司棋上海南，放狗外加寻人（楼下出现GWD原题考古）

dududuoduo

DDDDDDDDDDDDD

carvinhuang

楼主~~~麻烦帮忙看一下“讲Supernova和宇宙能量的，第一段讲了一大堆废话，说什么星星死亡后会收缩，然后一大堆中子神马的。第二段说人们本来不知道宇宙能量怎么传输的，现在知道了！然后就开始扯怎么传输。有个类比题，比较tricky，我选的是生物学家知道一种细菌的什么什么，但不知道这种细菌怎么产生疾病的”  是这篇吗？！

About twice every century, one of the massive stars in our galaxy blows itself apart in a supernova explosion that sends massive quantities of radiation and matter into space and generates shock waves that sweep through the arms of the galaxy. The shock waves heat the interstellar gas, evaporate small clouds, and compress larger ones to the point at which they collapse under their own gravity to form new stars. The general picture that has been developed for the supernova explosion and its aftermath goes something like this. Throughout its evolution, a star is much like a leaky balloon. It keeps its equilibrium figure through a balance of internal pressure against the tendency to collapse under its own weight. The pressure is generated by nuclear reactions in the core of the star which must continually supply energy to balance the energy that leaks out in the form of radiation. Eventually the nuclear fuel is exhausted, and the pressure drops in the core. With nothing to hold it up, the matter in the center of the star collapses inward, creating higher and higher densities and temperatures, until the nuclei and electrons are fused into a super-dense lump of matter known as a neutron star.
As the overlying layers rain down on the surface of the neutron star, the temperature rises, until with a blinding flash of radiation, the collapse is reversed. A thermonuclear shock wave runs through the now expanding stellar envelope, fusing lighter elements into heavier ones and producing a brilliant visual outburst that can be as intense as the light of 10 billion suns. The shell of matter thrown off by the explosion plows through the surrounding gas, producing an expanding bubble of hot gas, with gas temperatures in the millions of degrees. This gas will emit most of its energy at X-ray wavelengths, so it is not surprising that X-ray observatories have provided some of the most useful insights into the nature of the supernova phenomenon. More than twenty supernova remnants have now been detected in X-ray studies.
Recent discoveries of meteorites with anomalous concentrations of certain isotopes indicate that a supernova might have precipitated the birth of our solar system more than four and a half billion years ago. Although the cloud that collapsed to form the Sun and the planets was composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, it also contained carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, elements essential for life as we know it. Elements heavier than helium are manufactured deep in the interior of stars and would, for the most part, remain there if it were not for the cataclysmic supernova explosions that blow giant stars apart. Additionally, supernovas produce clouds of high-energy particles called cosmic rays. These high-energy particles continually bombard the Earth and are responsible for many of the genetic mutations that are the driving force of the evolution of species.

tzdxrrr

楼主~~~麻烦帮忙看一下“讲Supernova和宇宙能量的，第一段讲了一大堆废话，说什么星星死亡后会收缩，然后一大堆中子神马的。第二段说人们本来不知道宇宙能量怎么传输的，现在知道了！然后就开始扯怎么传输。有个类比题，比较tricky，我选的是生物学家知道一种细菌的什么什么，但不知道这种细菌怎么产生疾病的”  是这篇吗？！

