9. Brain scans of people exposed to certain neurotoxins reveal brain damage identical to that found in people suffering from Parkinson's disease. This fact shows not only that these neurotoxins cause this type of brain damage, but also that the brain damage itself causes Parkinson's disease. Thus brain scans can be used to determine who is likely to develop Parkinson's disease.
The argument contains which one of the following reasoning errors?
(A) It fails to establish that other methods that can be used to diagnose Parkinson's disease are less accurate than brain scans.
(B) It overestimates the importance of early diagnosis in determining appropriate treatments for people suffering from Parkinson's disease.
(C) It mistakes a correlation between the type of brain damage described and Parkinson's disease for a causal relation between the two.
(D) It assumes that people would want to know as early as possible whether they were likely to develop Parkinson's disease.
{E} It neglects to specify how the information provided by brain scans could be used either in treating Parkinson's disease or in monitoring the progression of the disease.
答案：B，我选了C，为什么是B呢？
Dr. Kim: Electronic fetal monitors, now routinely used in hospital delivery rooms to check fetal heartbeat, are more intrusive than ordinary stethoscopes and do no more to improve the chances that a healthy baby will be born. Therefore, the additional cost of electronic monitoring is unjustified and such monitor-jog should be discontinued.
Dr. Anders: I disagree. Although you and I know that both methods are capable of providing the same information, electronic monitoring has been well worth the cost. Doctors now know the warning signs they need to listen for with stethoscopes, but only because of what was learned from using electronic monitors.
17. As a reply to Dr. Kim's argument, Dr. Anders' response is inadequate because it
(A) misses the point at issue
(B) assumes what it sets out to prove
(C) confuses high cost with high quality
(D) overestimates the importance of technology to modem medicine
(E) overlooks the fact that a procedure can be extensively used without being the best procedure available
Brain scans of people exposed to certain neurotoxins reveal brain damage identical to that found in people suffering from Parkinson's disease. Therefore, this fact shows not only that these neurotoxins cause this type of brain damage, but also that the brain damage itself causes Parkinson's disease.
Dr. Anders: . Doctors now know the warning signs they need to listen for with stethoscopes, but only because of what was learned from using electronic monitors. ==>electronic monitoring has been well worth the cost
Brain scans of people exposed to certain neurotoxins reveal brain damage identical to that found in people suffering from Parkinson's disease. Therefore, this fact shows not only that these neurotoxins cause this type of brain damage, but also that the brain damage itself causes Parkinson's disease.
仔细体会kim和Anders的结论是 kim：The additional cost is unjust and should be discontinued. 并没有说哪个好，哪个不好。重点是说个additional cost. Anders的结论：electronic monitoring 值这个价值。重点是针对electronic monitoring 。 也许加上个假设：electronic monitoring 值这个价值，所以其附加的价值也是just and should be continued。反驳就应该是合理的了。
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发表于 2003-6-1 17:25:00
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