GWD9-Q5

rainbowmanutd

By the sixteenth century, the Incas of South America ruled an empire that extended along the Pacific coast and Andean highlands from what is now Ecuador to central Chile

. While most of the Incas were self-sufficient agriculturists, the inhabitants of the highland basins above 9,000 feet were constrained by the kinds of crops they could cultivate. Whereas 95 percent of the principal Andean food crops can be cultivated below 3,000 feet, only 20 percent reproduce readily above 9,000 feet. Given this unequal resource distribution, highland Incas needed access to the products of lower, warmer climatic zones in order to enlarge the variety and quantity of their foodstuffs. In most of the preindustrial world, the problem of different resource distribution was resolved by long-distance trade networks over which the end consumer exercised little control. Although the peoples of the Andean highlands participated in such networks,they relied primarily on the maintenance of autonomous production forces in as many ecological zones as possible. The commodities produced in these zones were extracted, processed, and transported entirely by members of a single group.

This strategy of direct access to a maximum number of ecological zones by a single group is called vertical economy. Even today, one can see Andean communities maintaining use rights simultaneously to pasturelands above 12,000 feet, to potato fields in basins over 9,000 feet, and to plots of warm-land crops in regions below 6,000 feet.This strategy has two principal variations.The first is “compressed verticality,” in which a single village resides in a location that permits easy access to closely located ecological zones. Different crop zones or pasturelands are located within a few days walk of the parent community. Community members may reside temporarily in one of the lower zones to manage the extraction of products unavailable in the homeland. In the second variation, called the “vertical archipelago,” the village exploits resources in widely dispersed locations, constituting a series of independent production “islands.” In certain pre-Columbian Inca societies, groups were sent from the home territory to establish permanent satellite communities or colonies in distant tropical forests or coastal locations. There the colonists grew crops and extracted products for their own use and for transshipment back to their high-altitude compatriots. In contrast to the compressed verticality system, in this system, commodities rather than people circulated through the archipelago.
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According to the passage, the inhabitants of the Andean highlands resolved the problem of unequal resource distribution primarily in which of the following ways?

A.Following self-sufficient agricultural practices

B.Increasing commodity production from the ecological zones in the highland basins

C.Increasing their reliance on long-distance trade networks

D.Establishing satellite communities throughout the Andean highlands

E.Establishing production forces in ecological zones beyond their parent communities

选E，是在红色部位定位吗？为什么不选A呢？aotonomous不就是self-sufficient吗~？E中的parent哪里提到了呀

According to the passage, the inhabitants of the Andean highlands resolved the problem of unequal resource distribution primarily in which of the following ways?

A.Following self-sufficient agricultural practices

B.Increasing commodity production from the ecological zones in the highland basins

C.Increasing their reliance on long-distance trade networks

D.Establishing satellite communities throughout the Andean highlands

E.Establishing production forces in ecological zones beyond their parent communities

选E，是在红色部位定位吗？为什么不选A呢？aotonomous不就是self-sufficient吗~？E中的parent哪里提到了呀

rainbowmanutd

mickleon

最开始看完，定位是：
Given this unequal resource distribution, highland Incas needed access to the products of lower, warmer climatic zones in order to enlarge the variety and quantity of their foodstuffs.

Although the peoples of the Andean highlands participated in such networks, they relied primarily on the maintenance of autonomous production forces in as many ecological zones as possible.

BE之间选了半天，最后醒悟B说的是Incas，题目问的是Andean，吐血半天，所以应该是E。

这Andean这句话说的是“主要”靠自给自足的生产力，而且上半句引用的such network起源是上一句的商品不同，最后才建立了long-distance trade networks。
所以可见至少没说是完全自给自足的，有进口滴。所以A说的片面了。

Rebeldom

LS的十分敬业,佩服

mickleon

LS的十分敬业,佩服

-- by 会员 Rebeldom (2010/5/12 15:21:16)

呃 我是上班难得今天不开会 在这逛论坛 也算复习 呵呵
我一共没复习几天 心虚啊
借着给别人写几句，帮大家思考，自己也整理思路。
其实觉得要是不上班，可能没问题；上着班，真是没时间看啊。

rainbowmanutd

最开始看完，定位是：
Given this unequal resource distribution, highland Incas needed access to the products of lower, warmer climatic zones in order to enlarge the variety and quantity of their foodstuffs.

Although the peoples of the Andean highlands participated in such networks, they relied primarily on the maintenance of autonomous production forces in as many ecological zones as possible.

BE之间选了半天，最后醒悟B说的是Incas，题目问的是Andean，吐血半天，所以应该是E。

这Andean这句话说的是“主要”靠自给自足的生产力，而且上半句引用的such network起源是上一句的商品不同，最后才建立了long-distance trade networks。
所以可见至少没说是完全自给自足的，有进口滴。所以A说的片面了。

-- by 会员 mickleon (2010/5/12 15:19:25)

多谢，可我还是不太懂E的 parent~

gracezz

顶，第一个题还是不明白。。。。我选择了B啊。。。。怎么能看出来B说的是INCAS呢？

双鱼游

我觉得B错不是因为“B说的是Incas，题目问的是Andean”，因为题目一开始就说了Incas 统治着从太平洋到Andean 高地的领域，这说明 Andean其实就是 Incas 人，选E 是因为第一段末尾they relied primarily on the maintenance of autonomous production forces in as many ecological zones as possible，也就是依靠在尽可能多的生态带的自主生产力的维持上，第二段就着重介绍这种策略就是垂直经济，提到有两个因素，一个是“compressed verticality”，这个因素后面提到 Different crop zones or pasturelands are located within a few days walk of the parent community，把不同的作物带位于母系社区几天的路程之内，第二个因素“vertical archipelago,”，后面提到In certain pre-Columbian Inca societies, groups were sent from the home territory to establish permanent satellite communities or colonies in distant tropical forests or coastal locations.也就是群体离开家乡去远方的热带树林和沿海地区来建立永久satellite community，这两个因素都说明beyond their parent communities去种植作物，所以综合看来，选E,我觉得B错是因为 from the ecological zones in the highland basins，是说还在Highland basin种植 生态区，应该是离开Highland （也就是parent communities）。
这题也太难了吧

白冬冬

我觉得B错不是因为“B说的是Incas，题目问的是Andean”，因为题目一开始就说了Incas 统治着从太平洋到Andean 高地的领域，这说明 Andean其实就是 Incas 人，选E 是因为第一段末尾they relied primarily on the maintenance of autonomous production forces in as many ecological zones as possible，也就是依靠在尽可能多的生态带的自主生产力的维持上，第二段就着重介绍这种策略就是垂直经济，提到有两个因素，一个是“compressed verticality”，这个因素后面提到 Different crop zones or pasturelands are located within a few days walk of the parent community，把不同的作物带位于母系社区几天的路程之内，第二个因素“vertical archipelago,”，后面提到In certain pre-Columbian Inca societies, groups were sent from the home territory to establish permanent satellite communities or colonies in distant tropical forests or coastal locations.也就是群体离开家乡去远方的热带树林和沿海地区来建立永久satellite community，这两个因素都说明beyond their parent communities去种植作物，所以综合看来，选E,我觉得B错是因为 from the ecological zones in the highland basins，是说还在Highland basin种植 生态区，应该是离开Highland （也就是parent communities）。
这题也太难了吧

-- by 会员 双鱼游 (2010/9/21 10:27:33)

此解释靠谱！！多谢了！（但是考场上可怎么办啊。。。）

jerryhll

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