请教两道阅读题。。。器官移植

gracezz

The transplantation of organs from one individual to another normally involves two major problems: (1) organ rejection is likely unless the transplantation antigens (a usually protein or carbohydrate substance (as a toxin or enzyme) capable of stimulating an immune response)of both individuals are nearly identical, and (2) the introduction of any unmatched transplantation antigens induces the development by the recipient of donor-specific lymphocytes that will produce violent rejection of further transplantations from that donor. However, we have found that among many strains of rats these “normal” rules of transplantation are not obeyed by liver transplants. Not only are liver transplants never rejected, but they even induce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in which subsequent transplants of other organs, such as skin, from that donor are accepted permanently. Our hypothesis is that (1) many strains of rats simply cannot mount a sufficiently vigorous destructive immune-response (using lymphocytes) to outstrip the liver’s relatively great capacity to protect itself from immune-response damage and that (2) the systemic unresponsiveness observed is due to concentration of the recipient’s donor-specific lymphocytes at the site of the liver transplant.




18.It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that an important difference among strains of rats is the

(A) size of their livers

(B) constitution of their skin

(C) strength of their immune-response reactions

(D) sensitivity of their antigens（C）

(E) adaptability of their lymphocytes

19.According to the hypothesis of the author, after a successful liver transplant, the reason that rats do not reject further transplants of other organs from the same donor is that the

(A) transplantation antigens of the donor and the recipient become matched

(B) lymphocytes of the recipient are weakened by the activity of the transplanted liver

(C) subsequently transplanted organ is able to repair the damage caused by the recipient’s immune-response reaction

(D) transplanted liver continues to be the primary locus for the recipient’s immune-response reaction（D）

(E) recipient is unable to manufacture the lymphocytes necessary for the immune-response reaction

gracezz

尤其是19题。。。。。还是不明白。。。。

songer_xj

根据文章最后两个假设：1）liver能够不受immune-response (using lymphocytes)攻击的能力；2）无反应是由于lymphocytes 聚集在移植的liver这里。答案D与第二个假设说的意思一致。

gracezz

谢谢楼上