请教OG11-96 （OG12-93）

YuanHuang

这道题在OG11和OG12中都出现过：

Commentator: The theory of trade retaliation states that countries closed out of any of another country’s markets should close some of their own markets to the other country in order to pressure the other country to reopen its markets. If every country acted according to this theory, no country would trade with any other.
The commentator’s argument relies on which of the following assumptions?

(A) No country actually acts according to the theory of trade retaliation.
(B) No country should block any of its markets to foreign trade.
(C) Trade disputes should be settled by international tribunal.
(D) For any two countries, at least one has some market closed to the other.
(E) Countries close their markets to foreigners to protect domestic producers.

A可以做为assumption，但是无法帮助推敲结论。B和C属于结论性，无法做为assumption，E为何不对，因为E和论点无关？为何是D？

mofei23

对D取非，则任意两国家间都没有关闭市场，那么act according to the theory也能有贸易，则结论If every country acted according to this theory, no country would trade with any other被削弱。

xibao

这道题在OG11和OG12中都出现过：

Commentator: The theory of trade retaliation states that countries closed out of any of another country’s markets should close some of their own markets to the other country in order to pressure the other country to reopen its markets. If every country acted according to this theory, no country would trade with any other.
The commentator’s argument relies on which of the following assumptions?

(A) No country actually acts according to the theory of trade retaliation.
(B) No country should block any of its markets to foreign trade.
(C) Trade disputes should be settled by international tribunal.
(D) For any two countries, at least one has some market closed to the other.
(E) Countries close their markets to foreigners to protect domestic producers.

A可以做为assumption，但是无法帮助推敲结论。B和C属于结论性，无法做为assumption，E为何不对，因为E和论点无关？为何是D？

-- by 会员 YuanHuang (2010/10/25 7:57:56)

E不对，因为foreigner原文没说啊，这里提没什么作用。还有to protect domestic producer，这个表目的啊。文章探讨的不是关闭市场的目的是什么。而是the  theory和这个theory的后果。

xibao

这个题在lawyer里就是

条件型结论

充分条件一定能推出必要条件。
文章的充分条件是， if every country acted according to this theory.

文章没有说必要条件啊。因此我们要给它补充

那就是：D啦。试想，如果一开始大家都和和平平的，谁也不关谁的市场，那么trade就非常正常化啊。
D作为一个必要条件存在；）

如果实在判断不出，就用选项取非，如果否定或削弱结论的话，那么选项就是答案！

mia113

95. Although parapsychology is often considered a pseudoscience, it is in fact a genuine scientific enterprise, for it
uses scientific methods such as controlled experiments and statistical tests of clearly stated hypotheses to
examine the questions it raises.
The conclusion above is properly drawn if which of the following is assumed?
(C) Any enterprise that does not use controlled experiments and statistical tests is not genuine science.
(D) Any field of study that employs scientific methods is a genuine scientific enterprise.
答案是D, 当时通过取非得出的答案·
排除C 是因为觉得   不用CE和ST 不是真科学    不能推出 用了CE和ST  就是真科学 就排除了 （感觉这个逻辑思维好像有点问题 不知道对不对）
后来对C取非后是：企业不用CE和ST是真科学 好像有点消弱了原文· 因为原文是 因为用了scientific methods(比方说CE和ET，所以它是真科学
不知道C到底是错在哪了，求租····