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===========================【CET速度】=============================
来源：http://bbs.gter.net/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=986532&extra=&highlight=&page=1（感谢草木姐姐！）
阅读要求：
每篇文章只看一分钟，一分钟之后就一定要停下来，读到哪里算哪里，这篇就算过了) H0 o: \- m! v. ~9 T* e9 `
D# O
如果上一篇没有读完，那么就要提醒自己在下一篇中加速，同时调整自己阅读的节奏感，找到最舒服的方式
Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of thesea”.Before the nineteenth century ,scientists with an interest in the seawere few and far between.
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Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in hiswritings ,but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.* j6 U( ]+ e7 j* C; O8 l% _
For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of earlyintercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea ,therewas little reason to ask many questions about it ,let alone to ask what laybeneath the surface. The first time that the question ”what is at the bottomof the oceans? ”had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when thelaying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineershad to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable thathad to be manufactured.. ^) M' y1 q+ `. M1 a( P5 F
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It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Companyturned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had beenresponsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken toinvestigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some ofhis findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geographyof the Sea.$ [' N" f0q& I3 I
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The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection madepermanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it wastaken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a factwhich defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in thedeeper parts of the sea.#a9 r" J& b- V7 e3 Z5 p
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Within afew years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientificexpedition, which lasted four years and brought home thousands of samples fromthe sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years andled to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.
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1、 The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europeto America made oceanographic studies take on ____________________.
A) anacademic aspect B) a military aspect
C) abusiness aspect D) an international aspect
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2、 It was _______________________that asked Maury forhelp in oceanographic studies.
A) the American Navy B) some early intercontinentaltravelers / M, T/ i.?8 O, m" {$ t! f1 V
C) those who earned a living from the sea 2 a9 h) J7 w, j: L G3 b
D) the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable- X7 I! E# T! V) I# I
3、 The aim of thevoyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840 was_______________9 M! b: `2 K1 N4 I*d5 P" j
A) to make some sounding experiments in the oceans - \! U$ f7 u. Y p
B) tocollect sample of sea plants and animals
C) to estimate the length of cable that was needed5 `2 p! ^' A2 B1 N
D) tomeasure the depths of the two oceans
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4、”Defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means “_________________”
A) doubted B) gave proof to C) challenged D) agreed to 4 r! I6 h! l9 u2 e" n$ Z- |
5、 This passage is mainly about_________________
A) thebeginnings of oceanography B) the laying of the first undersea cable
B) theinvestigation of ocean depths D) the early intercontinental communications
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For any given task in Britain there are more men than are needed.Strong unions keep them there in Fleet Street, home of some London’s biggestdailies, it is understood that when two unions quarrel over three jobs, theargument is settled by giving each union two. Thru means 33 per cent overmanning, 33 per cent less productivity than could be obtained.
A reporter who has visited plants throughout Europe has animpression that the pace of work is much slower here. Nobody tries tm hard. Teabreaks do matter and are frequent. It is hard to measure intensity of work, butBritons give a distinct impression of going at their tasks in a more leisurelyway. ; n- {( u/ J) B(L9 A% } f0 w" ?
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But isall this so terrible? It certainly does not improve the gross national productor output per worker. Those observant visitors, however, have noticed somethingelse about Britain. It is a pleasant place.
Street crowds in Stockholm. Paris and New York move quickly andsilently heads down, all in a hurry. London crowds tend to walk at an easy pace(except in the profitable, efficient City, the financial district). $ r  , s- ?( F3 {
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Every stranger is struck by the patient and orderly way in whichBritons queue for a bus; if the saleswoman is slow and out of stock she willlikely say, ‘oh dear, what a pity’; the rubbish collectors stop to chat and call the housewives“Luv”. Crime rises here as in every city but there still remains a gentle toneand temper that is unmatched in Berlin, Milan or Detroit.
Itshort, what is wrong with Britain may also be what is right. Having reached atolerable standard, Britons appear to be choosing leisure over goods.
56.What happens when disputes over job opportunities arise among Britishunions?
A)Thirty-three per cent of the workers will be out of work
B) More people will be employed than necessary # X) c: @6 m! \7 r$ y
C) More jobs will be created by the government 9 u4 @5 W; C0 s
D) Theunions will try to increase productivity.
