【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-7】

m1nt

1. 25’
Premise: Stores and homes are far from each other
Highway actual speed is lower than limits
Conclusion: Something must be done to ease traffic congestion
Support: No traffic, actual speed can reach limits

2. 10’
Premise: All the papers have done this year are poorly written and ungrammatical
Conclusion: college students do not write as well as they used to be
Weaken: Paper不具有代表性

3. 28‘
Premise: Major wants to build high way to bring more business
Conclusion: The major is interested in something other than economy
But build new business park can bring more business than high way
Assumption: 修高速和park成本什么的差不多

4. 23s
Premise: high skilled people have immigrated to the west from east Europe
Conclusion: the left people are in highly demand in their own country
Weaken: 剩下来的人还是超过需求了

5.25’
Premise: university hospitals in our region employ 15 percent fewer doctors, have a 20 percent lower success rate in treating patients, make far less overall profit, and pay their medical staff considerably less than do private hospitals
many doctors at university hospitals typically divide their time among teaching, conducting research, and treating patients
Conclusion: quality of care at university hospitals is lower than that at other kinds of hospitals
Weaken:  Doctors divide time to do research, teaching because they are better than other doctors
         Fewer doctors because their doctors are too good, do not need that many
         Lower success rate because patients go there have more serious illnesses
         Profit is the not their focus
         Staff want to learn more there instead of earning more money

jenniferlyy125

1. 【归纳】原来，人们在附近工作和购物，现在商店和上班地方都比较远，必须要走很长距离。同时交通拥挤很严重。
现在要走很远上班，交通又拥挤。如果新的商店等在附近，一切都解决了。

2. 【因果，无效归纳】因为all of the paper of the students of the professor写的不好，语法不对，就说明college students 写的不好吗？典型的一个小范围归纳到大范围college students的无效归纳。样本没有代表性。
It requires confirmation that the change in the professor’s students is representative of a change among college students in general.
问题问的是flaw, weakness而不是削弱。Flaw就是没有代表性。

3. 37’ 市长：要增强经济，要修路。
市民：反对市长想要增强经济，如果真的要增强经济的话，应该要建商业区，因为可以带来修路两倍的商机。假设。
市民的假设应该是，市民认为建商业区可以增强经济，而修路不会。
【二人对话】The mayor accepts that a new business park would bring in more new business than would the new highway.

4. P：东欧技工去了西欧
C：留下来的东欧技工，在本国需求高。
削弱，削弱就是要说需求低。
Major changes in Eastern European economic structures have led to the elimination of many positions previously held by the highly skilled emigrants.
经济结构调整减少了技工的职位。职位减少，当然说明需求低。

jenniferlyy125

AA

C：quality of care at university hospitals is lower than the quality of other kinds of hospitals
P1: hospitals in our region employ 15% fewer, 20% lower success rate, less profit, payment to staff less
P2: university hospitals divide time
1.        错误假设：错误地假设divide time 和 quality of care 有因果关系。反驳：quality of care 决定于医术，设备，态度等等…divide time 时间少，和quality没有关系，less time 不一定quality low.
2.        范围问题，无效归纳：our region cannot represent the whole nation and generate the conclusion. 反驳：our region fewer doctors, lower success, less profit, less payment 不代表别的地方的university hospital 一样，也不能得出quality of care at university hospital in general is lower.
3.        错误假设：错误滴假设 fewer doctors, lower success, less profit, less payment 和 quality 有因果关系。反驳：fewer doctor不一定quality 低，可能更加能够customized, quality和doctor数量无关。Lower success 也不代表quality, 可以quality很高，但是因为别的原因比如很难治愈，二success low. Less profit and payment和quality 无关，可能part of the profit is devoted into improving of the quality。反正反驳的时候说这些因素和quality都没有关系，这些因素也可以有high quality

liyao604

Day seven
No.1

Something must be done to ease traffic congestion. In traditional small towns, people used to work and shop in the same town in which they lived; but now that stores and workplaces are located far away from residential areas, people cannot avoid traveling long distances each day. Traffic congestion is so heavy on all roads that, even on major highways where the maximum speed limit is 55 miles per hour, the actual speed averages only 35 miles per hour.
Q:Which one of the following proposals is most supported by the statements above?

