【每日阅读训练——速度3系列】【速度3-17】&【越障3-17】

fox0923

今天要早一点发上来，不然一会就没有网络了。

阅读训练汇总贴：
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_RC/thread-562296-1-1.html



【速度3-17】

计时 1 （236 words）
How Much Screen Time Is Too Much for Children?
By June Simms
2011-7-31
This is the VOA Special EnglishTechnology Report.
Children can spend hours a day looking at computer screens and other digitaldevices. Some eye care professionals say all that screen time has led to anincrease in what they call computer vision syndrome.
Nathan Bonilla-Warford is an optometrist in Tampa, Florida, with VSP, VisionService Plan, a big insurance provider. He says he has seen an increase inproblems in children.
NATHAN BONILLA-WARFORD: "I see a lot more children who are coming intothe office either because their parents have noticed that they have headachesor red or watery eyes or discomfort, or because their prescription, theirnear-sightedness, appears to be increasing at a fast rate and they'reworried."
Dr. Bonilla-Warford says part of the problem is that children may be morelikely than adults to ignore early warning signs.
NATHAN BONILLA-WARFORD: "Even if their eyes start to feel uncomfortableor they start to get a headache, they're less likely to tell their parents,because they don't want to have the game or the computer or whatever takenaway."
He says another part of the problem is that people blink less often whenthey use digital devices.
NATHAN BONILLA-WARFORD: "The average person who uses a computer or anelectronic device blinks about a third as much as we normally do in everydaylife. And so that can result in the front part of the eye drying and notstaying moist and protected like normal."

计时 2 （234 words）
Eye doctors offer suggestions like following what is known as the 20/20/20rule.
NATHAN BONILLA-WARFORD: "Every twenty minutes, look away twenty feet ormore for at least twenty seconds from whatever device you're using."
Twenty feet -- that's six meters.
Other suggestions include putting more distance between you and the deviceand using good lighting. Of course, another way to avoid eye strain is to spendless time looking at screens. Many experts say children should spend no morethan two hours a day using digital devices -- with no screen time for childrenunder two.
But not all eye doctors have noticed an increase in problems in children.Dr. David Hunter says he has not seen an increase in his practice as apediatric ophthalmologist at Children's Hospital Boston. He also serves as aspokesman for the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
Dr. Hunter thinks calling it a syndrome, as in computer vision syndrome, isa little much. He says the real problem is simple.
DAVID HUNTER: "Spending too much time in one place, focusing on onething, not looking away from their work, etc."
And while this might be tiring to the eyes, he says, it will not causepermanent damage.
DAVID HUNTER: "While it is possible to develop fatigue looking atvarious screens for a long period of time, there's certainly no evidence thatit actually causes any damage to the eyes."
And that's the VOA Special English Technology Report, written byJune Simms. You can learn English and much more at 51voa.com. I'm Steve Ember.

