GWD 1-2

eSpirit

以下是引用ringcheng在2005-3-21 11:18:00的发言：

找到一个支持B选项的例子，请看大全sec-04-21:

21.   With its plan to develop seven and a half acres of shore land, Cleveland is but one of a large number of communities on the Great Lakes that is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract new businesses.

(A) is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract

(B) is looking at its waterfront to improve the quality of urban life and attract

(C) are looking to their waterfronts to improve the quality of urban life and attract

(D) are looking to its waterfront as a way of improving the quality of urban life and attracting（key:C）

(E) are looking at their waterfronts as a way they can improve the quality of urban life and attract

在此句中，that紧跟在the Great Lakes后面，那么that定语从句是否直接修饰the Great Lakes呢？正确答案告诉我们不是的。很明显，on the Great Lakes 是作one of a large number of communities的定语，而that 定语从句是跳跃了great lakes 修饰communities。

这个例子应该可以很好佐证为什么原题选B而不选E了。

原题：

By merging its two publishing divisions, the company will increase their share of the country’s $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging from obscure textbooks to mass-market paperbacks.

1. their share of the country’s $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging
   
   
2. from 6 percent to 10 percent its share of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges
   
   
3. to 10 percent from 6 percent in their share of the $21 billion book market in the country, a market ranging
   
   
4. in its share, from 6 percent to 10 percent, of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges
   
   
5. to 10 percent from 6 percent its share of the country’s $21 billion book market, which ranges

非常赞同这个观点！！

eSpirit

另外的佐证是OG-233对选项的解释中的一句话：

233. Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries. C

(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised

(B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised

(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising

(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised

(E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising

OG解释：Both D and E fail to use and to introduce the last item in the list, which is sleeping in these constructions.在这句话里面的which也是显然指代"the last item"的。

anyname

21.   With its plan to develop seven and a half acres of shore land, Cleveland is but one of a large number of communities on the Great Lakes that is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract new businesses.
(A) is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(B) is looking at its waterfront to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(C) are looking to their waterfronts to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(D) are looking to its waterfront as a way of improving the quality of urban life and attracting（key:C）
(E) are looking at their waterfronts as a way they can improve the quality of urban life and attract
在此句中，that紧跟在the Great Lakes后面，那么that定语从句是否直接修饰the Great Lakes呢？正确答案告诉我们不是的。很明显，on the Great Lakes 是作one of a large number of communities的定语，而that 定语从句是跳跃了great lakes 修饰communities。
这个例子应该可以很好佐证为什么原题选B而不选E了。

以上的例子佐证B的力量不是太强吧？ 我们看看that和系动词间只有两个可修饰名词，communities和Great Lakers，后者是专有名词，作不可数名词（即单数）看待，所以只有一个复数名词communities，因此用that are跳跃修饰无歧义。想想为什么要用that are，不象GMAT喜欢的风格干脆省略that are呢？避免跳跃修饰带来的歧义，对吧。

“introduce the last item in the list, which is sleeping in these constructions”, 这里which修饰当然有歧义，如果出现在题目中，而且有歧义更小的表达方式，则which这种用法就不是the best。数数its share of the $21 billion book market in the country中又有多少个which ranges可修饰的单数名词，是share which ranges，还是market which ranges，还是别的什么呢?是不是被修饰词离which越近歧义可能越小些？

另外，别忘了increase to也是idiomatic的。

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-5-16 7:17:47编辑过]

小女公子

同意B  我弱弱问一下。D哪有问题……

By merging its two publishing divisions, the company will increase their share of the country’s $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging from obscure textbooks to mass-market paperbacks.

1. their share of the country’s $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging



2. from 6 percent to 10 percent its share of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges



3. to 10 percent from 6 percent in their share of the $21 billion book market in the country, a market ranging



4. in its share, from 6 percent to 10 percent, of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges

to 10 percent from 6 percent its share of the country’s $21 billion book market, which ranges

cloudwind

以下是引用anyname在2005-5-9 14:07:00的发言：

同意杂志不能作为GMAT标准，只是见得太多，所以拿来提醒一下：我们说increase to y from x不unidiomatic是不是有点武断了。GMAT到底有说increase to y from x一定不对么？如有，请指出。如果没有，我们可不可以理解"to y"和increase的关系本来也很紧密，紧跟其后，然后“from x”作状语，也很清晰流畅呢？另外，E不能算是双重所有格吧。双重所有格是象这样的吧：A's B's C。

雙重所有格可以這樣表示
A of B's
在OG裡這是不好的用法
請看OG#202的解釋  http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=49367

