SDCAR2010【逻辑入门】（八）Assumptions

Ellen影子

牛牛我想请问一下第七题
why A?

对A取非是怎么样？
求解！


The average thirty-year-old Chinese will have watched more than ten thousand TV commercials in his or her lifetime. Therefore, the TV commercial has influenced Chinese way of thinking.

The conclusion above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
A) The way of thinking which people develop are largely determined by external influences.
B) Anything people are exposed to in great quantity will influence their way of thinking.
C) It is impossible to avoid or ignore TV commercials.
D) Some peole find TV commercials more interesting to watch than the news broadcast every night.
E) Certain form of communication to which people are subjected will affect their way of thinking.


这题 我选了B right？

sdcar2010

This one is not a necessary assumption question. Rather, it is a sufficient assumption question because the word IF in the question stem. Hence, negation method won't work here.

牛牛我想请问一下第七题
why A?

对A取非是怎么样？
求解！


The average thirty-year-old Chinese will have watched more than ten thousand TV commercials in his or her lifetime. Therefore, the TV commercial has influenced Chinese way of thinking.

The conclusion above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
A) The way of thinking which people develop are largely determined by external influences.
B) Anything people are exposed to in great quantity will influence their way of thinking.
C) It is impossible to avoid or ignore TV commercials.
D) Some peole find TV commercials more interesting to watch than the news broadcast every night.
E) Certain form of communication to which people are subjected will affect their way of thinking.


这题 我选了B right？

-- by 会员 Ellen影子 (2011/11/19 0:55:08)

Ellen影子

Thanks for replying
i found ur explanation about question 7

馒头和被子

可能问题很愚蠢。。。。
如何判断premise和conclusion，或者premise之间有gap，这个是因为做题做多后有题感，还是确实有什么技巧，我看前面有人一下分析出来两者之间存在gap，但是我就是反应不出来。。。

安吉拉丁白痴痴

8. When people evade income taxes by not declaring taxable income, a vicious cycle results.  Tax evasion forces lawmakers to raise income tax rates, which causes the tax burden on non-evading taxpayers to become heavier.  This, in turn, encourages even more taxpayers to evade income taxes by hiding taxable income.

The vicious cycle described above could not result unless which of the following were true?
(A) An increase in tax rates tends to function as an incentive for taxpayers to try to increase their pretax incomes.
(B) Some methods for detecting tax evaders, and thus recovering some tax revenue lost through evasion, bring in more than they cost, but their success rate varies from year to year.
(C) When lawmakers establish income tax rates in order to generate a certain level of revenue, they do not allow adequately for revenue that will be lost through evasion.
(D) No one who routinely hides some taxable income can be induced by a lowering of tax rates to stop hiding such income unless fines for evaders are raised at the same time.
(E) Taxpayers do not differ from each other with respect to the rate of taxation that will cause them to evade taxes.

If you negate C), you have:
When lawmakers establish income tax rates in order to generate a certain level of revenue, they DO allow adequately for revenue that will be lost through evasion.
If this is true, the vicious cycle of – evading taxes --> tax shortfall --> raising taxes --> more people evading taxes --would not happen, because the trigger of the cycle – evading taxes would lead to tax shortfall – would not occur. Thus, the whole argument falls apart.

NN~这道题看了好久总觉得好像有点问题~这道题的问题是The vicious cycle described above could not result unless which of the following were true?所以是if not B, then A
这样看来不就是如果negate C，the vivious cycle would happen 么？ 迷惑了。。。盼解答~谢谢啦~

sdcar2010

The vicious cycle described above could not result unless which of the following were true?

not A unless B = If A, then B or If not B, then not A.

You need to recognize the "unless" clause. The above statement is the same as
1. The vicious cycle described above depends on which of the following statement?
2. If which of the following were NOT true, the vicious cycle described above could NOT result?

What you said "negate C，the vivious cycle would happen" is WRONG.

8. When people evade income taxes by not declaring taxable income, a vicious cycle results.  Tax evasion forces lawmakers to raise income tax rates, which causes the tax burden on non-evading taxpayers to become heavier.  This, in turn, encourages even more taxpayers to evade income taxes by hiding taxable income.

