建房材料（水泥）疑似原文求确认（已确认，90%原文）

ddswendy

不知道之前是否有人找到过。如果重复了请筒子们自动忽略。另外还有一个中文链接：http://www.ecocn.org/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=8398和下文一样，有部分翻译，缺少最后一段。
蓝色字体是lz个人认为GMAC删节掉的。


  FANS of cement like to point out that it is the most widely used substance on the planet after water. Unfortunately it is also one of the most polluting. The main ingredient in concrete, cement is made by heating limestone and clay until they fuse into a material called clinker, which is then ground up and mixed with various additives. Both the heating, which is normally fuelled by coal, and the chemical reaction it induces release large amounts of carbon dioxide, and so contribute to global warming. By the industry's own admission, cement-making accounts for some 5% of the world's emissions of greenhouse gases—twice the amount attributed to aviation.

     The European Union already restricts emissions from cement kilns, and other jurisdictions are likely to follow suit. The biggest cement firms have joined an outfit called the Cement Sustainability Initiative, which promises to realise voluntary emissions cuts—doubtless in the hope of heading off further regulation. But with demand for cement growing by around 5% annually, the industry's environmental headaches are only likely to grow.

Lafarge, Holcim and Cemex, the three biggest firms in the business, have all pledged to cut the emissions from each tonne of cement they make: the first two by a fifth by 2010 and Cemex by a quarter by 2015. So far, they are all more or less on track. In 2006, for example, Holcim's emissions per tonne were 16% below the level of 1990.

The cuts come in three main areas. First, cement-makers are trying to make their kilns more efficient and so reduce the amount of energy needed per unit of output. Second, they are replacing fossil fuels such as coal and coke with alternatives such as farm waste or used tyres. Third, they are mixing more additives into their cement, and so reducing the proportion of emissions-intensive clinker.

But all three tactics have their limits. Cement-makers have been improving the efficiency of their kilns for over a century, leaving relatively little scope for further big gains. Fuel substitution is also difficult: environmental activists worry that burning waste might release noxious chemicals. Indeed, Greenpeace's campaigns against cement plants have focused more on the dangers of waste incineration than on their role in climate change. And building codes limit the extent to which cement can be diluted with additives.

Moreover, these measures yield only marginal benefits. Demand for cement is growing faster than emissions per tonne are falling, leading to an overall increase in emissions. Holcim's total emissions, for example, have risen by two-thirds since 1990. Lafarge has pledged to cut its overall emissions in rich countries, where demand is growing relatively sluggishly. But at the same time it hopes to expand rapidly in emerging markets. In mid-December it agreed to buy the cement division of Orascom, an Egyptian conglomerate, for ?.8 billion ($12.9 billion).

Cement firms see no way to alter the basic chemistry of cement-making. In time, they say, they may be able to capture the carbon dioxide they produce and store it underground, just as some utilities propose to do with some power stations. They also point out that the stronger and more flexible varieties of cement and concrete they have developed can be used more sparingly. Bruno Lafont, the boss of Lafarge, proudly indicates a photograph of an impossibly thin pedestrian bridge built with one such miracle product. Instead of blaming the cement industry, he says, anxious environmentalists should take on the construction industry as a whole. Buildings could be more energy-efficient with such materials, and smarter architecture and city planning could reduce the demand for cement and concrete.

David Santillo of Greenpeace supports such initiatives, but argues that the industry will ultimately need to come up with a substitute for cement. There are various alternatives, including binding agents derived from oil and silicon—but none has achieved much commercial success. Mr Lafont, meanwhile, says he spends a week in the laboratory every year, urging Lafarge's boffins on.

sevenmiles

对照一下，貌似还真像

"by giselleamzxx
还有一篇是叫做cement的东东，是用来建房子的材料。生产它的过程是把limestone还有clay加一起，然后再L开头的单词里烧。这个过程需要用fuel。需要加addictive。生产C会产生好多二氧化碳，导致温室效应。所以EU要求节能减排。他们的工场开始响应号召，想减低CO2的排放。他们提高了一个神马东东燃烧的efficiency，添加更多的addctive，还有就是不用fuel而用动物燃烧wood/animal waste来做fuel--但是这个方案不好（后文提到），因为会有有毒气体产生（此处一共有3个响应措施）。
下一段总起说这些措施不靠谱，然后一一说明其不靠谱之处。然后环保人士在此处的看法：他们其实不关心CO2，而是关心waste(好似是fuel使用的浪费）
在下一段，更加明确说公司采取的3个步骤特别不靠谱，尤其他加入addictive会导致不符合building code.所以（忘了：大概是倡导其他的取代cement的东西来做building)。

