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方法介绍和往期练习汇总：
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_RC/thread-562296-1-1.html
【速度3-6】
American History: Roosevelt's Death Makes Truman President
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STEVE EMBER: Welcome to THE MAKING OF A NATION – American history in VOA Special English. I'm Steve Ember.
This week in our series: a sudden change in Washington.
(MUSIC)
The House of Representatives ended the day's business early on the rainy afternoon of April twelfth, nineteen forty-five. The House Democratic leader, Speaker Sam Rayburn, invited a friend to come by his office for a drink. "Be there around five," Rayburn said. "Harry Truman is coming over."
Harry Truman was the vice president at the time. The events are described in a book about his presidency, "Conflict and Crisis" by Robert Donovan.
World War Two was not over yet. But it was a quiet afternoon in Washington. President Franklin Roosevelt was in the southern state of Georgia. He was resting after his recent trip to Yalta to meet with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet leader Josef Stalin. The president's wife, Eleanor, was at the White House, working on a speech supporting the new United Nations.
Harry Truman was at the Senate. But he was not interested in the debate that was taking place. He spent most of his time writing to his family back in Missouri. When the debate finished, he went to the office of House leader Rayburn to join him for a drink.
It was an afternoon Truman would never forget.
Rayburn and his friend were talking in the office before Truman arrived. The telephone rang. It was a call from the White House asking whether Vice President Truman had arrived yet. No, Rayburn replied. The caller asked to have him telephone the White House as soon as he arrived.
（273）
计时2
Truman entered a minute later. He immediately called the White House. As he talked, his face became white. He put down the phone and raced out the door to his car.
Truman arrived at the White House within minutes. An assistant took him up to the president's private living area. Eleanor Roosevelt was waiting for him there. "Harry," she said, "the president is dead." Truman was shocked. He asked Mrs. Roosevelt if there was anything he could do to help her. But her reply made clear to him that his own life had suddenly changed. "Is there anything we can do for you?" Mrs. Roosevelt asked the new president. "You are the one in trouble now."
(MUSIC)
Within hours, the world learned the news that Franklin Roosevelt -- the longest serving president in American history -- was dead. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage, bleeding in the brain.
Americans were shocked and scared. It was nineteen forty-five and the United States was still at war. Roosevelt had led the nation since early nineteen thirty-three. He was the only president many young Americans had ever known.
Who would lead them now? All eyes turned to Harry Truman.
HARRY TRUMAN: "Our departed leader never looked backward. He looked forward and moved forward. That is what he would want us to do. That is what America will do."
(225)
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Harry Truman in his first speech to Congress as president.
HARRY TRUMAN: "With great humility, I call upon all Americans to help me keep our nation united in defense of those ideals which have been so eloquently proclaimed by Franklin Roosevelt. [Applause]
"I want in turn to assure my fellow Americans and all of those who love peace and liberty throughout the world that I will support and defend those ideals with all my strength and all my heart."
(MUSIC)
Truman had been a surprise choice for vice president at the Democratic Party nominating convention in nineteen forty-four. Delegates considered several other candidates before they chose him as Roosevelt's running mate. That was at a time when presidential candidates did not make their own choices for vice president.
Harry Truman lacked the fame, the rich family and the strong speech-making skills of Franklin Roosevelt. He was a much simpler man. He grew up in the Midwestern state of Missouri. Truman only studied through high school but took some nighttime law school classes. He worked for many years as a farmer and a small businessman, but without much success.
Truman had long been interested in politics. When he was almost forty, he finally won several low-level positions in his home state. By nineteen thirty-four, he was popular enough in Missouri to be nominated and elected to the United States Senate. And he won re-election six years later.
（236）
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Most Americans, however, knew little about Harry Truman when he became president. They knew he had close ties to the Democratic Party political machine in his home state. But they had also heard that he was a very honest man. They could see that Truman had strongly supported President Roosevelt's New Deal programs. But they could not be sure what kind of president Truman would become.
(MUSIC)
History gave Truman little time to learn about his new job. The most important power he now possessed was the power of atomic weapons. And soon after he became president, he faced the decision of whether or not to use that power for the first time in history.
Truman firmly believed that using the atomic bomb was the only way to force Japan to surrender. So in August of nineteen forty-five, he gave the orders to drop the atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
HARRY TRUMAN: "Having found the atomic bomb we have used it. We shall continue to use it until we completely destroy Japan's power to make war. Only a Japanese surrender will stop us. It is an awful responsibility which has come to us. We thank God that it has come to us, instead of to our enemies. And we pray that he may guide us to use it in his ways, and for his purposes."
