gwd-18-Q8 to Q10 （episodic memory）

demonj

Q7 to Q10:The term “episodic memory” was






introduced by Tulving to refer to what he
considered a uniquely human capacity—
Linethe ability to recollect specific past events,
(5)to travel back into the past in one’s own
mind—as distinct from the capacity simply
to use information acquired through past
experiences.Subsequently, Clayton et al.
developed criteria to test for episodic
(10)memory in animals.According to these
criteria, episodic memories are not of
individual bits of information; they involve
multiple components of a single event
“bound” together.Clayton sought to
(15)examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate
memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”
information and their binding of this infor-
mation.In the wild, these birds store food
for retrieval later during periods of food
(20)scarcity.Clayton’s experiment required
jays to remember the type, location, and
freshness of stored food based on a unique
learning event.Crickets were stored in one
location and peanuts in another.Jays
(25)prefer crickets, but crickets degrade
more quickly.Clayton’s birds switched
their preference from crickets to peanuts
once the food had been stored for a certain
length of time, showing that they retain
(30)information about the what, the where,
and the when.Such experiments cannot,
however, reveal whether the birds were
reexperiencing the past when retrieving the
information.Clayton acknowledged this by
using the term “episodic-like” memory.

Q9:
It can be inferred that the author of the passage and Clayton would both agree that

1. the food preferences of the scrub jays in Clayton’s experiment are difficult to explain
   
   
2. the presence of episodic memory cannot be inferred solely on the basis of observable behavior
   
   
3. Clayton’s experiment demonstrated that scrub jays do not reexperience the past but do exhibit episodic-like memory
   
   
4. Tulving substantially underestimated the ability of animals to bind different kinds of information
   
   
5. Clayton’s experiment had certain fundamental design flaws that make it difficult to draw any conclusions about scrub jay’s memories
   
   请问各位NN，这题的D有什么错误？3Q～
   

程喷喷

顶一个~~~~
为什么C是错的?
请NN指教!!

wangjialei

顶一个~~~~
为什么C是错的?
请NN指教!!

-- by 会员 程喷喷 (2010/6/28 17:38:23)

看到你的提问，因为整篇文章最后提到“Such experiments cannot, however, reveal whether the birds were reexperiencing the past when retrieving the information.Clayton acknowledged this by using the term “episodic-like” memory.”

也就是说，该实验，不能揭示，鸟儿是否reexperience，所以clayton才用一个“类”episodic momory来形容。注意红字部分，因此C说证实了并没有reexperince而是展现出了episodic like，则与原文不符。因此B对，光一个实验说明不了问题。

此外such...表达了作者的观点，而clayton acknowledge this也说明该研究人员也认为如此，正好是both agree

谷雨lyj

楼上解释的好好！

lixx201409

我也选的D。我觉得可能是因为Tulving这个人理论核心是在于认为reexperince是人类特有的，而不是bind different kinds of information是人类特有的，是两种能力，就称A和B吧。Clayton的实验是考察这种鸟能不能B，实验结果也不能用来评价有关A的理论