In the last decade there has been a significant decrease in coffee consumption. During this same time, there has been increasing publicity about the adverse long-term effects on health of the caffeine in coffee. Therefore, the decrease in coffee consumption must have been caused by consumers' awareness of the harmful effects of caffeine.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the explanation above?
og_11_044 In the last decade there has been a significant decrease in coffee consumption. During this same time, there has been increasing publicity about the caffeine in coffee’s adverse long-term effects on health. Therefore, the decrease in coffee consumption must have been caused by consumers’ awareness of the harmful effects of caffeine.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the explanation above?
(A) On average, people consume 30 percent less coffee today than they did 10 years age. (B) Heavy coffee drinkers may have mild withdrawal symptoms, such as headaches, for a day or so after significantly decreasing their coffee consumption. (C) Sales of specialty types of coffee have held steady as sales of regular brands have declined. (D) The consumption of fruit juices and caffeine-free herbal teas has increased over the past decade. (E) Coffee prices increased steadily in the past decade because of unusually severe frosts in coffee-growing nations.
Two things happened together: 1) coffee consumption dropped; and 2) bad effects of coffee were publicized. Therefore, the author says that 2) caused 1) or "bad publicity of coffee led to the decrease in sale"!
Choice E) says that it is another reason - the price hike caused the drop in coffee consumtion. So E) provides an alternative explanation for 1) to happen. E) is a weakener.
(E), of course the price affects the consumption, it provides an alternative cause for lower consumption. (D) is irrelevant, since there is no guarantee that whole drinks market needs to keep stable. It is possible both drinks' consumptions increase in the same time. (ps. steady: developing, growing, etc. gradually and in an even and regular way, it can make significance if the rate changes steady for ten years.)