About twice every century, one of the massive stars in our galaxy blows itself apart in a supernova explosion that sends massive quantities of radiation and matter into space and generates shock waves that sweep through the arms of the galaxy. The shock waves heat the interstellar gas, evaporate small clouds, and compress larger ones to the point at which they collapse under their own gravity to form new stars. The general picture that has been developed for the supernova explosion and its aftermath goes something like this. Throughout its evolution, a star is much like a leaky balloon. It keeps its equilibrium figure through a balance of internal pressure against the tendency to collapse under its own weight. The pressure is generated by nuclear reactions in the core of the star which must continually supply energy to balance the energy that leaks out in the form of radiation. Eventually the nuclear fuel is exhausted, and the pressure drops in the core. With nothing to hold it up, the matter in the center of the star collapses inward, creating higher and higher densities and temperatures, until the nuclei and electrons are fused into a super-dense lump of matter known as a neutron star.
As the overlying layers rain down on the surface of the neutron star, the temperature rises, until with a blinding flash of radiation, the collapse is reversed. A thermonuclear shock wave runs through the now expanding stellar envelope, fusing lighter elements into heavier ones and producing a brilliant visual outburst that can be as intense as the light of 10 billion suns. The shell of matter thrown off by the explosion plows through the surrounding gas, producing an expanding bubble of hot gas, with gas temperatures in the millions of degrees. This gas will emit most of its energy at X-ray wavelengths, so it is not surprising that X-ray observatories have provided some of the most useful insights into the nature of the supernova phenomenon. More than twenty supernova remnants have now been detected in X-ray studies.
Recent discoveries of meteorites with anomalous concentrations of certain isotopes indicate that a supernova might have precipitated the birth of our solar system more than four and a half billion years ago. Although the cloud that collapsed to form the Sun and the planets was composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, it also contained carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, elements essential for life as we know it. Elements heavier than helium are manufactured deep in the interior of stars and would, for the most part, remain there if it were not for the cataclysmic supernova explosions that blow giant stars apart. Additionally, supernovas produce clouds of high-energy particles called cosmic rays. These high-energy particles continually bombard the Earth and are responsible for many of the genetic mutations that are the driving force of the evolution of species.

-- by 会员 carvinhuang (2011/4/7 23:34:08)

不是这篇，但内容有些像，我考前读了这篇，扫除了一些生词障碍

tzdxrrr

那个美女是我家那只！！！！
LZ我帮你转告了你要给我人品阿！！！

-- by 会员 yappy (2011/4/7 23:29:07)

哈？ 祝你好运！

sissi8466

帮忙考古一下~~~ GWD的那篇是不是这个？？？

GWD17-Q24 to Q27:

    In 1938, at the government-convened National Health Conference, organized labor emerged as a major proponent of legislation to guarantee universal health care in the United States.  The American Medical Association, representing physicians’ interests, argued for preserving physicians’ free-market prerogatives.  Labor activists countered these arguments by insisting that health care was a fundamental right that should be guaranteed by government programs.
    The labor activists’ position represented a departure from the voluntarist view held until 1935 by leaders of the American Federation of labor (AFL), a leading affiliation of labor unions; the voluntarist view stressed workers’ right to freedom from government intrusions into their lives and represented national health insurance as a threat to workers’ privacy.  AFL president Samuel Gompers, presuming to speak for all workers, had positioned the AFL as a leading opponent of the proposals for national health insurance that were advocated beginning in 1915 by the American Association for Labor Legislation (AALL), an organization dedicated to the study and reform of labor laws.  Gompers’ opposition to national health insurance was partly principled, arising from the premise that governments under capitalism invariably served employers’, not workers’, interests. Gompers feared the probing of government bureaucrats into workers’ lives, as well as the possibility that government-mandated health insurance, financed in part by employers, could permit companies to require employee medical examinations that might be used to discharge disabled workers.
    Yet the AFL’s voluntarism had accommodated certain exceptions:  the AFL had supported government intervention on behalf of injured workers and child laborers.  AFL officials drew the line at national health insurance, however, partly out of concern for their own power.  The fact that AFL outsiders such as the AALL had taken the most prominent advocacy roles antagonized Gompers.  That this reform threatened union-sponsored benefit programs championed by Gompers made national health insurance even more objectionable.
    Indeed, the AFL leadership did face serious organizational divisions.  Many unionists, recognizing that union-run health programs covered only a small fraction of union members and that unions represented only a fraction of the nation’s workforce, worked to enact compulsory health insurance in their state legislatures.  This activism and the views underlying it came to prevail in the United States labor movement and in 1935 the AFL unequivocally reversed its position on health legislation.

