黑体Newton - Leibniz

one1day

Historian: Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern calculus. Leibniz developed closely analogous concepts and techniques.  It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent.  Researchers have, however, recently discovered notes of Leibniz’ that discuss one of Newton’s books on mathematics.  Several scholars have argued that since the book includes a presentation of Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques, and since the notes were written before Leibniz’ own development of calculus conceptsand techniques, it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false.  A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however.  Leibniz’ notes are limited to early sections of Newton’s book, sections that precede the onesin which Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques are presented.

In the historian’s reasoning, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

A.    The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is evidence that has been used to support an opposing position.

B.    The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is that position.

C.    The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawn to provide support for the overall position that the historian defends; the second provides evidence against that intermediate conclusion.

D.    The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is evidence offered in support of the historian’s own position.

E.    The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is further information that substantiates that evidence.

GWD的答案是D
求说明！谢谢！

houhaibo528

我认为这个题目有如下历程。
首先是个旧观点 It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent。
接下来出现了however，即 新观点一 出现，it is virtually certain that the traditional view（ above) is false. 前面的黑体字是   evidence to support it.
最后出现了 A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however间接表达了对 新观点一 的不满意和批评，引出了接下来的新观点二。

Historian: Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern calculus. Leibniz developed closely analogous concepts and techniques.  It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent.  Researchers have, however, recently discovered notes of Leibniz’ that discuss one of Newton’s books on mathematics.  Several scholars have argued that since the book includes a presentation of Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques, and since the notes were written before Leibniz’ own development of calculus conceptsand techniques, it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false.  A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however.  Leibniz’ notes are limited to early sections of Newton’s book, sections that precede the onesin which Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques are presented.

In the historian’s reasoning, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

A.    The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is evidence that has been used to support an opposing position.

B.    The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is that position.

C.    The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawn to provide support for the overall position that the historian defends; the second provides evidence against that intermediate conclusion.

D.    The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is evidence offered in support of the historian’s own position.

E.    The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is further information that substantiates that evidence.

GWD的答案是D
求说明！谢谢！

-- by 会员 one1day (2011/9/2 21:55:50)