Days earlier, Truman had met in Potsdam, Germany, near Berlin, with the British and Soviet leaders, Winston Churchill and Josef Stalin, to plan the peace. The war in Europe had ended several months before.
(264)
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NEWS ANNOUNCER: "Good evening, from the White House in Washington. Ladies and gentlemen, the president of the United States."
HARRY TRUMAN: "My fellow Americans, I have just returned from Berlin, the city from which the Germans intended to rule the world. It is a ghost city. The buildings are in ruins, its economy and its people are in ruins.
"Our party also visited what is left of Frankfurt and Darmstadt. We flew over the remains of Kassel, Magdeburg and other devastated cities. German women and children and old men were wandering over the highways, returning to bombed-out homes or leaving bombed out cities, searching for food and shelter.
"War has indeed come home to Germany and to the German people. It has come home in all the frightfulness with which the German leaders started and waged it."
The three leaders agreed that their nations and France would jointly occupy Germany. They also agreed to end the Nazi party in Germany, to hold trials for Nazi war criminals and to break up some German businesses.
Foreign ministers of the Allied nations later negotiated peace treaties with Germany and other countries including Italy, Hungary and Romania.
Eastern European nations agreed to protect the political and economic freedom of their citizens. However, western political experts were increasingly worried that the Soviet Union would block any effort for real democracy in eastern Europe.
Truman did not trust the Soviets. And as he made plans for Asia, he promised himself that he would not allow Moscow any part in controlling Japan.
（256）
自由阅读
The leader of the American occupation in Japan was Army General Douglas MacArthur. MacArthur acted quickly to hold a series of trials for Japanese war crimes. He also launched a series of reforms to move Japan toward becoming more like a Western democracy.
Women were given the right to vote. Land was divided among farmers. The idea of a national religion was ended. And the educational system was reorganized.
Japan began to recover, becoming stronger than ever as an economic power.
Truman and other world leaders were dealing with the problems of making peace. But at the same time they also were trying to establish a new system for keeping the peace.
(MUSIC)
The United States, the Soviet Union, Britain and the other Allies had formed the United Nations during wartime. But soon after Truman took office, they met in San Francisco to discuss ways to make the United Nations a permanent organization for peace.
In July of nineteen forty-four, many of the world's top economic experts met to organize a new system for the world economy. They gathered at a hotel in Bretton Woods in the American state of New Hampshire. They created the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to help nations rebuild their economies.
(MUSIC)
At the center of all the action was Harry Truman. It was not long before he showed Americans and the world that he had the ability to be a good president. He was honest, strong and willing to make decisions.
"I was sworn-in one night and the next morning I had to get right to the job at hand," Truman remembered years later. In an oral history recorded with the writer Merle Miller, Truman said: "I was afraid. But, of course, I didn't let anybody know that. And I knew that I would not be called on to do anything that I was not able to do. That's something I learned from reading history.
Truman spoke of how people in the past had much bigger problems. Somehow, he said, the best of them just went ahead and did what they had to do. And they usually did all right.
(MUSIC: "I'm Just Wild about Harry")
In the coming weeks, we'll discuss how America's thirty-third president moved toward rebuilding a Europe devastated by war.
This program was adapted from a script written by David Jarmul. You can find our series online with transcripts, MP3s, podcasts and pictures at 51voa.com. You can also follow us on Facebook and Twitter at VOA Learning English. I'm Steve Ember, inviting you to join us again next week for THE MAKING OF A NATION -- American history in VOA Special English.
【越障3-6】今天的越障很长，大家做好心理准备。
Jamaica Bay: Wilderness on the Edge
OF all the ways to describe Jamaica Bay — it is the city’s largest open space, it is a perch of choice for more than 300 species of birds, it is that wetland thing you fly above while landing at (or leaving) Kennedy Airport — the most suggestive of its singularity is that it sits within the only national park in the United States you can reach by subway.
A giant salt water puddle, pooled over 20,000 acres beneath the leaky eaves of southern Queens and Brooklyn, the bay lies at the far end of the Rockaways A line. And to ride that line from Times Square to Canal Street to Broadway Junction, and then through Ozone Park to Howard Beach and Broad Channel, where suddenly there are marshes offshore and ibises and egrets in the sky, is to understand that with a simple 90-minute trip one can find a wilderness within the city limits.
The bay is “the one place in New York where nature is so dominant that it makes the city a backdrop,” Brad Sewell, an environmental lawyer and blogger, recently wrote.