202. After the Civil War, contemporaries of Harriet Tubman's maintained that she has all of the qualities of a great leader: coolness in the face of danger, an excellent sense of strategy, and an ability to plan in minute detail.
(A) Tubman's maintained that she has
(B) Tubman's maintain that she had
(C) Tubman's have maintained that she had
(D) Tubman maintained that she had
(E) Tubman had maintained that she has

In choice D, the best answer, the phrase contemporaries of Harriet Tubman presents a complete possessive without adding an apostrophe (e.g., Tubman's). Choices A, B, and C use a redundant possessive: contemporaries of Harriet Tubman's. All choices other than D have errors in verb tense. Because the sentence describes essentially simultaneous actions completed in the past, the simple past tense forms maintained and had are required. Thus, the present tense forms has and maintain are incorrect in A, B, and E, as are . the present perfect have maintained in C and the past perfect had maintained in E.

另外我也找到了一個帖子(OG#165解釋的第一個帖子)說明雙重所有格 請看以下
http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&replyid=3403&id=3403&page=1&skin=0&Star=2

OG並無法武斷說明to...from是unidiomatic，但是(A)即from...to，考試時from...to我從句意感受不到必須要強調為to...from，所以應該會尊重原題(A)的決定，保留from...to的樣子。

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-6-9 2:28:29编辑过]

jnlvo

以下是引用小女公子在2005-6-6 21:45:00的发言：

同意B  我弱弱问一下。D哪有问题……

By merging its two publishing divisions, the company will increase their share of the country’s $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging from obscure textbooks to mass-market paperbacks.

1. their share of the country’s $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging
   



2. from 6 percent to 10 percent its share of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges
   



3. to 10 percent from 6 percent in their share of the $21 billion book market in the country, a market ranging
   



4. in its share, from 6 percent to 10 percent, of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges
   

to 10 percent from 6 percent its share of the country’s $21 billion book market, which ranges

我觉得from 6 percent to 10 percent插入的位置不合适。

饼干冰淇淋

选B的解释是什么

ring_cheng

TO 楼上MM：这张贴基本上就是围绕B是对是错展开，所以还请MM自己先看一下，再一起讨论吧！

xinfaxian

以下是引用ring_cheng在2005-3-27 15:41:00的发言：

定语的指代有两个要求：一、向前找最近的词（即就近指代）二、找最合理的词（逻辑意思明确）

在OG164中

164.The commission proposed that funding for the park’s development, which could be open to the public early next year, is obtained through a local bond issue.

(A) that funding for the park’s development, which could be open to the public early next year, is--which应指the park, 但是the park's是所有格，不能做为指代对象，也就是说在which之前没有一个词符合条件二（逻辑意思明确），所以按照条件一（就近指代原则），which 只能就近指代the development。该句错

(B) that funding for development of the park, which could be open to the public early next year, be--which即符合条件一也符合条件二，最佳答案

(C) funding for the development of the park, perhaps open to the public early next year, to be--perhaps open ....就近修饰the park, 正确，但一来perhaps太口语化，二来propose后应接句子，所以此句也错

(D) funds for the park’s development, perhaps open to the public early next year, be--错误同A，the park's 是所有格，不能做为指代对象；

(E) development funding for the park, which could be open to the public early next year, is to be--最初大家对于OG的解释有疑义（Choice E, .......that such funding could be open to the public),后来在ETS给的官方回复中这点进行了修正，原话如下：In option E, however, the problem with the relative clause
is less clear. While the referent for "which" is slightly ambiguous, it is
overstating the case somewhat to claim that this phrasing "seriously
distorts meaning," and we should have chosen another aspect of the option to
emphasize in explaining why it is incorrect. In this case, the use of "is to
be" creates a more obvious and important grammatical error. We will consider
revising this explanation when a new edition of the Guide is produced, and
we appreciate your bringing this matter to our attention.
所以E的which 是就近修饰具有合理意义的the park

ETS对OG164的官方回复：http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&star=9&replyid=460999&id=53201&skin=0&page=1

从以上的分析中可以看到，“which等定语从句指代离它最近的词”这个论点固然不错，但是不要忘了还有逻辑意义的正确性。换句话说，如果在定语从句之前有可以明确指代的先行词，则在该先行词和which定语从句中间的，对于先行词有修饰作用的词原则上是可以跳过的。条件一和条件二必须放在一起使用的。OG164的A和D选项之所以错误，就是因为它们的which前面没有可以指代的词（指代对象变成了所有格），所以只能修饰最近的词。

精彩！SC 难就难在规律中也有特殊形式的出现，这时候的判断原则就是逻辑意思。

c_violet2000

考场上真遇到,我就押B了.总觉得TO...FROM要比B中的错误看起来扎眼的多.ETS应该不会拿这么unidiomatic的东西来做正确答案吧