天山 3 32

Kath1985

Q32:
Atheoryiseithertrueorfalse. Galileo’s observations of Jupiter’s satellites showed that the Ptolemaic theory of the motion of celestial bodies isfalse. Therefore, since the Copernican theory of planetary motion is inconsistent with the Ptolemaic account, Galileo’s observations of Jupiter’s satellites proved the truth of the Copernican theory.

The argument above is open to the objection that it makes the questionable assumption that

A. whoever first observed something inconsistent with the truth of the Ptolemaic theory should be credited with having proved that theoryfalse
B. there are some possible observations that would be inconsistent with the account given by the Copernican theory but consistent with the account given by the Ptolemaic theory
C. the Ptolemaic and Copernican theories, being inconsistent, cannot both be based on exactly the same evidence
D. numerous counterexamples were necessary in order to show the Ptolemaic theory to be false
E. the Ptolemaic and Copernican theories, being inconsistent, cannot both be false

Answer is 'E'.

請問:
D選項的意思是" 舉一些相反例子(證明P理論錯)是必須的"
而題目明明也提到和P理論不同的G和C  換句話說G和C不就是和P的反例嗎?
那為什麼D不對呢?

sdcar2010

Let's look at what happens if you choose D. If numerous counterexamples were necessary in order to show the Ptolemaic theory to be false, then the statement "Galileo’s observations of Jupiter’s satellites showed that the Ptolemaic theory of the motion of celestial bodies is false" is wrong. However, we are looking for a statement which enables the argument made in the stimulus. So D is not the correct answer.

What the author is trying to say is that since P is wrong, what ever theory disagrees with P is correct. However, two theories in disagreement could be both wrong at the same time.