The vicious cycle described above could not result unless which of the following were true?
(A) An increase in tax rates tends to function as an incentive for taxpayers to try to increase their pretax incomes.
(B) Some methods for detecting tax evaders, and thus recovering some tax revenue lost through evasion, bring in more than they cost, but their success rate varies from year to year.
(C) When lawmakers establish income tax rates in order to generate a certain level of revenue, they do not allow adequately for revenue that will be lost through evasion.
(D) No one who routinely hides some taxable income can be induced by a lowering of tax rates to stop hiding such income unless fines for evaders are raised at the same time.
(E) Taxpayers do not differ from each other with respect to the rate of taxation that will cause them to evade taxes.

If you negate C), you have:
When lawmakers establish income tax rates in order to generate a certain level of revenue, they DO allow adequately for revenue that will be lost through evasion.
If this is true, the vicious cycle of – evading taxes --> tax shortfall --> raising taxes --> more people evading taxes --would not happen, because the trigger of the cycle – evading taxes would lead to tax shortfall – would not occur. Thus, the whole argument falls apart.

NN~这道题看了好久总觉得好像有点问题~这道题的问题是The vicious cycle described above could not result unless which of the following were true?所以是if not B, then A
这样看来不就是如果negate C，the vivious cycle would happen 么？ 迷惑了。。。盼解答~谢谢啦~

-- by 会员 安吉拉丁白痴痴 (2011/11/28 18:13:58)

安吉拉丁白痴痴

The vicious cycle described above could not result unless which of the following were true?

not A unless B = If A, then B or If not B, then not A.

You need to recognize the "unless" clause. The above statement is the same as
1. The vicious cycle described above depends on which of the following statement?
2. If which of the following were NOT true, the vicious cycle described above could NOT result?

What you said "negate C，the vivious cycle would happen" is WRONG.

8. When people evade income taxes by not declaring taxable income, a vicious cycle results.  Tax evasion forces lawmakers to raise income tax rates, which causes the tax burden on non-evading taxpayers to become heavier.  This, in turn, encourages even more taxpayers to evade income taxes by hiding taxable income.

The vicious cycle described above could not result unless which of the following were true?
(A) An increase in tax rates tends to function as an incentive for taxpayers to try to increase their pretax incomes.
(B) Some methods for detecting tax evaders, and thus recovering some tax revenue lost through evasion, bring in more than they cost, but their success rate varies from year to year.
(C) When lawmakers establish income tax rates in order to generate a certain level of revenue, they do not allow adequately for revenue that will be lost through evasion.
(D) No one who routinely hides some taxable income can be induced by a lowering of tax rates to stop hiding such income unless fines for evaders are raised at the same time.
(E) Taxpayers do not differ from each other with respect to the rate of taxation that will cause them to evade taxes.

If you negate C), you have:
When lawmakers establish income tax rates in order to generate a certain level of revenue, they DO allow adequately for revenue that will be lost through evasion.
If this is true, the vicious cycle of – evading taxes --> tax shortfall --> raising taxes --> more people evading taxes --would not happen, because the trigger of the cycle – evading taxes would lead to tax shortfall – would not occur. Thus, the whole argument falls apart.

NN~这道题看了好久总觉得好像有点问题~这道题的问题是The vicious cycle described above could not result unless which of the following were true?所以是if not B, then A
这样看来不就是如果negate C，the vivious cycle would happen 么？ 迷惑了。。。盼解答~谢谢啦~

-- by 会员 安吉拉丁白痴痴 (2011/11/28 18:13:58)

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2011/11/28 22:10:58)

原来是因为前面的not啊~现在懂啦~万分感激~

GTpower

这一章看的稀里糊涂的...

xiaoliupao

this is a fantastic post, learn how to analyze the CR questions gradually. Thanks to LZ!!!!!

wsyzzydy

20. In recent years, many cabinetmakers have been winning acclaim as artists. But since furniture must be useful, cabinetmakers must exercise their craft with an eye to the practical utility of their product. For this reason, cabinetmaking is not art.
Which of the following is an assumption that supports drawing the conclusion above from the reason given for that conclusion?
(A) Some furniture is made to be placed in museums, where it will not be used by anyone.
(B) Some cabinetmakers are more concerned than others with the practical utility of the products they produce.
(C) Cabinetmakers should be more concerned with the practical utility of their products than they currently are.
(D) An object is not an art object if its maker pays attention to the object’s practical utility.
(E) Artists are not concerned with the monetary value of their products.

请问下这种是necessary 还是sufficient？？
我觉得是sufficient，但是取非D也可削弱，解释答案。