[讨论]一道真题

Across

197. In the fall of 1985, only 10 percent of the women entering college planned to major in education, while 28 percent chose business, making it the most popular major for women as well as for men.

同样, 197里面

, making也可以说明

, vanishing的不准确.

两组动词的关系

appear/vanish都是具体动词, 完全对称, 主语都是species, 它们不是互为因果的, 不是互相影响的

但是

choose/making的关系多多不同

choose主语是women, 是具体的动作.

making的主语其实没有出现, 其实是前面那个句子的动词choose带来的结果. 那么两组动词的意义/关系完全不同, 语法上面的结构也应该不同.

所以偶认为

, vanishing不好.

个人看法

请指正

LES

谢谢Mindfree大哥的解释，偶明白了其中的逻辑关系！偶已将那篇长文打印，准备静下心来读一下，调剂一下郁闷的心情。（现正因为其他事情而快郁闷死了！）

排除了A，偶就觉得B对了。E的时态造成逻辑问题，就是说有些生物可能刚出现就灭绝。下面选了一OG的题，虽然与本题不完全一致，但偶觉得可以说明B的时态是对的。

32.   Some buildings that were destroyed and heavily damaged in the earthquake last year were constructed in violation of the city’s building code.

(A) Some buildings that were destroyed and heavily damaged in the earthquake last year were

(B) Some buildings that were destroyed or heavily damaged in the earthquake last year had been

(C) Some buildings that the earthquake destroyed and heavily damaged last year have been

(D) Last year the earthquake destroyed or heavily damaged some buildings that have been（B）

(E) Last year some of the buildings that were destroyed or heavily damaged in the earthquake had been

Choice B is best. Choices A and C illogically state that some buildings were both destroyed and damaged; or is needed to indicate that each of the buildings suffered either one fate or the other. In using only one verb tense, were, A fails to indicate that the buildings were constructed before the earthquake occurred. Choices C and D use the present perfect tense incorrectly, saying in effect that the buildings have been constructed after they were destroyed last year. Choice E suggests that the construction of the buildings, rather than the earthquake, occurred last year, thus making the sequence of events unclear. Only B uses verb tenses correctly to indicate that construction of the buildings was completed prior to the earthquake.

dydingding

同意选择B，E的结果很清楚，而且用the强调定语从句，但是从时态上犯了逻辑错误，从理解上来说灭绝的生物应该是出现后然后慢慢灭绝的，比较起来还是选B略好一些

jetrong

以下是引用LES在2004-5-4 14:49:00的发言：

谢谢Mindfree大哥的解释，偶明白了其中的逻辑关系！偶已将那篇长文打印，准备静下心来读一下，调剂一下郁闷的心情。（现正因为其他事情而快郁闷死了！）

排除了A，偶就觉得B对了。E的时态造成逻辑问题，就是说有些生物可能刚出现就灭绝。下面选了一OG的题，虽然与本题不完全一致，但偶觉得可以说明B的时态是对的。

32.   Some buildings that were destroyed and heavily damaged in the earthquake last year were constructed in violation of the city’s building code.

(A) Some buildings that were destroyed and heavily damaged in the earthquake last year were

(B) Some buildings that were destroyed or heavily damaged in the earthquake last year had been

(C) Some buildings that the earthquake destroyed and heavily damaged last year have been

(D) Last year the earthquake destroyed or heavily damaged some buildings that have been（B）

(E) Last year some of the buildings that were destroyed or heavily damaged in the earthquake had been

Choice B is best. Choices A and C illogically state that some buildings were both destroyed and damaged; or is needed to indicate that each of the buildings suffered either one fate or the other. In using only one verb tense, were, A fails to indicate that the buildings were constructed before the earthquake occurred. Choices C and D use the present perfect tense incorrectly, saying in effect that the buildings have been constructed after they were destroyed last year. Choice E suggests that the construction of the buildings, rather than the earthquake, occurred last year, thus making the sequence of events unclear. Only B uses verb tenses correctly to indicate that construction of the buildings was completed prior to the earthquake.

destroyed or heavily damaged的　动作还是发生在constructed 之前的啊，为什么destroyed or heavily damaged不用过去完成时了？OG上没有做出进一步解啊？

请NN指点！

jnlvo

为什么destroyed or heavily damaged不用过去完成时了？

last year

jnlvo

引自mindfree的文章，说明E的 percent 的使用是有道理的。

Of 1,130 threatened mammal species, 16 percent are critically endangered

jnlvo

时态考虑：

如B则意思是：很多物种出现后（以后再未出现)，其中99%在从古到今的过程中灭绝了。

E: 从古到今出现了这么多物种，其中99%在这期间灭绝了。

从意思上判断还是E感觉更合理。

引自mindfree的文章

Throughout most of geological history, new species evolved faster than existing species disappeared, thus continuously increasing the planet's biological diversity. Now evolution is falling behind.

我想从古到今应该有新物种的出现，这些同样是在Five hundred million different species of living creatures中的，只不过出来后，又有可能灭绝。这是个反复的过程。B好像体会不出这种意思， 给人感觉是很多物种在过去一下子出现了， 然后一点点地消亡，至今已有99%完蛋了。

pumpkin不知此题是否是考试真题？如果是，哪答案就可能是后来人自己给的，可信度不高。如果B真是ETS给的答案，哪只能说ETS越来越坏了，连mindfree都被蒙，何况我等。

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-5-4 15:56:06编辑过]

LES

jnlvo，真真厉害，马上学以致用！

不过偶觉得B的时态表达使逻辑更清晰。这里appeared并不是说某个时间点一下子出现。而是强调一个先后顺序。正如偶引用的OG32题：living creatures先出现，然后从出现这个时间点开始到现在的一段时间内逐渐灭绝了。即一定是先出现后灭绝。

ios

我选B。

E的逻辑意思前后矛盾：have appeared on Earth感觉这些物种还存在，但是后半句又说绝种了。

X_TonY_X

拿到题目,迅速排除ABD, 最后选了C. 先不说偶认为E不好在哪里, 哪位NN能解释下

"Nearly 99 percent of the five hundred million different species of living creatures that appeared on Earth are vanished."

这句话错在哪里, 是否比E更简洁有力? appeared 比 have appeared好, vanished 指的只能是已经消失了, 与have vanished相同, 而are vanished (vanish, vt, vi皆可)还imply这些生物"消失"的过程搀杂了外因, e.g.  Dinos are vanished... (大家展开联想). 而appeared(过去) 和 are vanished(现在) 在每个species上有明确的一一对应关系, 也没有不必要的tense trouble.

然后选项C里面的倒装强调状态, 同时把核心内容提到冗长的主语之前,这样的倒装在WSJ, NYT里面还是时有所见的, 比如:

Lagging behind is this quarter's EBITDA.

Slumping are stocks of three-fifths of the bluechips. (a trader doesn't want to read till the Nth word of the headline to find out where the market is going. )

欢迎讨论.

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-5-4 21:43:54编辑过]