有道题解释我琢磨好半天了。。可是不知道为什么是虚拟语气。。谢谢各位帮忙看看。。

zhao9171000

233. (GWD-9-Q19)In many nations,criminal law does not apply to corporations, but in the United States today, acorporation commits a crime whenever one of its employees commits a crime, ifthe employee acted within the scope of his or her authority and if thecorporation benefited as a result.
A.    a corporation commits a crime whenever one of its employees commits acrime, if the employee acted
B.    a corporation is committing a crime whenever one of its employeescommitted a crime, if those employees were acting
C.    corporations commit a crime whenever one of its employees does, on thecondition that the employee acts
D.     corporations commitcrimes whenever an employee of those corporations commit a crime, if it waswhile acting             (A)
E.    the corporation whose employees commit a crime, commits a crime,whenever the employee acted

题目释义：…, but in the UnitedStates today, a corporation commits a crime whenever ..., if the employee acted... and if the corporation benefited …
考点：平行对称 主谓一致
1. 平行对称，GMAT中未划线部分与划线部分的平行对称多次出现，却也是容易忽略的考点。
选项分析：A.     Correct；虚拟条件句从句+正常语气主句。（为什么啊。。这个虚拟了吗？虚拟语气主句不应该有一般现代时啊。。）
B.     were acting应为acted，与benefited对应；those无所指，前面是one of its employees；未划线部分的his or her authority说明主语应该是单数。
C.     its与其指代对象corporations单复数不一致；on the condition that与后面的if不平行。
D.     an employee与commit主谓不一致; an employee of thosecorporations表达的是一个员工就职于多个公司，逻辑不合理；根据逻辑含义it应该指代crime，acting的逻辑主语是it，不合理，且后面的his or her将无所指。
E.     whenever与if不平行，结构复杂明显不如A选项；the employee无法指代employees；全句主谓之间以一个逗号分开，使得句子不完整；the corporation第一次出现不应该用定冠词the；两个commit a crime连用，句式awkward。


谢谢啦XD

zhao9171000

PS：CD前辈这个总结真的很好。。

坚定之路

A选项很对称，简直令人发指，if....and if，以及the employee acted和后面的the corporation benefited，其他选项哪有这种美感？

zhao9171000

A选项很对称，简直令人发指，if....and if，以及the employee acted和后面的the corporation benefited，其他选项哪有这种美感？

-- by 会员 坚定之路 (2010/10/8 8:50:02)

恩。。可是不太明白他的解释。。。

nancyhearste

建议lz看这个关于if 引导的条件状语的帖子：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-458231-1-9.html， 里面总结的很好

angelazhao222

我也姓趙

nancyhearste

看了很多关于虚拟语气的，我也觉得这题的虚拟条件语气很奇怪，这里明明可以不用虚拟的。the employee acted within the scope of his or her authority and if thecorporation benefited as a result这两个if里面的事是很可能发生的事，直接用真实条件从句就可以，从句用the employee acts within the scope of his or her authority and if thecorporation benefits as a result, 然后主句用现在时commits a crime，但是没有这样的选项。

查了下之前的帖子，现在的解释就是从句可以为虚拟语气，例如本题的acted within 和benefited ，表示与现在的事实相反，但是主句可以为正常语气，即现在时commits a crime。

还有类似情况的大全-243：
243. Developing nations in various parts of the world have amassed $700billion in debts; at stake, should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, is the solvency of some of the world’s largest multinational banks.
(A) should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, is
(B) should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, are
(C) should they repudiate a significant number of these debts, are
(D) if there is a repudiation of a significant number of these debts, would be（A）
(E) if a significant number of these debts will be repudiated, is

should为if a significant number of these debts should be repudiated 的省略if引起的倒装，表示与将来事实相反或不能实现。

后半句是倒装句，正常语序是：
Should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, the solvency of some of the world’s largest multinational banks is at stake.

这里the solvency  is at stake 里没有用would be at stake这样的虚拟的解释看Joywzy的：

should a significant number of these debts be repudiated,the solvency of some of the world’s largest multinational banks is at stake.

这句是虚拟的。

见LZM　P52，虚拟从句的最后一条，在此句型中（should ...），主句并不需要用虚拟条件下的动词形式。
-- by 会员 joywzy (2003/10/31 20:36:00)

从这两题可以看出，象这样的虚拟语气可能出现，从句为虚拟语气而主句为真实的句子表达，即：虚拟条件句+真实主句，当然这样的句子很少出现

zhao9171000

我也姓趙

-- by 会员 angelazhao222 (2010/10/9 3:14:10)

所以，我们都很牛x
XD

zhao9171000

建议lz看这个关于if 引导的条件状语的帖子：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-458231-1-9.html， 里面总结的很好

-- by 会员 nancyhearste (2010/10/9 2:25:16)

我懂了，谢谢！

疯狂的狐狸

但是我觉得这道题根本不是虚拟语气。
句意描述的是法律规定，只要员工违法了那么公司也违法，虚拟语气完全没必要呀。 求大神解惑。
在曼哈顿论坛ＲＯＮ的解释也没看到关于虚拟语气的说法。https://www.manhattanprep.com/gmat/forums/in-many-nations-criminal-law-does-not-apply-to-corporations-t9108.html
RON 还来了这么一句。。。ugh. this is one of the most horrible official problems i've ever seen; the arbitrary transition from present tense to past tense (which happens in all five choices) is disgusting.