Of course, that backdrop has caused the bay considerable trouble over the years. Since the industrial revolution, it has served as a dumping ground for items that the city does not wish to see: its garbage fills, sewage treatment plants and occasional dead bodies.
But in the past 10 years or so, as the greening of New York has taken hold, an alliance of officials, environmentalists and local advocates has emerged to save the bay from what makes it so distinctive — which is to say, from its condition as a wild place in the country’s biggest city.
Today, Jamaica Bay has reached a kind of inflection point, poised between what it is and what it could become.
The lush, green cord-grass marshes are still eroding rapidly, but terrapin turtles have returned in such force that just last month, a stubborn bunch blocked a busy runway at Kennedy. Seals have been spotted sunning themselves on shore rocks. Fleets of kayaks are available for day trips. Even Brooklyn hipsters — those self-conscious harbinger birds, arriving early at what’s soon to be in vogue — have been flocking to the summer cabanas that rest along its shores.
All this energy reflects a central fact: Jamaica Bay sits at the literal and figurative edge where the natural and the manmade worlds collide. “It’s just a beautiful, natural ecosystem in the middle of this huge metropolitan area,” said Don Riepe, a suntanned 71-year-old who has lived on the bay since 1981 and has held the title of Jamaica Bay guardian for six years, since retiring from the National Parks Service. “I love the smell and the sound of the bay, the calmness of the water, the marine life, the bird life, the seasons.”
It was 5 o’clock on a recent Sunday evening, and everything that Mr. Riepe described was serenely on display: the sea grass swayed, the horseflies buzzed, the bright blue buoys marking crab traps bobbed in silence on the darker, bluer surface of the bay. Mr. Riepe (pronounced REE-pee) had piloted his 22-foot motorboat, the Oystercatcher, through a reach of shallows called the cow patch and now began to putter beneath the Cross Bay Bridge. A peregrine falcon watched from an abutment. The air smelled humidly of salt. The public housing projects of the Rockaways loomed into distant view.
When Mr. Riepe arrived at JoCo Marsh, the largest and best preserved salt-grass section of the bay, hundreds of birds — Forster’s terns, laughing gulls, osprey, willets, herons — were revolving in a circle over the water, a great avian feeding wheel feasting on marine life. At the same time, from Runway 4 Left at Kennedy, birds of a decidedly different feather — airplanes bound for Europe: Finnair, Air Berlin, Turkish Airlines, Lufthansa — were taking off at two-minute intervals and screaming overhead.
“You really get a sense out here,” Mr. Riepe said, “how this beautiful thing, the bay, sits on the cusp of the huge, globally important thing at the airport.”
Mr. Riepe lives in Broad Channel, in a small house on the water, with a small back deck where he takes his morning orange juice and a private dock at which he moors his boat. As he returned and tied the Oystercatcher to a bollard, he smiled and said, “There’s Igor.” Igor is the egret who visits from time to time.
He opened his door and Igor stepped contentedly inside. The 4-foot-tall wild bird was soon enjoying canned sardines, fed to him by hand, in Mr. Riepe’s kitchen.
It was, it must be said, an improbable scene, one made even more so by the skyline of Manhattan visible — in the distance — through the window.
MORE or less since the development of lower Queens and Brooklyn in the 19th century, New Yorkers have been slowly destroying Jamaica Bay. On Mill Island, in the northern portion of the bay, there was an asphalt factory and a lead-smelting operation. Bone-boiling businesses and guano plants took root. According to a 1981 history commissioned by the United States Department of the Interior, the “disposition of refuse from New York became the principal activity” on the bay around the turn of the 20th century. On Barren Island, there were facilities for turning dead horses into glue. At 10 a.m. each weekday, the federal study said, a “horse boat” would arrive with up to 50 dead horses onboard, along with the bodies of cats, dogs, even cows.
In 1905, as the Brooklyn and Manhattan waterfronts grew ever more congested, a wild plan emerged to turn Jamaica Bay into the world’s largest deep-water port. The shallows were to be deepened, manmade islands with slips and piers were to be built, a rail network was to be put in place, and the shoreline was to be covered in bulkheads. Some of this actually happened: the Rockaway Inlet was dredged; and Floyd Bennett Field, New York’s first municipal airport, was created. According to the pictorial history “Jamaica Bay,” by Daniel Hendrick, it was no less than Robert Moses, the city’s master builder, who finally put an end to the plan.
