Which of the following best completes the passage below?
When the products of several competing suppliers are perceived by consumers to be essentially the same, classical economics predicts that price competition will reduce prices to the same minimal levels and all suppliers' profits to the same minimal levels. Therefore, if classical economics is true, and given suppliers' desire to make as much profit as possible, it should be expected that_____.
41. Which of the following best completes the passage below? When the products of several competing suppliers are perceived by consumers to be essentially the same, classical economics predicts that price competition will reduce prices to the same minimal levels and all suppliers’ profits to the same minimal levels. Therefore, if classical economics is true, and given suppliers’ desire to make as much profit as possible, it should be expected that . (A) in a crowded market widely differing prices will be charged for products that are essentially the same as each other (B) as a market becomes less crowded as suppliers leave, the profits of the remaining suppliers will tend to decrease (C) each supplier in a crowded market will try to convince consumers that its product differs significantly from its competitors’ products. (D) when consumers are unable to distinguish the products in a crowded market, consumers will judge that the higher-priced products are of higher quality (E) suppliers in crowded markets will have more incentive to reduce prices and thus increase sales than to introduce innovations that would distinguish their product from their competitors’ products Argument
五楼的不要这么果断地否定OG嚯。OG的选项不是为了选哪个是事实,而是为了选最符合题目要求的选项。所以可能某个选项是符合常理的,但是它不合题意就不能选。对于D选项,题干中只在第一句提到消费者:当由不同竞争厂商生产的产品被消费者认为是完全相同的产品时,传统经济理论就预期。。。而且题干最后提到suppliers' desire,故题干与消费者如何区分不同类商品并没有关系。所以不选D。最后,D选项也不符合lemon market理论,这个理论说如果消费者无法区分商品质量好坏,他们就只会愿意支付整个市场的平均价格来购买产品,而不会去买那些高价商品,也不会认为高价等于高质量(因为他们unable to distinguish无法了解那些高价商品是不是真的质量好。)
其他选项:
选项A:认为拥挤的市场(即充分竞争的市场)中同类产品卖不同价格。违反原文理论:同类产品价格相同,都是minimal level。
选项B:认为当市场变得不那么拥挤(竞争没那么激烈时),利润会下降。违反原文理论:同类产品竞争才会导致利润下降,竞争少了利润反而会上升。
选项C:厂商会说服消费者自己产品和其他产品不同。符合原文理论:同类产品利润下降。如果证明自己生产的产品不同于其他,则可以避免利润降到same minimal level,符合suppliers' desire to make more profit的条件。
选项E:拥挤市场中,厂商降价的动机胜过生产异类产品的动机。因为降价必然导致单位利润下降,违反原文假设:suppliers' desire to make more profit。若根据原文假设,厂商反而更有动机去生产异类产品,来获得比minimal level更高的利润。