GWD-8-Q28 :从文中哪里可以找到答案阿？

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GWD-8-Q25-Q28
     Jon Clark’s study of the effect ofthe modernization of a telephone exchange on exchange maintenance work andworkers is a solid contribution to a debate that encompasses two lively issuesin the history and socialogy of technology: technological determinism andsocial constructivism. Clark makes the point that the characteristics of atechnology have a decisive influence on job skills and work organization. Putmore strongly, technology can be a primary determinant of social and managerialorganization. Clark believes this possibility has been obscured by the recentsociological fashion, exemplified by Braverman’s analysis, that emphasizes theway machinery reflects social choices. For Braverman, the shape of atechnological system is subordinate to the manager’s desire to wrest control ofthe labor process from the workers. Technological change is construed as theoutcome of negotiations among interested parties who seek to incorporate theirown interests into the design and configuration of the machinery. This positionrepresents the new mainstream called social constructivism.
     The constructivists gain acceptanceby misrepresenting technological determinism: technological determinists aresupposed to believe, for example, that machinery imposes appropriate forms oforder on society. The alternative to constructivism, in other words, is to viewtechnology as existing outside society, capable of directly influencing skillsand work organization. Clark refutes the extremes of the constructivists byboth theoretical and empirical arguments. Theoretically he defines “technology”in terms of relationships between social and technical variables. Attempts toreduce the meaning of technology to cold, hard metal are bound to fail, formachinery is just scrap unless it is organized functionally and supported byappropriate systems of operation and maintenance. At the empirical level Clarkshows how a change at the telephone exchange from maintenance-intensiveelectromechanical switches to semi-electronic switching systems altered worktasks, skills, training opportunities, administration, and organization ofworkers. Some changes Clark attriutes to the particular way management andlabor unions negotiated the introduction of the technology, whereas others areseen as arising from the capabilities and nature of the technology itself. ThusClark helps answer the question: “When is social choice decisive and when arethe concrete characteristics of technology more important?”


GWD-8-Q28 :
Which of the followingstatements about the modernization of the telephone exchange is supported byinformation in the passage?


A. The new technology reduced the role of managers inlabor negotiations.
B. The modernization was implemented without the consentof the employees directly affected by it.
C. The modernization had an impact that wentsignificantly beyond maintenance routines.
D. Some of the maintenance workers felt victimized bythe new technology.
E.  The modernization gave credence to the view of advocatesof social constructivism.
ans：c

请问是从蓝色部分得知的吗？蓝色部分所在的那个句子具体什么意思呢？
谢谢回答～