跪求nn们指教！！大恩使劲谢！！！

AmyGMAT

不知道各位大牛觉得这类的文章怎么样，但是我拿到这种文章实在是束手无措，这几天一直在按照小安阅读法练习，找到了一些感觉，但是一旦碰上类似于这样的文章就很迷茫，通篇文章作者的观点，态度不好找，如果先通读原文再做题，根本什么信息都记不住，如果边做题便找，也要浪费很多时间。。而且多数情况下找不到。。。有的时候遇到类似的比较难的文章，或者涉及背景知识比较复杂的文章，通常都放过了，安慰自己在考场上碰不到这样的文章。。可想一想这样也不是办法，总要找一个解决方法，我自己是想破了脑子，实在没有办法了，上来麻烦各位大牛，希望大牛们不吝赐教，指点一下你们在做这类文章是是怎么做的？真的非常感谢！！！谢谢了谢谢了！！！大牛们一定指教啊！！！您哪怕说上一两句也是对我很大的帮助，谢谢！！
Passage 25 (25/63)In 1977 the prestigious Ewha Women’s University in Seoul, Korea
,announced the opening of the first women’s studies program in Asia.Few academic programs have ever received such public attention. In broadcastdebates, critics dismissed the program as a betrayal of national identity, animitation of Western ideas, and a distraction from the real task of nationalunification and economic development. Even supporters underestimated theprogram; they thought it would be merely another of the many Western ideas thathad already proved useful in Asian culture, akin to airlines, electricity, andthe assembly line. The founders of the program, however, realized that neitherview was correct. They had some reservations about the applicability of Westernfeminist theories to the role of women in Asiaand felt that such theories should be closely examined. Their approach has thus far (thus far:迄今) yielded important critiques of Westerntheory, informed by the special experience of Asian women.For instance, like the Western feminist critique of theFreudian model of the human psyche, the Korean critique finds Freudian theoryculture-bound, but in ways different from those cited by Western theorists. TheKorean theorists claim that Freudian theory assumes the universality of theWestern nuclear, male-headed family and focuses on the personality formation ofthe individual, independent of (independent of: 不依赖...,独立于....) society. An analysis based on suchassumptions could be valid for a highly competitive, individualistic society.In the Freudian family drama (a state, situation, or series of events involvinginteresting or intense conflict of forces), family members areassumed to be engaged in a Darwinian struggle against each other—father againstson and sibling against sibling. Such a concept projects the competitive modelof Western society onto human personalities. But in the Asian concept of personalitythere is no ideal attached to individualism or to the independent self. TheWestern model of personality development does not explain major characteristicsof the Korean personality, which is social and group-centered. The “self” is asocial being defined by and acting in a group, and the well-being of both menand women is determined by the equilibrium of the group, not by individual self-assertion (1:the act of asserting oneself or one's own rights, claims, or opinions 2: theact of asserting one's superiority over others). The ideal is oneof interdependency.
In such a context, what is recognized as “dependency”in Western psychiatric terms is not, in Korean terms, an admission of weaknessor failure. All this bears directly on the Asian perception of men’s andwomen’s psychology because men are also “dependent.” In Korean culture, men cryand otherwise easily show their emotions, something that might be considered abetrayal of masculinity in Western culture. In the kinship-based society ofKorea, four generations may live in the same house, which means that people canbe sons and daughters all their lives, whereas in Western culture, the roles ofhusband and son, wife and daughter, are often incompatible.
1.    Which ofthe following best summarizes the content of the passage?
(A) A critique of a particular women’sstudies program
(B) A report of work in social theory doneby a particular women’s studies program
(C) An assessment of the strengths andweaknesses of a particular women’s studies program
(D) An analysis of the philosophyunderlying women’s studies programs（B）
(E) An abbreviated history of Koreanwomen’s studies programs
2.    It can beinferred from the passage that Korean scholars in the field of women’s studiesundertook an analysis of Freudian theory as a response to which of thefollowing?
(A) Attacks by critics of the Ewha women’sstudies program
(B) The superficiality of earlier critiquesof Freudian theory
(C) The popularity of Freud in Koreanpsychiatric circles
(D) Their desire to encourage Koreanscholars to adopt the Freudian model（E）
(E) Their assessment of the relevance andlimitations of Western feminist theory with respect to Korean culture
3.    Which ofthe following conclusions about the introduction of Western ideas to Koreansociety can be supported by information contained in the passage?
(A) Except for technological innovations,few Western ideas have been successfully transplanted into Korean society.
(B) The introduction of Western ideas toKorean society is viewed by some Koreans as a challenge to Korean identity.
(C) The development of the Korean economydepends heavily on the development of new academic programs modeled afterWestern programs.
(D) The extent to which Western ideas mustbe adapted for acceptance by Korean society is minimal.（B）
(E) The introduction of Western ideas toKorean society accelerated after 1977.
4.    It can beinferred from the passage that the broadcast media in Korea
considered the establishmentof the Ewha women’s studies program(A) praiseworthy
(B) insignificant
(C) newsworthy
(D) imitative（C）
(E) incomprehensible
5.    It can beinferred from the passage that the position taken by some of the supporters ofthe Ewha women’s studies program was problematic to the founders of the programbecause those supporters
(A) assumed that the program would be basedon the uncritical adoption of Western theory
(B) failed to show concern for the issuesof national unification and economic development
(C) were unfamiliar with Western feministtheory
(D) were not themselves scholars in thefield of women’s studies（A）
(E) accepted the universality of Freudiantheory
6.    Which ofthe following statements is most consistent with the view of personalitydevelopment held by the Ewha women’s studies group?
(A) Personality development occurs inidentifiable stages, beginning with dependency in childhood and ending withindependence in adulthood.
(B) Any theory of personality development,in order to be valid, must be universal.
(C) Personality development is influencedby the characteristics of the society in which a person lives.
(D) Personality development is hindered ifa person is not permitted to be independent.（C）
(E) No theory of personality developmentcan account for the differences between Korean and Western culture.
7.    Which ofthe following statements about the Western feminist critique of Freudian theorycan be supported by information contained in the passage?
(A) It recognizes the influence of Westernculture on Freudian theory.
(B) It was written after 1977.
(C) It acknowledges the universality of thenuclear, male-headed family.
(D) It challenges Freud’s analysis of therole of daughters in Western society.（A）
(E) It fails to address the issue ofcompetitiveness in Western society.
8.    Accordingto the passage, critics of the Ewha women’s studies program cited the programas a threat to which of the following?
I.    Nationalidentity
II.   Nationalunification
III.  Economicdevelopment
IV.   Family integrity
(A) I only
(B) I and II only
(C) I, II, and III only
(D) II, III, and IV only（C）
(E) I, II, III, and IV

