这道逻辑题，有人不崩溃？？？。。。我崩溃。。。

雪梦儿

7. GWD28-Q7:
In 1960’s studies of rats, scientists found that crowding increases the number of attacks among the animals significantly.  But in recent experiments in which rhesus monkeys were placed in crowded conditions, although there was an increase in instances of “coping” behavior—such as submissive gestures and avoidance of dominant individuals—attacks did not become any more frequent.  Therefore it is not likely that, for any species of monkey, crowding increases aggression as significantly as was seen in rats.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A.    All the observed forms of coping behavior can be found among rhesus monkeys living in uncrowded conditions.
B.    In the studies of rats, nondominant individuals were found to increasingly avoid dominant individuals when the animals were in crowded conditions.
C.    Rhesus monkeys respond with aggression to a wider range of stimuli than any other monkeys do.
D.    Some individual monkeys in the experiment were involved in significantly more attacks than the other monkeys were.
E.    Some of the coping behavior displayed by rhesus monkeys is similar to behavior rhesus monkeys use to bring to an end an attack that has begun.




答案选C，可是我觉得A。。。为什么。。。。

zjsxsj

C, 原文证明过程中只涉及Rhesus monkeys ，但是在结论中却说any species of monkey，那么Rhesus monkeys 一定要具有代表性，能够代表所有猴子，C说Rhesus monkeys 对刺激的反应比其他猴子都要激烈，那么既然对R猴子适用的attacks did not become any more frequent，对其他猴子也是适用的，因此选C可以加强。A根本就没有加强原文的含义啊

sdcar2010

Main conclusion is the key.

it is not likely that, for any species of monkey, crowding increases aggression as significantly as was seen in rats.

"ANY" is a modifier that you have to pay attention. What the conclusion says is that, based on the observation of one type of monkey in one situation when compared with rats, we know about the behavior of all the monkeys in similar situations.

C) strengthens this claim by pointing out that this monkey is the MOST aggressive monkey in the situation.

雪梦儿

Main conclusion is the key.

it is not likely that, for any species of monkey, crowding increases aggression as significantly as was seen in rats.

"ANY" is a modifier that you have to pay attention. What the conclusion says that, based on the observation of one type of monkey in one situation when compared with rats, we know about the behavior of all the monkeys in similar situation.

C) strengthens this claim by pointing out that this monkey is the MOST aggressive monkey in the situation.

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2011/7/24 19:51:13)

也就是说，如果连这种monkey都不会表现出increased aggression的话，因为它是most aggressive的，所以其他所有的monkey也不会，所以就加强了？

可是A为什么错呢？有些support的题是和assumption的类似，我的理解是如果把A看为一个假设，取非不是会削弱吗？那应该就是可以加强才对啊。
我觉得A说了这种行为是在平时没有crowded的环境下也会有的，也就是说不是因为crowded才产生的，但是如果这种情况在uncrowded的时候没有，不是会削弱结论么？

jameshzd

亲爱滴，support 题目最好是不要拿来当assumption 题型做啊。。。support 的条件宽松些，但是assumption就比较苛刻了。另外A 中，你把它否定依然不能削弱conclusion。在uncrowded的时候没有copying behaviour，即只有在crowd 的时候才有 copying behaviour，题目中说了although there was an increase in instances of “coping” behavior，attacks did not become any more frequent，说明判断是否 跟rats 比agression的标准是attacks，你把A否定了依然是在重复叙述题干，对conclusion没有削弱作用。

deifica

C, 原文证明过程中只涉及Rhesus monkeys ，但是在结论中却说any species of monkey，那么Rhesus monkeys 一定要具有代表性，能够代表所有猴子，C说Rhesus monkeys 对刺激的反应比其他猴子都要激烈，那么既然对R猴子适用的attacks did not become any more frequent，对其他猴子也是适用的，因此选C可以加强。A根本就没有加强原文的含义啊

-- by 会员 zjsxsj (2011/7/24 19:38:22)

同意这位筒子，A和问题没有关系，只是说一个事实，而没有任何削弱或者加强的作用。。

雪梦儿

亲爱滴，support 题目最好是不要拿来当assumption 题型做啊。。。support 的条件宽松些，但是assumption就比较苛刻了。另外A 中，你把它否定依然不能削弱conclusion。在uncrowded的时候没有copying behaviour，即只有在crowd 的时候才有 copying behaviour，题目中说了although there was an increase in instances of “coping” behavior，attacks did not become any more frequent，说明判断是否 跟rats 比agression的标准是attacks，你把A否定了依然是在重复叙述题干，对conclusion没有削弱作用。

-- by 会员 jameshzd (2011/7/24 22:25:32)

是不是可以理解为，copying behaviour的比较事实上根本就是无关的，与attact咋滴咋滴没有任何关系呢？

support拿来当assumption 是陈向东的书里的其中一种题型。。。。其实取非我一向觉得不好使。。。因为我掌握不到位。。。呵呵

jameshzd

是的，copying behaviour 的比较是无关的，因为判断的标准是 attack。
我觉得SDCAR牛牛 系列讲的很清楚了，只有necessary assumption 才取非的，其他的为啥要取非呢？有时候取非 还不好想些。

duoleshi

御寒

C: 面对刺激时，R monkey 会比其他monkey更容易做出aggression的反应
in crowding condition, R monkey没有aggression，因此其他monkey更不可能aggression. 增强了结论中将R monkey的表现扩大到总结出all monkey也会做出如此表现的样本可信度。