[阅读] 四月贰拾陆至伍月阅读汇总（2010年5.25结贴）

Lavender瑶瑶

LZ.....密码不好用了哦~~~！天~~~之前能打开的。。和原来没修改版的都打不开了呢！！！难道是换了密码吗？？？

Lavender瑶瑶

哦。。。。是我弄错啦。。。。OMG。。。连拼音都不会了呢！！！谢谢楼主哦。。。弄得好全好全。。。辛苦啦

bbm2008

什么意思叫 原来的我去掉了 ？
去掉了什么 ？~谢谢楼主~

jjjxxx8

考古是什么意思？指和已经JJ相关的？

tyzgmat

楼主  能不能在星期四前在更新一次   谢谢了

kathycathy

再试试吧~密码没问题的，我已经打开啦

windypig123

楼主  能不能在星期四前在更新一次   谢谢了

-- by 会员 tyzgmat (2010/5/18 1:21:02)

应该没有问题的，他家不在上海，所以去上海考试 来回要耽误一定的时间，请见谅啦。星期四之前没有问题的。其实现在的鸡精还算全面了 抓紧把SC弄弄

jingjing040723

为什么只有缩减版的了…………楼主能不能麻烦你把原来的发上来啊？为什么缩减啊？

75618696

阅读有目录版的 36宇宙概念和42的universe constant应该是一个 放一起吧~

nowwsy

lzlzlz
新增一篇gwd原文！！
GWD-27-Q3-Q6 鸟为什么会飞的两种理论
    Two opposing scenarios,        两种解释鸟飞的假设：树栖和疾走。
    the “arboreal” hypothesis and
    the “cursorial” hypothesis, have
Line traditionally been put forward con-
(5)  cerning the origins of bird flight.
    The “arboreal” hypothesis holds      树栖论说鸟祖先爬上树滑行下来，随
    that bird ancestors began to fly       着羽毛越来越大，最终飞了起来。
    by climbing frees and gliding
    down from branches with the
(10) help of incipient feathers: the
    height of trees provides a good
    starting place for launching flight,
    especially through gliding. As
    feathers became larger over time,
(15) flapping flight evolved and birds
    finally became fully air-borne.
    This hypothesis makes intuitive       树栖论的问题：始祖鸟和M恐龙没有
    Sense, but certain aspects are         明显的栖树适应性，如合适的脚。
    Troubling. Archaeopteryx (the
(20) earliest known bird) and its
    maniraptoran dinosaur cousins
    have no obviously arboreal
    adaptations, such as feet fully
    adapted for perching. Perhaps        没分析显示始祖鸟曾用前肢爬树和飞，
(25) some of them could climb trees,
    but no convincing analysis has
    demonstrated how Archaeopteryx
    would have both climbed and
    flown with its forelimbs, and there
(30) were no plants taller than a few       始祖鸟化石发现的地方也没有发现高
    meters in the environments where      树。
    Archaeopteryx fossils have been
    found. Even if the animals could       即使它会爬树也不表明会滑翔。
    climb trees, this ability is not
(35) synonymous with gliding ability.
    (Many small animals, and even
    some goats and kangaroos,
    are capable of climbing trees
    but are not gliders.) Besides,
(40) Archaeopteryx shows no obvi-
    ous features of gliders, such as        它没明显的滑翔特征。
    a broad membrane connecting
    forelimbs and hind limbs.
       The “cursorial”(running)
(45) hypothesis holds that small           疾走论认为鸟为了躲避猎食者，奔跑
    dinosaurs ran along the ground        并张开双臂平行
    and stretched out their arms for
    balance as they leaped into the
    air after insect prey or, perhaps,
(50) to avoid predators. Even rudi-         前肢的原始特征能帮助身体稍微升高
    mentary feathers on forelimbs
    could have expanded the arm’s
    surface area to enhance lift
    slightly. Larger feathers could         然后鸟慢慢就飞起来了。
(55) have increased lift incrementally,
    until sustained flight was gradu-
    ally achieved. Of course, a leap
    into the air does not provide the
    acceleration produced by drop-
(60) ping out of a tree; an animal
    would have to run quite fast
    to take off. Still, some small
    terrestrial animals can achieve
    high speeds. The cursorial
(65) hypothesis is strengthened by
    the fact that the immediate the-         兽脚亚目恐龙祖先拥有各种疾走的
    ropod dinosaur ancestors of            特点。
    birds were terrestrial, and they
    had the traits needed for high
(70) lift off speeds: they were small,
    agile, lightly built, long-legged,         另外，
    and good runners. And because         它们用两足走，双臂有空用来拍打。
    they were bipedal, their arms
    were free to evolve flapping flight,
(75) which cannot be said for other
    reptiles of their time.
    
---------------------------------------------------------
Q 3:
The primary purpose of the passage is to

present counterevidence to two hypotheses concerning the origins of  bird flight
propose and alternative to two hypotheses concerning the origins of bird flight
correct certain misconceptions about hypotheses concerning the  origins of bird flight
(missing)
refute a challenge to a hypothesis concerning the origins of bird flight
evaluate competing hypotheses concerning the origins of bird flight

---------------------------------------------------
Q 4:
The passage presents which of the following facts as evidence that tends to undermine the arboreal hypothesis?

Feathers tend to become larger over time
Flapping flight is thought to have evolved gradually over time
Many small animals are capable of climbing trees.
Plants in Archaeopteryx’s known habitats were relatively small
Leaping into the air does not provide as much acceleration as gliding out of a tree

------------------------------------------------
Q 5:
Which of the following is included in the discussion of the cursorial hypothesis but not in the discussion of the arboreal hypothesis?

A discussion of some of the features of Archaeopteryx
A description of the environment known to have been inhabited by bird ancestors
A possible reason why bird ancestors might have been engaging in activities that eventually evolved into flight
A description of the obvious features of animals with gliding ability
An estimate of the amount of time it took for bird ancestors to evolve the kind of flapping flight that allowed them to become completely airborne

-------------------------------------------------
Q 6:
The passage suggests which of the following regarding the climbing ability of Archaeopteryx?

Its ability to climb trees was likely hindered by the presence of incipient feathers on its forelimbs.
It was probably better at climbing trees than were its maniraptoran dinosaur cousins.
It had certain physical adaptations that suggest it was skilled at climbing trees.
Scientists have recently discovered fossil evidence suggesting it could not climb trees.
Scientists are uncertain whether it was capable of climbing trees