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57. What does the reporter who has visited plants throughoutEurope think about Britain? 4 O3 y; c6 `( ^( z% r" P5 r
A) Teabreaks do not affect the intensity of work in Britain
B) Britons do their work in an unhurried sort of way 3 F$ E2 _! C& _
C) Thepace of work in Continental Europe is much slower than in Britain
D)Britons give the impression of working intensively
58. “The breaks do matter” ( Para.2 Line 2) indicatesthat________
A)they are an important aspect of the British way of life
B) they are greatly enjoyed by British workers ) W! p& `- Q% G5 e
C)they can be used by the workers as excuse to take time off from work
D)they help the workers to be on good terms with each other
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59. The word “this” (Para.3 Line.1) refers to the fact that______ ' K3 x5v \4 T1 j+ o
A)there are more men on any given job than are needed
B) 33 per cent over manning leads to 33 per cent lessproductivity / B) z$g9 q& A$ e. U" ]3 {
C) it is difficult to measure the intensity of work O5 t& i% k# |8 f
D)Britons generally do not want to work too hard
60. By “what is wrong with Britain may also be what is right” (Para.6, Line.1)the author means to say that_______ - j" d/ _9 {6 a4 A) y
A)quarrels between unions will help create jobs
B) aleisurely way of life helps Britons increase productivity
C) thegentle tone and temper of the people in Britain makes it a pleasant place
D) Britons will not sacrifice their leisure to further in creaseproductivity:O b& i2 I# h" ]2 r; T
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Researchershave established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changesoccur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitively areassuch as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age.
Peoplewill be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets themto think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history ofdoing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound thansomeone who has not had an active mind.
Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brainthat they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. “The ideais not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information,” saysJames Fozard, associate director of the National Institute on Aging. “Most ofus don’t need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of less interestthan being able to maintainmental alertness. ” Fozard and others say theychallenge their brains work.
Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests thatpeople in their old age should engage in mental and physical activitiesindividually as well as in groups. Cohen says that we are frequently advised tokeep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally activeas well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilitiesand to be generally happier and better adjusted. “Thepoint is, you need to do both.” Cohen says, “Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health andsize. ”
61. People who are cognitively healthy are those________ 4 g! G0 T) f* E+ m1 H/ S( w
A) whocan remember large amounts of information
B) whoare highly intelligent
C)whose minds are alert and receptive
D) whoare good at recognizing different sounds
62. According to Fozard’s argument, people can make their brains work moreefficiently by___
A)constantly doing memory work
B) taking part in various mental activities " z0 t% q5 y% ?2 I
C)going through specific training
D)making frequent adjustments
63.The findings of James and other scientists in their work_______
A) remain a theory to be further proved * x" {- x O; S, R- R$ r
B)have been challenged by many other experts
C)have been generally accepted
D) arepracticed by the researchers themselves
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64.Older people are generally advised to _______
A) keep fit by going in for physical activities * _9 w6 {/ y& P9 G8 O
B)keep mentally active by challenging their brains
C)maintain mental alertness through specific training
D)maintain a balance between individual and group activities
65. What is the passage mainly about? ' f6 F6 D* ?" j. [) i2 C
A) How biochemical changes occur in the human brain 2 h) C0 l1 P& @$ K. G" w7 R
B) Why people should keep active not only physically but alsomentally $ M* b$ d2 Y$J) X. t
C) Howintellectual activities influence brain-cell health
D) Whypeople should receive special mental training as they age.
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Most episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you leftsomething or wondering why you just entered a room-are caused by a simple lackof attention, says Schacter. “You’re supposed to remember something, but youhaven’t encoded it deeply.”1a4 b8 ~4 a7 w/ y8 I% f
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Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of payingattention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure toencode properly can create annoying situ ations. If youput your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probablyforget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe. “Your memory itself isn’t failing you.” says Schacter. “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.”
Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who canrecite sports statistics from 30 years ago.” says Zelinski,“may notremember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” Women have slightly better memories than men,possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memoryrelies on just that.
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Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness says Schacter. “But be surethe cue is clear and available.” he cautions. If you want to remember to take amedication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it inthe medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room andwondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking aboutsomething else. “Everyone does this from time to time.” saysZelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before enteringthe room, and you’ll likely remember.
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Americansare proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect fewthings more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operatoror the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in theUnited States?
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Among thearguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most peoplethey look more professional than civilian Clothes. People have becomeconditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. Thetelevision repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than onewho appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic isincreased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, abarber, or a waiter to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform?
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Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on otherclothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible. They are oftenmore comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.3 N; I& H+ f1 u/ ?; s9 W3 }3 [) Z
Primaryamong the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and theconsequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them.Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type isgenerally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people lookalike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.
Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they arelong-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilianclothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professionaldry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types ofcivilian clothes.
差5行 中间部分对句子的主干把握不太行了
差1行，从中间开始后半部分看的比较顺，发现这篇文章好可爱~
差2行，大意理解得不错
差1行 怎么老是差一点点~
刚好读到倒数第二段
每天看这个同时可以提醒自己难句练得还远远不够。。 |
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发表于 2011-5-9 11:25:21
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