Even in 1938, as Mr. Hendrick notes, Moses could complain, “Jamaica Bay faces the blight of bad planning, polluted water, and garbage dumping. Are we to have another waterfront slum?”
Fifteen years later, the city’s parks department established the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge, and Herbert Johnson, its first superintendent, had a crew of workers transplant more than 1.5 million individual clumps of beach grass from the nearby shore to a newly dredged plot of land. The problems in the larger bay persisted, however, even in 1972, when the federal government incorporated the bay into the Gateway National Recreation Area, which skitters across the mouth of New York Harbor, from Sandy Hook to the west, to the tip of Kennedy Airport to the east.
Now, through the efforts of environmental groups and city and state officials, Moses’s 60-year-old grievances are being answered. Just last month, the Natural Resources Defense Council, representing smaller groups like the American Littoral Society and the Jamaica Bay Ecowatchers, signed an unprecedented agreement with the city and state to cut in half, by 2020, the amount of nitrogen discharged into the bay from four city sewage treatment plants. Under the agreement, the city will pay $100 million to upgrade technology at the plants and will spend an additional $15 million to slow the erosion of the bay’s marsh islands.
“It’s big,” said Mr. Sewell, the blog-writing lawyer who works for the council. “The bay is the most nitrogen-polluted body of water in the world. There are a lot of people” — nearly 500,000, in the watershed, he said — “whose you-know-what partly ends up in the bay.”
Nitrogen is nontoxic but causes harmful algae blooms that render waters inhospitable to marine life, affecting not only fin- and shellfish populations but the local and migratory birds that feed on them. Mr. Sewell and his law partner, Larry Levine, said nitrogen might also be responsible for the accelerating loss of the bay’s marshlands, which control shoreline erosion and provide temporary resting grounds for the thousands of weary birds that pass through every year on the Atlantic Flyway.
“Improving water quality is the first step; everything follows that,” said John McLaughlin, director of ecological services at the city’s Department of Environmental Protection. With the recent nitrogen agreement, Mr. McLaughlin said, “we’ve basically made a commitment to the long term.”
The other day, he was aboard the Osprey, the department’s water-testing vessel, as it took samples in the bay. From the wheelhouse, he pointed out a spot on Breezy Point, at the west end of the Rockaways, where the city was attempting to restore local eelgrass (it would, he said, attract menhaden and other indigenous fish). The city also has a program to replenish the oyster population in Jamaica Bay, which, a hundred years ago, boasted some of the best oyster beds on the East Coast. This is no mere act of nostalgia. A single adult oyster, Mr. McLaughlin said, can filter up to 35 gallons of water a day.
IT is endeavors like these — combined with a separate effort to control sewer overflows, like the recent discharge of sewage in Harlem that closed beaches as far away as Staten Island — that have made Jamaica Bay a test case for the fragile relationship between the natural and urban worlds and have thrust it into the vanguard of environmental technology.
“In a sense, the bay is serving as a laboratory for the entire world when it comes to new nitrogen treatments,” Mr. Sewell said, “and as a laboratory for the city when it comes to storm-water overflows.
“It really is an incubator for progressive programs for New York and beyond,” he added. “It’s actually pretty cool.”
The Sebago Canoe Club has for more than 75 years occupied a scruffily idyllic spot on Paerdegat Basin, an inlet of the bay in the Canarsie section of Brooklyn. The club’s old photos show cocky local kids standing with their chests puffed out in matching tank tops. This month, there was a three-hour paddle from the clubhouse dock to a grassy patch of marshland a mile and a half offshore.
By 5 p.m. or so, a dozen members had arrived and set out in a loose pod on the water. The kayaks at Sebago are skinny, yellow things; they floated like bananas on the bay.
With three trip leaders showing the route, the paddlers traveled past the speedboats tied up at a neighborhood marina and then beneath a busy bridge into the gleaming pewter basin of the bay. Afterward, as always, the kayaks would be washed down with a hose; at a backyard picnic table, pizza would be consumed.
“It takes you away,” Tony Pignatello, the baseball-capped commodore of the club, said of these weekly trips. “It’s almost like you’re in the country. It’s just a natural, natural place.”
Mr. Pignatello, like most of the club’s 250 members, lives nowhere near Canarsie (he lives in Fresh Meadows, Queens) and commutes to the bay, which, in this section, is mostly populated by Caribbean immigrants. Between a third and a half of all people living on the bay are foreign born, local officials say, and their connection to the water can range from the religious (coconut shells, even cremation ashes, sometimes wash ashore from Hindu rituals ) to the nonexistent (“I tell my West Indian friends, ‘Come out, we’ll put you on the water,’ ” said Walter Lewandowski, the club’s kayak chairman. “They say: ‘Me? In a kayak? Forget it.’ ”).
