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lz 记得那个青蛙的例子是这个嘛? 2.1.5蟾蜍与青蛙 P1: 第一段说两个科学家做蛙类卵的孵化率field study,三个品种的卵拿来照紫外线,第一个品种因为含有某种酶,此酶的activity很活跃因此抵挡紫外线,所以孵化率仍然很高,另外两个的酶 activities较低,所以孵化率就不行了,要减少紫外线照射孵化率才会回升。所以证明这个酶跟孵化率有关。 然后说到这个酶还会影响到蛙类的免疫系统。[说青蛙/癞蛤蟆卵对太阳光中的紫外线辐射UV的忍耐度不太一样,有些忍耐力很强,有些则很容易就被kill掉了。三种蛙,有一类H很NB就具有很高的耐受性,另外两种H和B不太行,有了UV就萎了,只有把UV移去才能恢复正常。而且说紫外线照射不仅会影响卵的生长,还会由此影响青蛙的免疫系统] P2: 说到人类污染导致臭氧减少,紫外线升高,于是很多蛙类的孵化率降低可能是这个原因云云。[讲了这三种eggs的免疫力的问题,说他们的免疫力强的时候也能提高孵化率。但是人类活动不断deplete ozone,使更多紫外线能够到达地球,影响了eggs的免疫力,所以孵化率就降低了。] 题目: 1、主旨 选阐述科学发现那个 2、削弱:一道问下面那个削弱作者观点,这个观点好像是,什么暴露在UV射线下使得青蛙的免疫力下降,因为这样会使得青蛙更容易被一种真菌感染[下列哪个选项能weaken专家关于免疫力的观点?] 原文搜索:dumdumface (已有狗主人确认第一段为原文,但也有狗主人称不是这段,可能是GMAC出变体了,大家自行定夺,建议最好还是看下这段英文~)
Blaustein and his colleagues tested whether or not UV-B could be a factor in lowering the hatching rate of amphibian(两栖动物) eggs. At two field sites, they divided the eggs of each of three amphibian species into three groups (Figure 3.6). The first group developed without any sun filter(过滤器,滤光器). The second group developed under a filter(滤波器,过滤器) that allowed UV-B to pass through. The third group developed under a filter that blocked UV-B from reaching the eggs. For Hyla regilla, the filters had no effect, and hatching success was excellent under all three conditions. For Rana cascadea and Bufo boreas, however, the UV-B blocking filter raised the percentage of eggs hatched from about 60% to close to 80%.
The environmental programs of experimental embryology(胚胎学) were a major part of the discipline when Entwicklungsmechanik was first established. However, it soon became obvious that experimental variables could be better controlled in the laboratory than in the field, and that a scientist could do many more experiments in the laboratory. Thus, field experimentation in embryology dwindled(变小) in the first decades of the twentieth century (see Nyhart 1995). However, with our increasing concern about the environment, this area of developmental biology has become increasingly important. Other recent work in this field will be detailed in Chapter 21.
[主要说科学家在研究是什么因素导致了frog数量减少,好像反正是一种动物。科学家假设是因为frog卵细胞中可以修复DNA的酶活性不够,第二段可是做试验,一共选了三种frog,一种frog的卵在经过阳光照射后DNA损伤不大,对应的这种frog在野外的数量也没有显着减少,两外两种frog的卵经过阳光照射后DNA损失大,因为他们修复DNA的酶的活性不如第一个。第三段说科学家分析frog数量减少也有人类破环臭氧层的关系。但是由于没有以前 frog卵受阳光照射强度的资料,现在这个假说也没有被完全证实。 问题: 1、问此文purpose? 我的答案貌似是identify an explanation to some findings 2、还有问如果把那做实验的两组不同frog放在同一地方会咋样,我说这是depend on the extent to shield from the sun 3、有一道题问从文章中可以推测出那两种DNA损失大的frog的什么 我选的是他们的DNA损伤随着光照强度的变化而不同。] |
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