24. Q24:
The passage suggests which of the following about the voluntarist view held by leaders of the AFL regarding health care?
A.    It was opposed by the AALL.
B.    It was shared by most unionists until 1935.
C.    It antagonized the American Medical Association.
D.    It maintained that employer-sponsored health care was preferable to union-run health programs.
E.    It was based on the premise that the government should protect child laborers but not adult workers.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
25. Q25:
The primary purpose of the passage is to

A.    account for a labor organization’s success in achieving a particular goal
B.    discuss how a labor organization came to reverse its position on a particular issue
C.    explain how disagreement over a particular issue eroded the power of a labor organization
D.    outline the arguments used by a labor organization’s leadership in a particular debate
E.    question the extent to which a labor organization changed its position on a particular issue
--------------------------------------------------------------------
26. Q26:
Which of the following best describes the function of the sentence in lines 42-45 (“Yet … child laborers”)?

A.    It elaborates a point about why the AFL advocated a voluntarist approach to health insurance.
B.    It identifies issues on which the AFL took a view opposed to that of the AALL.
C.    It introduces evidence that appears to be inconsistent with the voluntarist view held by AFL leaders.
D.    It suggests that a view described in the previous sentence is based on faulty evidence.
E.    It indicates why a contradiction described in the previous paragraph has been overlooked by historians.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
27. Q27:
According to the passage, Gompers’ objection to national health insurance was based in part on his belief that



A.    union-sponsored health programs were less expensive than government-sponsored programs
B.    most unionists were covered by and satisfied with union-sponsored health programs
C.    it would lead some employers to reduce company-sponsored benefits
D.    it could result in certain workers unfairly losing their jobs
E.    the AFL should distance itself from the views of the American Medical Association

这几道答案是什么啊

gmat2000

58.    GWD-17-Q24-Q27 AFL对政府医疗保障的态度
     In 1938, at the government-convened   1938年的会议上工会工人
    National Health Conference, organized labor      是提议立法保障公众健康
    emerged as a major proponent of legislation       的主要力量。
Line    to guarantee universal health care in the
 (5)    United States.  The American Medical       代表医师利益的AMM要
Association, representing physicians’         求保护医师的自由市场权。
interests, argued for preserving physicians’
free-market prerogatives.  Labor activists      劳工行动家反对他们，坚
countered these arguments by insisting that     持说卫生保健是由政府项
(10)    health care was a fundamental right that       目保障的基本权利。
should be guaranteed by government
programs. 1938年, labor activists支持政府医疗保障
     The labor activists’ position represented 劳工行动家的立场背离了
a departure from the voluntarist view held     AFL到1935年才放弃的
(15)    until 1935 by leaders of the American        唯意志观点。
Federation of labor (AFL), a leading affili-
ation of labor unions; the voluntarist view      唯意志观点强调工人有权
stressed workers’ right to freedom from        摆脱政府对自己生活的干
government intrusions into their lives and       扰，它认为健康保险危及
(20)    represented national health insurance as a      公众隐私。
    threat to workers’ privacy.  AFL president       AFL领袖SG肆意说代表了
    Samuel Gompers, presuming to speak for         全体工人，反对AALL在
all workers, had positioned the AFL as         1915年设立健康保险的提
a leading opponent of the proposals for         议。
(25)    national health insurance that were advo-
cated beginning in 1915 by the American
Association for Labor Legislation (AALL),
an organization dedicated to the study and
reform of labor laws.  Gompers’ opposition    SG的反对一定程度上有他
(30)    to national health insurance was partly        的原则，基于资本主义政
principled, arising from the premise that        府总是保护雇主的利益。
governments under capitalism invariably
    served employers’, not workers’, interests.
Gompers feared the probing of government     SG害怕官僚主义伸入工人
(35)     bureaucrats into workers’ lives, as well as     生活，由雇主资助的保险
the possibility that government-mandated      又可能让公司得到员工的
health insurance, financed in part by           体检报告，用来辞退伤残
employers, could permit companies to         工人。
    require employee medical examinations
(40)    that might be used to discharge disabled
workers. 1935年之前AFL的主要观点，反对政府医疗保障
     Yet the AFL’s voluntarism had accom-   但唯意志论容纳了某些例
modated certain exceptions:  the AFL had      外：AFL支持代表受伤工
supported government intervention on behalf     人和童工的政府干预。
(45)    of injured workers and child laborers.  AFL    但AFL和健康保险划清界
officials drew the line at national health          线，一部分是出于自身权
insurance, however, partly out of concern         力的考虑。
for their own power.  The fact that AFL         AALL等局外人担当主
outsiders such as the AALL had taken the        要角色惹怒了SG。
(50)    most prominent advocacy roles antagonized
Gompers.  That this reform threatened union-    这个改革危及SG支持的
sponsored benefit programs championed by       资助利益项目，让保险
Gompers made national health insurance         更讨厌。
even more objectionable.
(55)          Indeed, the AFL leadership did face      AFL的领导层的确面临
serious organizational divisions.  Many         严重分化。很多联盟成员
unionists, recognizing that union-run health      认识到联盟运作的健康项
programs covered only a small fraction of        目只面对一小部分成员，
union members and that unions represented       纷纷支持义务健康保险。
(60)    only a fraction of the nation’s workforce,
worked to enact compulsory health
insurance in their state legislatures.  This        最终在1935年AFL还是
activism and the views underlying it came to      支持了这一立法。
prevail in the United States labor movement
(65)    and in 1935 the AFL unequivocally reversed
its position on health legislationAFL最终倒戈支持政府医疗保证.

