【HLEP】gwd 18 10 鸟类episode-like记忆问题

fannybeibei

The term “episodic memory” was introduced by Tulving to refer to what he considered a uniquely human capacity—the ability to recollect specific past events, to travel back into the past in one’s own mind—as distinct from the capacity simply to use information acquired through past experiences.  Subsequently, Clayton et al. developed criteria to test for episodic memory in animals.  According to these criteria, episodic memories are not of individual bits of information; they involve multiple components of a single event “bound” together.  Clayton sought to examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate memory of “what,” “where,” and “when” information and their binding of this information.  In the wild, these birds store food for retrieval later during periods of food scarcity.  Clayton’s experiment required jays to remember the type, location, and freshness of stored food based on a unique learning event.  Crickets were stored in one location and peanuts in another.  Jays prefer crickets, but crickets degrade more quickly.  Clayton’s birds switched their preference from crickets to peanuts once the food had been stored for a certain length of time, showing that they retain information about the what, the where, and the when.  Such experiments cannot, however, reveal whether the birds were reexperiencing the past when retrieving the information.  Clayton acknowledged this by using the term “episodic-like” memory.


In order for Clayton’s experiment to show that scrub jays have episodic-like memory, which of the following must be true in the experiment?
A.Some of the jays retrieved stored peanuts on the first occasion they were allowed to retrieve food.
B.All the crickets were retrieved before any of the peanuts were.
C.The peanuts were stored further away than the crickets.
D.When a jay attempted to retrieve a cricket or a peanut, the jay was prevented from eating it.
E.Throughout the experiment the jays were fed at levels typical of a time of scarcity.弱问：



弱问：
1.A 的on the first occasion 金山词霸说是一有机会，
那么，这个on the first occasion ，指的是在cricket烂掉后的时间，还是没有烂掉的时候呢？
2.跪求选项E的翻译。。。。

fannybeibei

upup

海芋

应该是选E吧 意思是实验过程中 jays这种鸟是（一直）处于食物稀缺的环境中 本人愚见：这个好像是前提 因为鸟只有在稀缺期才会去找过去藏起来的食物

fannybeibei

thanks,海芋
我知道你指的是：In the wild, these birds store food for retrieval later during periods of food scarcity.

我以为，如果可以搞清A中on the first occasion 到底说的是什么时间，就更好了，因为若指cricket没有烂掉的时候，那么A也没什么错。