prep1 essay14这么难的一篇，竟然没人问？

超超琪琪格

for many years, historians thought  that the development of capitalism had not faced serious challenges in the United States. Writing in the early twentieth century, Progressive historians sympathized with the battles waged by farmers and small producers against large capitalists in the late nineteenth century, but they did not question the widespread acceptance of laissez-faire (unregulated) capitalism throughout American history. Similarly,Louis Hartz, who sometimes disagreed with the Progressives, argued that Americans accepted laissez-faire capitalism
without challenge because they lacked a feudal, precapitalist past. Recently,however, some scholars have argued that even though laissez-faire became the prevailing ethos in nineteen-century America, it was not accepted without struggle. Laissez-faire capitalism, they suggest, clashed with existing religious and communitarian norms that imposed moral constraints on acquisitiveness to protect the weak from the predatory, the strong from corruption, and the entire culture from materialist excess. Buttressed
by mercantilist notions that government should be both regulator and promoter of economic activity, these norms persisted long after the American Revolution helped unleash the economic forces that produced capitalism. These scholars argue that even in the late nineteenth century, with the government’s role in
the economy considerably diminished,laissez-faire had not triumphed completely.
Hard times continued to revive popular demands for regulating business and softening the harsh edges of
laissez-faire capitalism.



Q43
 The primary purpose of the passage is to
A reveal the underlying similarites of certain arguments regrading the develpment of capitalism in the United States.
B synthesize two competing arguments regarding the development of capitalism in the United States.
C defend an established argument regarding the development of capitalism in the United States
D summarize a scholarly refutaion of an argument regarding the development of capitalism in the United States.
E discuss a new methodology for the study of the development of capitalism in the United States.

Q44
The passage suggests that the scholars mentioned in the first highlighted portion of text would agree with which of the following statements regarding the "norm" mentioned in the second highlighted portion of text?
A they provided a primary source of opposition to the development of laissez-faire capitalism in the United States in the nineteenth centrury
B Their appeal was undermined by difficult economic times in the United States at the end of the nineteenth century.
C They disappered in the United STates in the late nineteenth century because of the triumph of laissez-faire capitalism
D they facilitated the successful implementation of mercantilist notions of government in the United States in the nineteenth century.
E they are now recognized by historians as having been an immportant part of the ideology of the American Revolution.

Q45
The author of the passage mentions the Progressives as examples of historians who
A saw farmers and small producers as having the potential to become a powerful force in American society.
B did not question the widespread acceptance of laissz-faire capitalism in the United States, in spite of the sympathy for farmers and small producers.
C did not agree that religious and communitarian norms were needed to soften the harsh edges of laissez-faire capitalism.
D saw the development of laissez-faire capitalism in the United States as a historical inevitability, in spite of their lack of sympathy for large capitalists.
E were somewhat out ot the mainstream of the American historical profession.

这几道题做的郁闷死我了，竟然全错了，前提是我感觉我都读懂了！到底是怎么回事啊？？？
43 答案是E，我选D
44 答案是D ，我选A
45 答案是A，我选B
谁做对了，能告诉我你们的思路是怎样的吗？跪谢啦！

呓语

仿照了mumu的方法，有不对的地方请指正哈


For many years, historians thought  that the development of capitalism had not faced serious challenges in the United States.( 主旨句) Writing in the early twentieth century, Progressive historians（第一个观点） sympathized with the battles waged by farmers and small producers against large capitalists in the late nineteenth century, but they did not question the widespread acceptance of laissez-faire (unregulated) capitalism (progressive historians 的观点)throughout American history. Similarly（说明Louis Harz的观点和 progressive historian的观点相似）,Louis Hartz（第二个观点）, who sometimes disagreed with the Progressives, argued that Americans accepted laissez-faire capitalism without challenge（Louis Hartz 的观点） because they lacked a feudal, precapitalist past. Recently（第三个观点）,however（说明第三个观点和前面两个应该会有不一样的地方）, some scholars have argued that even though（让步，重点看后半句） laissez-faire became the prevailing ethos in nineteen-century America, it（指laissez-faire capitalisim ） was not accepted without struggle（some scholars 的观点）. Laissez-faire capitalism, they suggest, clashed with existing religious and communitarian norms that imposed moral constraints on acquisitiveness to protect the weak from the predatory, the strong from corruption, and the entire culture from materialist excess. Buttressed
by mercantilist notions that government should be both regulator and promoter of economic activity, these norms persisted long after the American Revolution helped unleash the economic forces that produced capitalism. These scholars argue that even in the late nineteenth century, with the government’s role in the economy considerably diminished,laissez-faire had not triumphed completely. Hard times continued to revive popular demands for regulating business and softening the harsh edges of laissez-faire capitalism. (后面都在说 SOME SCHOLARS 的观点)



Q43
The primary purpose of the passage is to
A reveal the underlying similarites（similarites 只有前两个，第三个however转折了，所以应该不一样） of certain arguments regrading the develpment of capitalism in the United States.
B synthesize two competing arguments regarding the development of capitalism in the United States.
C defend an established argument regarding the development of capitalism in the United States
D summarize a scholarly refutaion of an argument regarding the development（没有用development来refute）of capitalism in the United States.
E discuss a new methodology for the study of the development of capitalism in the United States.
文章一共讲了3个观点，前2个观点是similar，拿来和第三个对比的。  
Q44
The passage suggests that the scholars mentioned in the first highlighted portion of text would agree with which of the following statements regarding the "norm" mentioned in the second highlighted portion of text?
A they provided a primary source of opposition to the development of laissez-faire capitalism in the United States in the nineteenth centrury（由划线的句子可以得到）
B Their appeal was undermined by difficult economic times（没有提） in the United States at the end of the nineteenth century.
C They disappered（not mentioned） in the United STates in the late nineteenth century because of the triumph of laissez-faire capitalism
D they facilitated the successful implementation of mercantilist notions of government in the United States in the nineteenth century.（文中说得是 norms were buttressed by mercantilist notions ,两个对象搞反了）
E they are now recognized by historians as having been an important part of the ideology（没提） of the American Revolution.

这道题正确答案应该是A

Q45
The author of the passage mentions the Progressives（定位到第一个观点，这是后面观点所不支持的） as examples of historians who

上面说sympathized with the battles waged by farmers and small producers against large capitalists in the late nineteenth century, but they did not question the widespread acceptance of laissez-faire (unregulated) capitalism ，同情farmers and small producers ，但是没有question the widespread acceptance of laissez-faire capitalism。
答案应该是B。

A saw farmers and small producers as having the potential to become a powerful force in American society.
B did not question the widespread acceptance of laissz-faire capitalism in the United States, in spite of the sympathy for farmers and small producers.
C did not agree that religious and communitarian norms were needed to soften the harsh edges of laissez-faire capitalism.
D saw the development of laissez-faire capitalism in the United States as a historical inevitability, in spite of their lack of sympathy for large capitalists.
E were somewhat out ot the mainstream of the American historical profession.