acts D. corporations commit crimes whenever an employee of those corporations commit a crime, if it was while acting E. the corporation whose employees commit a crime, commits a crime, whenever the employee acted Answer:[A] 原帖是虚拟语气的总结：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-290664-1-1.html?extparms=ThreadCatalogID%3d62%26page%3d1
现在不知道虚拟语气是咋回事儿嘛，便钻一下牛角。 再看原帖中另一题： 例6) Q14: （表推测的虚拟语气） Not one of the potential investors is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement is signed that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were not to be concluded. A.is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement is signed that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were B is expected to make an offer for buying First Interstate Bank until they sign a merger agreement including a provision for penalties if the deal was C. is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement be signed by them with a provision for penalties if the deal were D.are expected to make an offer for buying First Interstate Bank until it signs a merger agreement with a provision for penalties included if the deal was E are expected to be making an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until they sign a merger agreement including a provision for penalties if the deal were Answer: A 以上情况是虚拟语气，具体说叫＂推测条件句＂中的虚拟． 虚拟语气：把动作当作一种只存在于讲话人想象中的＂假设＂或者＂推测＂，而不是当作客观现实中的真实事件． 推测条件句的结构： １、if subject +动词过去式 ２、if subject +should +动词原形 ３、if subject +were to do 本句属于３ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ＂推测条件句＂中的虚拟,跟上一题一样，条件从句用过去时或者were to do, 主句用一般现在。看来这就是一种虚拟语法用法？
Manhattan的IF THEN结构。里面说的是GMAT考试基本在这个5种里面，我做OG的时候，用下面5种基本是够用了 If then construction 1. General rule with no uncertain If A eats B, then A becomes ill 结构：If present, then present。 主从都是一般现在时 2. General rule with some uncertain If A eats B, then A may become ill I结构：If present, then can or may 主从都是一般现在时，但主句加了表示可能的情态动词 3. articular case(in the future) with no uncertain If A eats B tomorrow, then A will become ill 结构：If present, then future 从句是是一般现在时，主句是一般将来时 4. Unlikely case (in the future） If A ate B tomorrow, then A would become ill If hypothetical subjunctive, then conditional 从句是虚拟假设，主句是表示发生的条件 5. Case that never happened (in the past ) If A had eaten B yesterday, then A would have become ill If past perfect, then conditional perfect. 从句是had done,主句是would have done
Note ; the helping verbs would and should never go in the if part of the sentence! 这个note很关键，would 和should基本不出现在if 从句那一端
其中结构4是虚拟，表示对未来的假设（动词出现的概率非常小，unlikely） if i were a bird tomorrow, i would fly
以及结构5也是虚拟，表示对过去的假设（该动词never happened） If I had started preparing GMAT last year, I would have passed the GMAT
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发表于 2011-10-31 22:20:19
articular case(in the future) with no uncertain