求助两道不是很明白的逻辑题··

mia113

Newspaper editorial:

In an attempt to reduce the crime rate, the governor is getting tough on criminals and making prison conditions harsher.Part of this effort has been to deny inmates the access they formerly had to college-level courses.However, this action is clearly counter to the governor’s ultimate goal, since after being released form prison, inmates who had taken such courses committed far fewer crimes overall than other inmates.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A.Not being able to take college-level courses while in prison is unlikely to deter anyone from a crime that he or she might otherwise have committed.

B.Former inmates are no more likely to commit crimes than are members of the general population.

C.The group of inmates who chose to take college-level courses were not already less likely than other inmates to commit crimes after being released.

D.Taking high school level courses in prison has less effect on an inmate’s subsequent behavior than taking college-level courses does.

E.The governor’s ultimate goal actually is to gain popularity by convincing people that something effective is being done about crime.
答案选C，

自己的思路是：BDE无关选项 排除，AC因为是necessary assumption所以negate :
A:
Not being able to take college-level courses is likely to deter anyone from a crime that he or she might otherwise have committed.
Or
being able to take college-level courses while in prison is unlikely to deter anyone from a crime that he or she might otherwise have committed.
我觉得第二种情况就可以消弱原文的结论了 （像这种选项中有很多否定，和less之内的感觉不是很好否定） 不知道否定了A后到底是第一种情况还是第二种
C：
The group of inmates who chose to take college-level courses were already less likely than other inmates to commit crimes after being released.
是肯定消弱的



GWD7-Q17:

Of patients over 65 years old who survived coronary bypass surgery—a procedure widely prescribed for people with heart disease—only 75 percent benefited from the surgery.Thus it appears that for one in four such patients, the doctors who advised them to undergo this surgery, with its attendant risks and expense, were more interested in an opportunity to practice their skills and in their fee than in helping the patient.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?



A.Many of the patients who receive coronary bypass surgery are less than 55 years old.

B.Possible benefits of coronary bypass surgery include both relief from troubling symptoms and prolongation of life.

C.Most of the patients in the survey decided to undergo coronary bypass surgery because they were advised that the surgery would reduce their risk of future heart attacks.

D.The patients over 65 years old who did not benefit from the coronary bypass surgery were as fully informed as those who did benefit from the surgery as to the risks of the surgery prior to undergoing it.

E.The patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery but who did not benefit from it were medically indistinguishable, prior to their surgery, from the patients who did benefit
通过排除法可以得到E  只是不知道E是怎么消弱的··
有劳大家解释下··先谢谢了···

hanshipeng

1，再仔细读一下C，的确是一个假设啊。读大学层次的犯人比不读的更不倾向于犯罪。
2，因为手术前，不知道病人知否可以从手术中获益。所以不是医生能决定的。weaken了医生借手术练习或赚钱的可能性。如果医生知道某个病人手术一定不成功，并且还让病人花钱动手术，那么就有理由怀疑医生的不良动机。

mia113

谢谢Ls 第二题明白了··可是第二题我琢磨了半天·越想越糊涂了··
C： The group of inmates who chose to take college-level courses  (A) were not already less likely than other inmates (B) to commit crimes after being released.
--> A is not already less likely than B to commit crimes
    not less likely= more or equal likely
    A is more likely than B to commit crimes or A is equal likely than B to do
岂不是跟原文矛盾了么··
发现自己很容易被 否定中的less than 弄糊涂···
已经彻底晕了··有劳ls再解释下了···

mia113

我今天后来好好想了下第二题··我觉得E的出题思路是：
反驳assumption
题目中有个assumption: 医生知道哪些是1/4 (不能从中受益)哪些是3/4（从中受益），从而在碰到1/4的时候，采取私心
而E 就恰好否定了这个assumption.
以前我们阅读老师说 批判大前提，是最狠的weaken``

wyfhope

对于第一题我认为，把句子翻译出来就非常清楚了：C:在被释放之后，那些后来学习了大学课程的罪犯并不是本身就已经比那些后来没学习大学课程的罪犯更不倾向于犯罪，而是因为前者学习了大学课程。也可以这样理解：这些罪犯本来并没有什么差异，但是在被释放之后，那些学习了大学课程的人就比那些没学习的人更加守法，也就是说学习大学课程会帮助他们变好，与原文意思对应，是一个必要的assumption .