很贴近，我记不得具体题目了，文章是不难的
好像还有一问题是说，环保工作者真正care的是什么。需要细节定位。"

ddswendy

哇，考古达人也来啦。根据考古里面一句：“所以水泥企业说他们将，虽然暂时还不能，像有些人提议的那样，把排放的东西埋到地下去。有人提议把应该把建筑物作为一个整体来考虑，整体造的好的建筑，也许能在其他方面减少排放。建议去咨询建筑学家，也许他们能想出办法，让水泥里所必须的CL成分少一些”，对应倒数第四段，基本可以确定了。but，里面有些段落被删节掉了。

sevenmiles

原文四段：
V6 (730)
p1简介水泥是石灰石和XX反应生成个CL什么（下面就称CL了）。并介绍水泥生产过程的危害（用煤做燃料排放二氧化碳等等的）

对应
FANS of cement like to point out that it is the most widely used substance on the planet after water. Unfortunately it is also one of the most polluting. The main ingredient in concrete, cement is made by heating limestone and clay until they fuse into a material called clinker, which is then ground up and mixed with various additives. Both the heating, which is normally fuelled by coal, and the chemical reaction it induces release large amounts of carbon dioxide, and so contribute to global warming. By the industry's own admission, cement-making accounts for some 5% of the world's emissions of greenhouse gases—twice the amount attributed to aviation.

The European Union already restricts emissions from cement kilns, and other jurisdictions are likely to follow suit. The biggest cement firms have joined an outfit called the Cement Sustainability Initiative, which promises to realise voluntary emissions cuts—doubtless in the hope of heading off further regulation. But with demand for cement growing by around 5% annually, the industry's environmental headaches are only likely to grow.

p2说政府要求企业实现一个保证（Pledge），而很多企业在这方面正取得进步。以其中一个公司为例，这个公司采取了三个措施：（1）提高cement-kiln(大概是这么个词，不知道什么意思）的效率（efficiency)。（2）替换加热能源。（3）生产过程中加入更多的添加剂（additives）。
Lafarge, Holcim and Cemex, the three biggest firms in the business, have all pledged to cut the emissions from each tonne of cement they make: the first two by a fifth by 2010 and Cemex by a quarter by 2015. So far, they are all more or less on track. In 2006, for example, Holcim's emissions per tonne were 16% below the level of 1990.

The cuts come in three main areas. First, cement-makers are trying to make their kilns more efficient and so reduce the amount of energy needed per unit of output. Second, they are replacing fossil fuels such as coal and coke with alternatives such as farm waste or used tyres. Third, they are mixing more additives into their cement, and so reducing the proportion of emissions-intensive clinker.


p3说但是以上三种方法实际上都不靠谱。因为（1）水泥企业已经经历了很长时间的发展，效率已经到了极限，没有多少提高的空间。（2）忘了。。。。（3）添加剂不能加太多。实际上建筑标准（construction coding)水泥里成分比例有规定，CL不能太少。

But all three tactics have their limits. Cement-makers have been improving the efficiency of their kilns for over a century, leaving relatively little scope for further big gains. Fuel substitution is also difficult: environmental activists worry that burning waste might release noxious chemicals. Indeed, Greenpeace's campaigns against cement plants have focused more on the dangers of waste incineration than on their role in climate change. And building codes limit the extent to which cement can be diluted with additives.

p4说此外（Moreover），水泥需求的增加速度远远超过了排放的下降速度。所以水泥企业说他们将，虽然暂时还不能，像有些人提议的那样，把排放的东西埋到地下去。有人提议把应该把建筑物作为一个整体来考虑，整体造的好的建筑，也许能在其他方面减少排放。建议去咨询建筑学家，也许他们能想出办法，让水泥里所必须的CL成分少一些。

Cement firms see no way to alter the basic chemistry of cement-making. In time, they say, they may be able to capture the carbon dioxide they produce and store it underground, just as some utilities propose to do with some power stations. They also point out that the stronger and more flexible varieties of cement and concrete they have developed can be used more sparingly. Bruno Lafont, the boss of Lafarge, proudly indicates a photograph of an impossibly thin pedestrian bridge built with one such miracle product. Instead of blaming the cement industry, he says, anxious environmentalists should take on the construction industry as a whole. Buildings could be more energy-efficient with such materials, and smarter architecture and city planning could reduce the demand for cement and concrete.
其中有一题问，要实现文章第二段的保证（Pledge），水泥企业最好的办法是什么。
我选的答案是改进水泥制造工艺，降低石灰石和XX反应需要的温度。
还有一题问第四段的作用是什么
我选的是进一步解释如何解决（overcome）第三段提出的目前采用方法的局限性（limitations）。

sevenmiles

个人认为就是原文，可惜这不是高频阅读

ddswendy

介么说就素原文啦，我继续八高频去。可惜英文水平有限，在中文世界里我是搜索大王。

sevenmiles

介么说就素原文啦

-- by 会员 ddswendy (2011/7/10 22:02:09)

嗯，应该就是的

syangg

支持支持~~

oo7

辛苦了

hadron

LZ很利害！
之前印象中在N年前看过那篇every day low price的，想google出来，可是没有成功，想问楼主如何搜索的啊?