SDCAR2010【逻辑入门】（九）Flaw (part 1)

笨蛋加油

In order to attract new citizens with new housing and new facilities, the city plans to require the developers (who are seeking permission to build new houses) to pay for these additional facilities out of their own pocket.

A) says that the builders will pass on the extra cost to buyers. Thus the price of the new houses will be inflated. As a result, the potential buyers might be turned away. The plan will fail.

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2012/2/10 12:59:13)

嗯，lz这么解释我算是明白这题目的意思了。不过还有一点儿很纠结的事情需要求教，感觉在lz每部分举得例子中，每个argument的前提结论还算比较明显，看完所有帖子之后，回头再做OG和prep，想要根据一些套路去分析每一句话是什么成分，却发现OG和prep上的题目都没有很明显的前提和结论，就算是main conclusion的题目也不明显。我在反思是不是我把前提和结论给理解错了？就比如上题，我总是用因为所以或者if then去替换，而上题这类却不行。甚至我会感觉题目有好大篇幅都是在写background。。。说了这么老多也不知道我表达清楚了没有，望lz帮帮我~

笨蛋加油

还有哦，must be true 的题型，感觉很多argument中根本就没有conclusion，而是让我们来选conclusion。是我对前提和结论理解的不到位还是真的存在这种情况？

笨蛋加油

In order to attract new citizens with new housing and new facilities, the city plans to require the developers (who are seeking permission to build new houses) to pay for these additional facilities out of their own pocket.

A) says that the builders will pass on the extra cost to buyers. Thus the price of the new houses will be inflated. As a result, the potential buyers might be turned away. The plan will fail.

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2012/2/10 12:59:13)

嗯，lz这么解释我算是明白这题目的意思了。不过还有一点儿很纠结的事情需要求教，感觉在lz每部分举得例子中，每个argument的前提结论还算比较明显，看完所有帖子之后，回头再做OG和prep，想要根据一些套路去分析每一句话是什么成分，却发现OG和prep上的题目都没有很明显的前提和结论，就算是main conclusion的题目也不明显。我在反思是不是我把前提和结论给理解错了？就比如上题，我总是用因为所以或者if then去替换，而上题这类却不行。甚至我会感觉题目有好大篇幅都是在写background。。。说了这么老多也不知道我表达清楚了没有，望lz帮帮我~

-- by 会员 笨蛋加油 (2012/2/10 16:39:15)

厄。。。回来继续问，像这种为了。。。而。。。也就是目的+方法的，那么目的是premise是方法是conclusion？怎么就是感觉如此别扭？？？

笨蛋加油

67.    (34143-!-item-!-188;#058&007613)

Transnational cooperation among corporations is experiencing a modest renaissance among United States firms, even though projects undertaken by two or more corporations under a collaborative agreement are less profitable than projects undertaken by a single corporation.  The advantage of transnational cooperation is that such joint international projects may allow United States firms to win foreign contracts that they would not otherwise be able to win.

Which of the following is information provided by the passage?

(A) Transnational cooperation involves projects too big for a single corporation to handle.
(B) Transnational cooperation results in a pooling of resources leading to high-quality performance.
(C) Transnational cooperation has in the past been both more common and less common than it is now among United States firms.
(D) Joint projects between United States and foreign corporations are not profitable enough to be worth undertaking.
(E) Joint projects between United States and foreign corporations benefit only those who commission the projects.
再举个例子解释一下我的疑惑到底在哪。您看这题，竟然用一个 renaissance 来判题，让我很纠结这逻辑题以后要怎么读。。。

justeva

对哦，接楼上的问~是不是所有argument里都有premise和conclusion呢~还是一些conclusion是隐藏的~？

sdcar2010

Transnational cooperation among corporations is experiencing a modest renaissance among United States firms (Conclusion), even thoughprojects undertaken by two or more corporations under a collaborative agreement are less profitable than projects undertaken by a single corporation (concession).  The advantage of transnational cooperation is that such joint international projects may allow United States firms to win foreign contracts that they would not otherwise be able to win (Premise).

This is the structure: [Conclusion], even though [Concencession], (because) [Premise].

ALL argument has a premise and and a conclusion.

athenawujj

35. Because of increases in the price of oil and because of government policies promoting energy conservation, the use of oil to heat homes fell by 40 percent from 1970 to the present, and many homeowners switched to natural gas for heating. Because switching to natural gas involved investing in equipment, a significant switch back to oil in the near future is unlikely.

The prediction that ends the passage would be most seriously called into question if it were true that in the last few years. （Flaw）
演绎题须两者都出现
A.    the price of natural gas to heat homes has remained constant, while the cost of equipment to heat homes with natural gas has fallen sharply.
B.    the price of home heating oil has remained constant, while the cost of equipment to heat home with natural gas has risen sharply.
C.    the cost of equipment to heat homes with natural gas has fallen sharply, while the price of home heating oil has fallen to 1970 levels.
D.    the cost of equipment to heat homes with oil has fallen sharply, while the price of heating with oil has fallen below the price of heating with natural gas
E.    the use of oil to heat homes has continued to decline, while the price of heating oil has fallen to 1970 levels

Dear SDCAR,i don't understand why not chosE b?tHE KEY IS d

sdcar2010

Notice the phrase "switch back"?  That phrase limits the scope of the question to those who are currently using natural gas and who will switch back to oil.

B) basically has no impact on the decision of these people, because it does not give any info about oil heating.

松浦元

SDCAR2010，你好~~，我这两天正在看你的总结，收获很多。不过我想问一下你，这个第一题（就是f the law punishes littering, then the city has an obligation to provide trash cans. But the law does not punish littering, so the city has no such obligation.
Which one of the following exhibits a flawed pattern of reasoning most similar to that in the argument above?
(A) If today is a holiday, then the bakery will not be open. The bakery is not open for business. Thus today is a holiday.
(B) Jenny will have lots of balloons at her birthday party. There are no balloons around yet, so today is not her birthday.
(C) The new regulations will be successful only if most of the students adhere to them. Since most of the students will adhere to those regulations, the new regulations will be successful.
(D) In the event that my flight had been late, I would have missed the committee meeting. Fortunately, my flight is on time. Therefore, I will make it to the meeting.
(E) When the law is enforced, some people are jailed. But no one is in jail. So clearly the law is not enforced.）
是不是因为原命题和否命题不等价。 其他选项错的原因你能再详细解释下吗，因为我感觉B也是原命题和否命题不等价，，，，

sdcar2010

The question you asked needs to find a flawed pattern in the correct answer choice the same as the flawed pattern used in the passage.  So both the passage and the correct answer choice use the same flawed pattern.

Passage: If punish, then obligation.  Therefore, if not punish, then no obligation.  If A; then B. Therefore, if NOT A; then NOT B.

B) If B-day, then balloons.  Therefore, if no balloons, then no B-day.  If A; then B.  Therefore, If NOT B, then NOT A.

B) in fact is NOT flawed.  And B) is certainly not the correct answer.