This is important because Jamaica Bay, with notable exceptions, lacks a local constituency capable of arguing its merits to the confusingly diverse bureaucracy that oversees it, a list that includes the National Parks Service, the city’s parks department, the State Department of Environmental Conservation and the Army Corps of Engineers. One chief reason the bay has been neglected so long, said Mr. Hendrick, the historian, is that many residents live in the area because the housing is cheap or because they work at Kennedy and have no experience, or interest, in dealing with the miscellany of officials.
The exceptions are the residents of Broad Channel — people like Mr. Riepe or Dan Mundy Sr., president of the Jamaica Bay Ecowatchers — who helped set in motion the current grass-roots resurgence. It was Mr. Mundy, a retired New York Fire Department captain, who more than a decade ago noticed the bay’s declining water quality and brought in the Army Corps for a boat tour of its marshes. (The corps is now involved in a multimillion-dollar project to restore them.)
Just this spring, after the Regional Plan Association, an independent research group, proposed expanding Kennedy by filling in a portion of the bay, 150 residents and civic leaders packed the American Legion Hall in Broad Channel to vociferously criticize the plan. Mr. Riepe showed up with photos of the birds and animals that lived, and thrived, beside the airport. Mr. Mundy rose and said, “The people in the back of the bay, they know the bay.”
Jamaica Bay’s conservationists — fishermen and firefighters, limousine drivers and owners of small boats — are not your typical tree-hugging types, not “Upper West Side, Park Slope, brownstone Brooklyn people,” as Mr. Riepe put it. They are people like Mr. Lewandowski from the canoe club, a transit official, who described the bird migrations on the bay succinctly: “The birds fly down from wherever in Canada. They, you know, take a rest. Then they fly on.”
This is appropriate and seems to have worked quite well, especially in the matter of the airport plan, which many on the bay assume will never happen, if only because it would require a gridlocked Congress to amend current law. While professional environmentalists like Mr. Sewell have provided the science and a certain intellectual heft to the fight to save the bay, the hard, early work was done by local residents themselves.
One hot afternoon, after leaving the waters near the airport, Mr. Riepe steered the Oystercatcher into Vernam Basin, a rank industrial inlet on the bayside of the Rockaway Peninsula. A large cement plant sat on the bulkhead. Derelict barges were covered in graffiti. A motorboat with a classic local name, the “How U’ Doin,” lay abandoned in the oily flats near shore.
Floating for a moment, not quite shaking his head, Mr. Riepe expressed the common and commonsense attitude toward saving Jamaica Bay.
“It just makes sense,” he said. “It’s just intuitive to protect it.”
He paused, then continued.
“Because it’s beautiful — and natural,” he said.
【难度LSAT3-5】
LSAT第05套 SECTION III
Until recently many astronomers believed that asteroids travel about the solar system unaccompanied by satellites. These astronomers assumed this because they considered asteroid-satellite systems inherently unstable. Theoreticians could have told them otherwise: even minuscule bodies in the solar system can theoretically have satellites, as long as everything is in proper scale. If a bowling ball were orbiting about the Sun in the asteroid belt, it could have a pebble orbiting it as far away as a few hundred radii (or about 50 meters) without losing the pebble to the Sun’s gravitational pull.
Observations now suggest that asteroid satellites may exists not only in theory but also in reality. Several astronomers have noticed, while watching asteroids pass briefly in front of stars, that something besides the known asteroid sometimes blocks out the star as well. Is that something a satellite?
The most convincing such report concerns the asteroid Herculina, which was due to pass in front of a star in 1978. Astronomers waiting for the predicted event found not just one occultation, or eclipse, of the star, but two distinct drops in brightness. One was the predicted occultation, exactly on time. The other, lasting about five seconds, preceded the predicted event by about two minutes. The presence of a secondary body near Herculina thus seemed strongly indicated. To cause the secondary occultation, an unseen satellite would have to be about 45 kilometers in diameter, a quarter of the size of Herculina, and at a distance of 990 kilometers from the asteroid at the time. These values are within theoretical bounds, and such an asteroid-satellite pair could be stable.