计时 3 （267 words）
A Study Looks at Environmental Influences on Children
By Caty Weaver and Carol Pearson
2011-8-2
This is the VOA Special English Health Report.
One of the largest health studies ever done in the United States will lookat environmental influences on children.
The study will examine the many environmental and genetic factors thataffect the health of children and the adults they become.
Dr. Steven Hirshfeld at the National Institutes of Health is the studydirector. Test projects have already begun, and he says the main part of theNational Children's Study will begin next year.
STEVEN HIRSHFELD: "Our goal is to understand how you can get thehealthiest, most robust child to develop into a healthy and contributing memberof adult society."
Researchers want to study one hundred thousand children across America. Thestudy will collect information from before they are born until they aretwenty-one years old.
A family of four spends time together reading a book.The study aims to find the effects of genetic and environmental influences.
There are seven centers around the country where parents can join the study.Jennifer, three months pregnant, signed up for the study at the University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles.
JENNIFER: "Well, living in Los Angeles, I'm concerned, like, obviouslyabout the pollution and the smog and that kind of stuff. And, you know, I'malso concerned about what I put in my body, like is the food geneticallymodified? Like, is the food organic? Like, do they add chemicals orpreservatives to things and, like, how do those things have an effect on anunborn child?"
计时 4（262 words）
Researchers at UCLA will consider questions like these as they study fourthousand children in the Los Angeles area. They also plan to study one thousandchildren in a rural area. The aim is to see what effect pesticides used onnearby farms might have on the children's health.
Dr. Michael Lu is one of the lead investigators at UCLA.
MICHAEL LU: "We're examining a number of very important childconditions such as asthma and autism, pre-term birth and birth defects, obesityand diabetes and various behavioral and learning problems."
The researchers will also study mental health disorders.
MICHAEL LU: "I think this study has the potential to change the way welook at childhood health and development."
The goal of the National Children's Study is to create a database thatresearchers around the world can use. Dr. Hirshfeld, the study director, saysthis information could help solve some unanswered questions.
STEVEN HIRSHFELD: "We have knowledge gaps in many of the most importantfactors that influence not only the health and well-being and development ofchildren, but that begin the foundations of what could turn into chronicconditions for adults."
Findings from the study will be released as they become available. Theinformation could lead to new policies and changes in existing laws on childhealth and the environment. The hope is that children can live healthier livesand grow into healthier adults.
And that's the VOA Special English Health Report, by CatyWeaver and Carol Pearson. You can watch a video about the National Children'sStudy at 51voa.com. I'm Bob Doughty.

计时 5（280 words）
Child Vaccine Efforts Get Big Boost
This is the VOA Special English Health Report.
International donors have promised more than four billion dollars to theGlobal Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization. That group, known as the GAVIAlliance, held a pledging conference Monday in London.
GAVI raised six hundred million dollars more than its target goal. Britainled the donations with 1.3 billion dollars in new pledges throughtwenty-fifteen. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation also promised one billionmore over the next five years.
Norway promised more than six hundred seventy million dollars. The UnitedStates made four hundred fifty million dollars in new pledges.
GAVI says a record fifty countries requested money for vaccines during itslatest application period.
Last week, the group announced an agreement by vaccine makers to cut prices fordeveloping countries. These lower prices, combined with the money raised thisweek, could protect an extra two hundred fifty million children.
Jeffrey Rowland is a GAVI spokesman.
JEFFREY ROWLAND: "GAVI's goal over the next five years, bytwenty-fifteen, is to immunize millions more children and save an additionalfour million children's lives, purely by providing basic vaccines againstdiseases that are basically almost non-existent in rich countries, as well asproviding new vaccines against pneumonia, diarrheal diseases and then hopefullyHPV and some other vaccine-preventable diseases."
HPV is the human papillomavirus, which can lead to cervical cancer. Thedisease kills two hundred thousand women a year, mostly in developingcountries. The Merck company has agreed to offer GAVI the HPV vaccine at fivedollars a dose. This is two-thirds less than the current price.
Other companies including GlaxoSmithKline and Merck will lower prices forrotavirus vaccines. That virus causes diarrhea that kills about half a millionchildren a year.
自由阅读
JEFFREY ROWLAND: "Almost all children in the world get rotavirus. Thething is that in the United States or in Europe children usually have goodaccess to medical care -- so rehydration, antibiotics, hospitalization. Childrenin poor countries, on the other hand, usually do not. So, by the time a motherbrings her child to a clinic after having diarrhea, that child is near death.And oftentimes the antibiotics and the services are not available to save thechild's life."
A rotavirus vaccine in the United States can cost as much as fifty dollars.Under the new plan, this same vaccine could cost about two and a half dollarsin a developing country.
The GAVI Alliance says almost two million children a year die from diseases thatvaccines can prevent.
And that's the VOA Special English Health Report. You canread, listen and learn with our programs, and share them with others, at51voa.com. I'm Jim Tedder.