gmat2000

不知怎末调距，凑合看把。

gmat2000

Q24:
The passage suggests which of the following about the voluntarist view held by leaders of the AFL regarding health care?
        
A.    It was opposed by the AALL. (correct)
B.    It was shared by most unionists until 1935.
C.    It antagonized the American Medical Association.
D.    It maintained that employer-sponsored health care was preferable to union-run health programs.
E.    It was based on the premise that the government should protect child laborers but not adult workers.
AFL president Samuel Gompers, presuming to speak for all workers, had positioned the AFL as a leading opponent of the proposals for national health insurance that were advocated beginning in 1915 by the American Association for Labor Legislation (AALL)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q25:
The primary purpose of the passage is to

A.    account for a labor organization’s success in achieving a particular goal
B.    discuss how a labor organization came to reverse its position on a particular issue (correct)
C.    explain how disagreement over a particular issue eroded the power of a labor organization
D.    outline the arguments used by a labor organization’s leadership in a particular debate
E.    question the extent to which a labor organization changed its position on a particular issue

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q26:
Which of the following best describes the function of the sentence in lines 42-45 (“Yet … child laborers”)?
        
A.    It elaborates a point about why the AFL advocated a voluntarist approach to health insurance.
B.    It identifies issues on which the AFL took a view opposed to that of the AALL.
C.    It introduces evidence that appears to be inconsistent with the voluntarist view held by AFL leaders. (c)
D.    It suggests that a view described in the previous sentence is based on faulty evidence.
E.    It indicates why a contradiction described in the previous paragraph has been overlooked by historians.
the AFL’s voluntarism had accommodated certain exceptions:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q27:
According to the passage, Gompers’ objection to national health insurance was based in part on his belief that
        
A.    union-sponsored health programs were less expensive than government-sponsored programs
B.    most unionists were covered by and satisfied with union-sponsored health programs
C.    it would lead some employers to reduce company-sponsored benefits
D.    it could result in certain workers unfairly losing their jobs (c)
E.    the AFL should distance itself from the views of the American Medical Association
Gompers’ opposition to national health insurance was partly principled, arising from the premise that governments under capitalism invariably served employers’, not workers’, interests. Gompers feared the probing of government bureaucrats into workers’ lives, as well as the possibility that government-mandated health insurance, financed in part by employers, could permit companies to require employee medical examinations that might be used to discharge disabled workers.
--------

zhangyina

多谢楼主！！看到原题我就特别兴奋，RP一定要爆发啊啊啊啊~~