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Tiger beetles are such fast runners that they can capture virtually any nonflying insect. However, when running toward an insect, the beetles intermittently stop, and then, a moment later, resume their attack. Perhaps they cannot maintain their pace and must pause for a moment's rest; but an alternative hypothesis is that while running tiger beetles are unable to process the resulting rapidly changing visual information, and so quickly go blind and stop.

Which of the following, if discovered in experiments using
artificially moved prey insects, would support one of the two hypotheses and undermine the other?

正确答案: C

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old prep1 CR 24 “急求高人解释”

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楼主
发表于 2011-6-29 23:20:23 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
24.(29155-!-item-!-188;#058&003857)



Tiger beetles are such fast runners that they can capture virtually any nonflying insect.However, when running toward an insect, the beetles intermittently stop, and then, a moment later, resume their attack.Perhaps they cannot maintain their pace and must pause for a moment's rest; but an alternative hypothesis is that while running tiger beetles are unable to process the resulting rapidly changing visual information, and so quickly go blind and stop.



Which of the following, if discovered in experiments using artificially moved prey insects, would support one of the two hypotheses and undermine the other?



(A) When a prey insect is moved directly toward a beetle that has been chasing it, the beetle immediately turns and runs away without its usual intermittent stopping.

(B) In pursuing a moving insect, the beetles usually respond immediately to changes in the insect's direction, and pause equally frequently whether the chase is up or down an incline.

(C) The beetles maintain a fixed time interval between pauses, although when an insect that had been stationary begins to flee, the beetle increases its speed after its next pause.

(D) If, when a beetle pauses, it has not gained on the insect it is pursuing, the beetle generally ends its pursuit.

(E) When an obstacle is suddenly introduced just in front of running beetles, the beetles sometimes stop immediately, but they never respond by running around the barrier.


答案C
问题: 为什么C正确?为什么B错了
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沙发
发表于 2011-6-29 23:29:52 | 只看该作者
c ,前一部分说每隔一段时间休息一下,支持了第一个;although之后讲不是由于视觉造成的,反驳后者
板凳
 楼主| 发表于 2011-6-30 00:06:17 | 只看该作者
不是很理解“although之后讲不是由于视觉造成的,反驳后者 ”,能否解释一下啊
地板
发表于 2011-6-30 08:05:18 | 只看该作者
我也选得B,目前没想通透,the beetles usually respond immediately to changes in the insect's direction这句应该排除了视觉问题那个假设,这个应该没有异议吧
所以问题可能出现在后半句上,我猜:题目说不管是上坡下坡它都以同样的频率休息。上坡和下坡应该消耗体力应该不一样的,如果符合那个maintain pace 的假设的话,它上坡的时候比较累要更频繁的休息,下坡的时候会不那么频繁。所以B选项不能支持maintain pace 的假设。
目前我就这么理解了。不知道对不对
5#
发表于 2011-6-30 09:03:02 | 只看该作者
是不是B两个假设都反驳了
6#
 楼主| 发表于 2011-6-30 15:37:06 | 只看该作者
我也选得B,目前没想通透,the beetles usually respond immediately to changes in the insect's direction这句应该排除了视觉问题那个假设,这个应该没有异议吧
所以问题可能出现在后半句上,我猜:题目说不管是上坡下坡它都以同样的频率休息。上坡和下坡应该消耗体力应该不一样的,如果符合那个maintain pace 的假设的话,它上坡的时候比较累要更频繁的休息,下坡的时候会不那么频繁。所以B选项不能支持maintain pace 的假设。
目前我就这么理解了。不知道对不对
-- by 会员 Lusiazh1989 (2011/6/30 8:05:18)



恩,这个看倒是可以理解为B项把两个都给否决了。
那C呢?还是不是很理解
7#
发表于 2011-7-1 06:43:11 | 只看该作者
C应该是support视觉假设,否定maintain pace的假设。although when an insect that had been stationary begins to flee, the beetle increases its speed after its next pause.即使他在追得那个昆虫要逃跑了,他也不是马上加速,而是停下来之后才加速。也就是说它不停下来,是不知道昆虫要逃跑了的,只有停下来处理一下vision的信息才知道,之后才加速。这样可以support 视觉假设
如果是为了休息, 他加速应该消耗的体力更大吧,之后不应该还是相同时间间隔的休息。但选项的意思显然是即使他加速了,还是maintain fixed time interval between pauses。否定了停下是为了休息的假想。

我做的时候很容易就发现B和C是要让人纠结一下的选项。但是想来想去不知道为什么还是选了B。苍天啊。。之后看了答案就笑自己了,然后想了很久,就这么解释来说服自己。但是当时做题的时候真的没想到阿。。
8#
发表于 2011-7-1 08:26:36 | 只看该作者
翻译一下C就可以知道为什么了:

Tiger Beetle 保持着一种固定间歇时间,然后加速继续追击。即使飞虫先停止,而后突然跑动也是如此。

这就是支持了第一种,即它不能保持长时间奔跑,必须有歇息时间。

同时,削弱了第二种假设,即迅速移动的物体会导致其失明,并停止追击。(飞虫跑动时会迅速移动,但它还是能继续跟踪追击,并没有失明)

B只是支持第一种,即“TB可以追踪不断改变方向的飞虫,但需中间休息”,没有削弱第二种。而且根据题干“TB可以捕捉几乎所有停止不动的虫子”,并没有说他可以追逐上下飞动的虫子。所以,其实也没有完全支持第一种。
9#
发表于 2011-7-1 21:56:47 | 只看该作者
谢谢版主的翻译,一直都没有看懂题。

我又看了一下manhatten, http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/tiger-beetles-are-such-fast-runners-cr-t3238.html。

有对C的解释,我觉得很对。支持了眼瞎的假设,驳斥了体力不济的假设。

还有对与B, 我觉得应该驳斥了眼瞎的假设,但是虫子方向一变,beetle 马上转方向;
           但是也驳斥支持体力不济的假设,不管上坡,还是下坡,停顿次数相同。如果体力不济,上坡应该停顿更多。
10#
 楼主| 发表于 2011-7-2 10:26:41 | 只看该作者
C应该是support视觉假设,否定maintain pace的假设。although when an insect that had been stationary begins to flee, the beetle increases its speed after its next pause.即使他在追得那个昆虫要逃跑了,他也不是马上加速,而是停下来之后才加速。也就是说它不停下来,是不知道昆虫要逃跑了的,只有停下来处理一下vision的信息才知道,之后才加速。这样可以support 视觉假设
如果是为了休息, 他加速应该消耗的体力更大吧,之后不应该还是相同时间间隔的休息。但选项的意思显然是即使他加速了,还是maintain fixed time interval between pauses。否定了停下是为了休息的假想。

我做的时候很容易就发现B和C是要让人纠结一下的选项。但是想来想去不知道为什么还是选了B。苍天啊。。之后看了答案就笑自己了,然后想了很久,就这么解释来说服自己。但是当时做题的时候真的没想到阿。。
-- by 会员 Lusiazh1989 (2011/7/1 6:43:11)



终于理解C项的含义,谢谢!
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