【越障3-17】

Fail often, fail well
Companies have a great deal to learn fromfailure—provided they manage it successfully
Apr 14th 2011 | from the printedition

BUSINESS writers have alwaysworshipped at the altar of success. Tom Peters turned himself into a superstarwith “In Search of Excellence”. Stephen Covey has sold more than 15m copies of“The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People”. Malcolm Gladwell cleverly subtitledhis third book, “Outliers”, “The Story of Success”. This success-fetish makesthe latest management fashion all the more remarkable. The April issue of the HarvardBusiness Review is devoted to failure, featuring among other contributorsA.G. Lafley, a successful ex-boss of Procter & Gamble (P&G),proclaiming that “we learn much more from failure than we do from success.” Thecurrent British edition of Wired magazine has “Fail! Fast. Then succeed.What European business needs to learn from Silicon Valley” on its cover. IDEO,a consultancy, has coined the slogan “Fail often in order to succeed sooner”.
There are good reasons for thefailure fashion. Success and failure are not polar opposites: you often need toendure the second to enjoy the first. Failure can indeed be a better teacherthan success. It can also be a sign of creativity. The best way to avoidshort-term failure is to keep churning out the same old products, though in thelong term this may spell your doom. Businesses cannot invent the future—theirown future—without taking risks.
Entrepreneurs have always understoodthis. Thomas Edison performed 9,000 experiments before coming up with asuccessful version of the light bulb. Students of entrepreneurship talk aboutthe J-curve of returns: the failures come early and often and the successestake time. America has proved to be more entrepreneurial than Europe in largepart because it has embraced a culture of “failing forward” as a commontech-industry phrase puts it: in Germany bankruptcy can end your businesscareer whereas in Silicon Valley it is almost a badge of honour.
A more tolerant attitude to failurecan also help companies to avoid destruction. When Alan Mulally became boss ofan ailing Ford Motor Company in 2006 one of the first things he did was demandthat his executives own up to their failures. He asked managers to colour-codetheir progress reports—ranging from green for good to red for trouble. At oneearly meeting he expressed astonishment at being confronted by a sea of green,even though the company had lost several billion dollars in the previous year.Ford’s recovery began only when he got his managers to admit that thingsweren’t entirely green.
Failure is also becoming morecommon. John Hagel, of Deloitte’s Centre for the Edge (which advises bosses ontechnology), calculates that the average time a company spends in the S&500 index has declined from 75 years in 1937 to about 15 years today. Up to 90%of new businesses fail shortly after being founded. Venture-capital firms arelucky if 20% of their investments pay off. Pharmaceutical companies researchhundreds of molecular groups before coming up with a marketable drug. Less than2% of films account for 80% of box-office returns.
But simply “embracing” failure wouldbe as silly as ignoring it. Companies need to learn how to manage it. AmyEdmondson of Harvard Business School argues that the first thing they must dois distinguish between productive and unproductive failures. There is nothingto be gained from tolerating defects on the production line or mistakes in theoperating theatre.
This might sound like an obviousdistinction. But it is one that some of the best minds in business have failedto make. James McNerney, a former boss of 3M, a manufacturer, damaged thecompany’s innovation engine by trying to apply six-sigma principles (which areintended to reduce errors on production lines) to the entire company, includingthe research laboratories. It is only a matter of time before a boss,hypnotised by all the current talk of “rampant experimentation”, makes theopposite mistake.
Companies must also recognise thevirtues of failing small and failing fast. Peter Sims likens this to placing“Little Bets”, in a new book of that title. Chris Rock, one of the world’s mostsuccessful comedians, tries out his ideas in small venues, often bombing andalways junking more material than he saves. Jeff Bezos, the boss of Amazon,compares his company’s strategy to planting seeds, or “going down blindalleys”. One of those blind alleys, letting small shops sell books on thecompany’s website, now accounts for a third of its sales.
Damagelimitation
Placing small bets is one of severalways that companies can limit the downside of failure. Mr Sims emphasises theimportance of testing ideas on consumers using rough-and-ready prototypes: theywill be more willing to give honest opinions on something that is clearly anearly-stage mock-up than on something that looks like the finished product.Chris Zook, of Bain & Company, a consultancy, urges companies to keeppotential failures close to their core business—perhaps by introducing existingproducts into new markets or new products into familiar markets. Rita GuntherMcGrath of Columbia Business School suggests that companies should guardagainst “confirmation bias” by giving one team member the job of looking forflaws.
But there is no point in failingfast if you fail to learn from your mistakes. Companies are trying hard to getbetter at this. India’s Tata group awards an annual prize for the best failedidea. Intuit, in software, and Eli Lilly, in pharmaceuticals, have both takento holding “failure parties”. P&G encourages employees to talk about theirfailures as well as their successes during performance reviews. But the higherup in the company, the bigger the egos and the greater the reluctance to admitto really big failings rather than minor ones. Bosses should remember how oftenfailure paves the way for success: Henry Ford got nowhere with his first twoattempts to start a car company, but that did not stop him.