44’
C:必须为traffic jam做些什么了
P：以前人们生活工作消费都在用一个地方。但是现在工作和shop的地方离居民区很远，人们必须travel far
P：每条路都很堵，即使在major highway——限速55/h，实际却是35/h

No.2

College professor: College students do not write nearly as well as they used to. Almost all of the paper that my students have done for me this year have been poorly written and ungrammatical.
Q:Which one of the following is the most serious weakness in the argument made by the professor?

12’
C：学生现在的作业没有以前做得好了
P：现在几乎所有学生给我的paper都weak organized（poorly written）并且语法错误
Key：It requires confirmation that the change in the professor’s students is representative of a change among college students in general.


No.3

Mayor of Plainsville: In order to help the economy of Plainsville, I am using some of our tax revenues to help bring a major highway through the town and thereby attract new business to Plainsville.
Citizens’ group: You must have interests other than our economy in mind. If you were really interested in helping our economy, you would instead allocate the revenues to building a new business park, since it would bring in twice the business that your highway would.
Q1:The argument by the citizens’ group relies on which one of the following assumptions?
Q2:Which one of the following principles, if accepted, would most help the citizens’ group to justify drawing its conclusion that the mayor has in mind interests other than Plainsville’s economy?

40’
市长：要用税收建造highway→吸引business
市民：肯定不是为了我们市着想，市长心理还有别的目的。因为如果（筹资）build business park，可以吸引比建造highway多一倍的business
Key：The mayor accepts that a new business park would bring in more new business than would the new highway.

e really pursuing a cause will choose the means that that person believes will advance the cause
No.4

Recently, highly skilled workers in Eastern Europe have left jobs in record numbers to emigrate to the West. It is therefore likely that skilled workers who remain in Eastern Europe are in high demand in their home countries.
Q:Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

21’
P：根据记录high skilled worker从东搬到了西
C：东很缺high skilled worker


No.5  

“There is a common misconception that university hospitals are better than community or private hospitals. This notion is unfounded, however: the university hospitals in our region employ 15 percent fewer doctors, have a 20 percent lower success rate in treating patients, make far less overall profit, and pay their medical staff considerably less than do private hospitals. Furthermore, many doctors at university hospitals typically divide their time among teaching, conducting research, and treating patients. From this it seems clear that the quality of care at university hospitals is lower than that at other kinds of hospitals.”
Discuss how well reasoned... etc.
42’
C：校医院没有社区医院和私人医院好（在quality of care上）
P：雇佣的人少，成功治愈的案例少，盈利少，给员工的钱特别少
P：校医院医生花时间在teach，搞研究和别的事上

tjwen93

m1nt 发表于 2013-8-13 11:22
1. 25’
Premise: Stores and homes are far from each other
Highway actual speed is lower than limits

速度好快...
btw,经常去club？

kaniris

谢谢，学习了！

进击的智人阿飞

1.     28s

Premise: 交通拥堵很严重+人们工作和生活都是在一个地方，买东西每天都要去很远+最快的高速路时速也从55km掉到35km

Conclusion: 买东西都是要经过高速路的

2.     17s

Premise: 教授这几年收到的论文文笔很差，语法错很多

Conclusion: 大学生写作能力越来越差了    weaken prophase: 文笔差不是因为能力差很是因为时间紧没检查；以前的的语法错误更多

3.     56s

市长：premise: 高速路能让更多的公司到我们镇上来+高速路能提升经济 con:应该用税收修高速路

反对者：premise: 用收入在镇里修一个金融中心能吸引更多的公司入驻  con:市长别有所图

反对者assumption: 前提不导致结果不存在： 外面的公司有可以进入小镇的其他途径 ； 修一个金融中心的cost不会远远大于修highway； 镇上本来的金融中心已经被填满了

纳税人assumption： ？？？？

4.     17s

Premise: 东欧的技术工人很多都去了西欧

Conclusion: 回到东欧的技术工人会很抢手

Weaken Prophase: 前提不导致结论，sth hampers it: 工人不会很抢手，因为本地产业没落

5.     38 s

Premise: 医生少+大学医院工资低+成功率低+医生兼任老师，会花时间做实验

Conclusion: 大学医院没有比普通医院好

Weaken : 数据不具有代表性；去大学医院就诊的都是疑难杂症病人

Strengthen: 去大学医院就诊的都是和普通医院一样的病人；大学医院不行的其他数据