月度第舞篇 螞蟻兩階段，已確認考古！

stevenchen1982

感謝四樓ftdonnaf前輩確認！

螞蟻生活習性 scratte (V42) 7/1
第一段：某螞蟻有個特殊的生活習性：某段時間被稱為satary （反正就是static的意思）phase，螞蟻們都蟄伏在家；然後會集體乾坤大挪移，稱為nomadic phase。傳統的觀點認為，螞蟻們這樣做是因為食物吃光了，民以食為天，所以要搬家，forage。但是新的證據表明，螞蟻們搬家還有個原因，就是biological cycle。
第二段：具體闡述螞蟻在satary和nomadic兩個階段的過程和表現。一般是蟻后產卵，然後在靜止階段的最後一天，小螞蟻開始孵化，然後一部分長成了青年螞蟻，開始搬家，要搬很多東西，蟲卵啊，半大小子啊，等等，這就是nomadic階段。科學家發現，如果把這些最早的青年螞蟻抓走，nomadic階段就會遲遲不出現。
題目還可以，但是好像細節考得比較多。

考古 感謝nowwsy！7/1
【版本2】03/11 VERBAL碰上兩道機經閱讀，一個螞蟻那個。
第一段說螞蟻分兩種習性，不冬眠的時候怎樣怎樣，冬眠的時候怎樣怎樣。
第二段解釋說螞蟻這種習性可能是跟它生在什麼時候有關係，蟻后生很多小螞蟻幼蟲，有的在不冬眠的時候發展成大螞蟻，就變成了類似工兵螞蟻，可能是，有的在冬眠的時候發育，就變成什麼什麼螞蟻。文章不長，但是生詞很多，看著暈。題目有一道推斷題，問第二段說如果工兵螞蟻不在不冬眠的時候發育會變成什麼樣。

1.問primary purpose。 JJ作者的答案：注意，第一段有提到一個earlier observation, 作者對這個是做了補充，而非反駁或什麼的. 所以選項選有supplement 的那一項
2.文章最後一句話高光，問目的。JJ作者：是講ant 完成nomatic phrase後會到達steery, 選項裡有一項是evidence to support the conclusion that nomatic period is linked to reproductive cycle. JJ中沒有提到的關鍵字：nomatic period is linked with reproductive cycle.這是作者在第一段末尾說的
3.是nomatic phase 和stetery 期間ant 行為的比較，主要在第二段定位。我做時有點暈。有pupae,好像是這詞，我也不知道是什麼意思

有益補充：google 出來的 有點像  裡面還有說SP和NP兩個階段   大家可以搜一下
Nomadic behavior of the army ant Neivamyrmex nigrescens was studied in a desert-grassland habitat. Six colonies were followed through eight nomadic phases (94 nomadic days) while direction and distance of emigrations, growth of larvae, number of adults and larvae per colony were determined.

In all colonies, the nomadic phase began when newly enclosed adults and small larvae were present, and ended when the larvae were fully grown. Average emigration distance was positively related to number of larvae in the colony. These findings support Schneirla's theory that brood stimulation is a proximate cause of the nomadic phase.
Failures to emigrate were equally likely at all points in the nomadic phase, and there was no systematic increase in emigration distance as the phase progressed. These findings do not support Schneirla's version of brood-stimulative theory.

Number of adults per colony was positively related to the directionality of the nomadic phase; however, both the direction and distance of emigrations varied unpredictably from one nomadic day to the next, in marked contrast to predictions from optimal foraging theory.

Schneirla's theory is useful in predicting phase differences in colony behavior, but it does not account for characteristics such as frequency, direction, or distance of emigrations within the nomadic phase. These aspects of nomadic behavior are more closely related to characteristics of the habitat such as prey density and availability of nest sites. Army ant nomadism in this habitat may depart from the optimum because of high prey density, small colony size, or lack of nesting sites.

有益補充2：螞蟻那篇，有解釋 statary phase, 湊合著用！（感謝黃GG）
Eciton army ants have a bi-phasic lifestyle where they alternate between a nomadic phase and a stationary stage. In the stationary or statary phase ('statary' is an old English word meaning "to stand in place"), which lasts about three weeks, the ants remain in the same location every night. They make a nest out of their own bodies, protecting the queen and her eggs in the middle. This temporary home is known as a bivouac. In the nomadic phase the ants move their entire colony to a new location nearly every night for two weeks.
When the ants first enter the statary phase, the queen's body swells massively and she lays as many as 250,000 eggs in less than a week. While the eggs mature, the ants swarm with less frequency and intensity. When the eggs hatch, the excitement caused by the increased activity of the larvae causes the colony to enter the nomadic phase. The colony swarms much more intensely and nearly every day, and the ants move to a new location every night. After two weeks, around the time when the larvae begin to pupate, the colony again enters the statary phase, and the cycle begins anew (Schneirla, 1971).

小情歌璇

楼主V5

Miley0119

顶LZ!

tracyn

这么多考古为什么木有人来确认啊~~~~

ftdonnaf

就这篇阿考到的

41394437

哇塞 又被确认了！！  楼主快来改标题~~

didai1314

V5!

豆泥

那个“半大小子”简直笑死人啦！在苦闷的备考中有这样幽默的词语出现~多谢啦！