http://www.economist.com/node/18557776

抓抓sandra

今天状态不佳。。越障先欠着了。。明天一起来搞定~~

抓抓sandra

00:48
01:06
01:03
01:03
01:17

00:28

第一篇上周貌似读过了？再读一遍 训练意群~

抓抓sandra

06:06
细节和例子比较多，没有刻意去记了~

1.一些成功学书籍提到要成功先失败。4 5个例子。
2.流行“快速失败”的现象。很多企业家认为越快失败越好。 Fail! Fast. And then succeed.这个道理很多企业家都明白。（爱迪生，福特，etc）
3.不少公司都经历过先失败后成功。几乎所有的公司刚建立的时候都经历过失败。风险投资对象的新型产业公司（我自由发挥了一下）能够收回20%的投资就算很好了。类似的例子。
4.有很多企业家甚至刻意进行一些可能失败的尝试：new risky plan
5.失败是成功之母，这个道理看上去貌似很明显，但是有些公司还没有完全意识到。有个公司制定了一个防止运营出错的机制；相信这个机制本身出错只是早晚的事情。
6.关于损失控制。
（1）迅速失败的过程中难免出现损失，当然太大的失败企业也承担不起，所以有了“small bet”这样的一个办法。企业会通过风险不那么大的新尝试来迅速失败和迅速成长。
（2）在企业尝试失败的过程中，往往越是高级的人越不愿意正视和分析公司的错误。
7.最后，不管怎么说，通过迅速失败来获得成功的办法前提是必须要从失败里得到教训和经验。宝洁公司的例子。


这篇说的真好，还可以用在AI里头~谢谢糊糊~~hoho~~
============================================================
重新扫了一遍，刚才对框架的印象还不够深刻。这篇虽然细节和举例特别多，但是每一段的TS其实非常有条理。以后注意。

zx19890626

（1）57’’
（2）1’01
（3）1’05
（4）1’04
（5）1’25（这篇读着读着脑子就跑偏了。。T-T.....)

6'35(感觉还是没法回忆出很多东西。。。只能是个每段大意。。。）

apostate

1 1:08
2 1:16
3 1:10
4 1:03
5  1:45
自由阅读: 40

慢了

apostate

读的时候还是抑制不住心中的默念，控制不住了，心里像有一万个虫子在爬那样的不舒服，怎么办呐？

apostate

越障 6:30

1、 市面上有许多成功学的书，然而也有关于失败方面的。越来越多的人关注失败的思考，因为失败是通向成功之途。
2、比较：欧洲人应该像硅谷学习。德国某行业人员失败了可能就是个人职业生涯的挫败。而美国人则视其为新的开端。
3、 举例：福特公司总裁要求员工报告工作不掩盖失败的方面（文件：绿代表好，红代表不好）。
4、 面对失败的坚强忍耐：举例。。。（极不得了）
5、 失败分积极失败（对以后发展有利）和无意义的失败（对今后无促进）。举例。。。
6、后面记不得了。

daisyの小夢想

40s
56s
57s
60s
73s
22s
第一篇读过了哈~ 第二次读更欢快了~~

fox0923

40s
56s
57s
60s
73s
22s
第一篇读过了哈~ 第二次读更欢快了~~

-- by 会员 daisyの小夢想 (2011/8/11 10:53:19)

呀？
是哦，放上去时都没注意，早晨太赶了。。。就当时bouns好了，嘿嘿。。