With the Herculina event, apparent secondary occultations became “respectable”—and more commonly reported. In fact, so common did reports of secondary events become that they are now simply too numerous for all of them to be accurate. Even if every asteroid has as many satellites as can be fitted around it without an undue number of collisions, only one in every hundred primary occultations would be accompanied by a secondary event (one in every thousand if asteroid satellites system resembled those of the planets).
Yet even astronomers who find the case for asteroid satellites unconvincing at present say they would change their minds if a photoelectric record were made of a well-behaved secondary event. By “well-behaved” they mean that during occultation the observed brightness must drop sharply as the star winks out and must rise sharply as it reappears from behind the obstructing object, but the brightness during the secondary occultation must drop to that of the asteroid, no higher and no lower. This would make it extremely unlikely that an airplane or a glitch in the instruments was masquerading as an occulting body.
1. Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
(A) The observation of Herculina represented the crucial event that astronomical observers and theoreticians had been waiting for to establish a convincing case for the stability of asteroid-satellite systems.
(B) Although astronomers long believed that observation supports the existence of stable asteroid-satellite systems, numerous recent reports have increased skepticism on this issue in astronomy.
(C) Theoreticians’ views on the stability of asteroid-satellite systems may be revised in the light of reports like those about Herculina.
(D) Astronomers continue to consider it respectable to doubt the stability of asteroid-satellite systems, but new theoretical developments may change their views.
(E) The Herculina event suggests that theoreticians’ views about asteroid-satellite systems may be correct, and astronomers agree about the kind of evidence needed to clearly resolve the issue.
2. Which one of the following is mentioned in the passage as providing evidence that Herculina has a satellite?
(A) the diameter of a body directly observed near Herculina
(B) the distance between Herculina and planet nearest to it
(C) the shortest possible time in which satellites of Herculina, if any, could complete a single orbit
(D) the occultation that occurred shortly before the predicted occultation by Herculina
(E) the precise extent to which observed brightness dropped during the occultation by Herculina
3. According to the passage, the attitude of astronomers toward asteroid satellites since the Herculina event can best described as
(A) open-mindedness combined with a concern for rigorous standards of proof
(B) contempt for and impatience with the position held by theoreticians
(C) bemusement at a chaotic mix of theory, inadequate or spurious data, and calls for scientific rigor
(D) hardheaded skepticism, implying rejection of all data not recorded automatically by state-of-the-art instruments
(E) admiration for the methodical process by which science progresses from initial hypothesis to incontrovertible proof
4. The author implies that which one of the following was true prior to reports of the Herculina event?
(A) Since no good theoretical model existed, all claims that reports of secondary occultations were common were disputed.
(B) Some of the reported observations of secondary occultations were actually observations of collisions of satellites with one another.
(C) If there were observations of phenomena exactly like the phenomena now labeled secondary occultations, astronomers were less likely than to have reported such observations.
(D) The prevailing standards concerning what to classify as a well-behaved secondary event were less stringent than they are now.
(E) Astronomers were eager to publish their observations of occultations of stars by satellites of asteroids.
5. The information presented in the passage implies which one of the following about the frequency of reports of secondary occultations after the Herculina event?
(A) The percentage of reports of primary occultations that also included reports of secondary occultations increased tenfold compared to the time before the Herculina event.
(B) Primary occultations by asteroids were reported to have been accompanied by secondary occultations in about one out of every thousand cases.
(C) The absolute number of reports of secondary occultations increased tenfold compared to the time before the Herculina event.
(D) Primary occultations by asteroids were reported to have been accompanied by secondary occultations in more than one out of every hundred cases.
(E) In more than one out of every hundred cases, primary occultations were reported to have been accompanied by more than one secondary occultation.
6. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) cast doubts on existing reports of secondary occultations of stars
(B) describe experimental efforts by astronomers to separate theoretically believable observations of satellites of asteroids from spurious ones
(C) review the development of ideas among astronomers about whether or not satellites of asteroids exist
(D) bring a theoretician’s perspective to bear on an incomplete discussion of satellites of asteroids
(E) illustrate the limits of reasonable speculation concerning the occultation of stars
7. The passage suggests that which one of the following would most help to resolve the question of whether asteroids have satellites?
(A) a review of pre-1978 reports of secondary occultations
(B) an improved theoretical model of stable satellite systems
(C) a photoelectric record of a well-behaved secondary occultation
(D) a more stringent definition of what constitutes a well-behaved secondary occultation
(E) a powerful telescope that would permit a comparison of ground-based observation with those made from airplanes
答案（本行选中可见）：EDACD CC |
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发表于 2011-7-31 02:05:46
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发表于 2011-7-31 22:24:21