AmyGMAT

牛牛们，无助啊。我真的很想像那些大牛们一下自己钻研，找出方法，可奈何心有余而力不足，nn们一定帮帮忙啊！！

AmyGMAT

Passage 25 (25/63)结论解释型：文章开始给出明确结论，后文都是对它所作的解释说明。
主题句：文章开端结论给出之处。
现象解释型：原文先给出一个让人费解或疑惑的现象后面给出解释
主题句：合理解释给出之处。
这是新东方给出的主旨题的做法，但是这篇文章我的疑惑之处在于分不清这到底是结论解释性还是现象解释型。第一题主旨题做错了，后来结合着答案我就勉强把它归类为结论解释型。但是完全没有根据，大牛帮我指点一下这两种文章类型有什么区别。大谢！！
结论，本篇主旨In 1977 the prestigious Ewha Women’s University in Seoul, Korea,announced the opening of the first women’s studies program in Asia. （Few academic programs have ever receivedsuch public attention4*C.下面是讲对这件事情的评价In broadcast debates, critics dismissed theprogram as a betrayal of national identity,3*B an imitation of Western ideas, and a distractionfrom the real task of national unification and economic development. Evensupporters underestimated the program; they thought it would be merely anotherof the many Western ideas that had already proved useful in Asian culture, akinto airlines, electricity, and the assembly line.5*A ）Thefounders of the program, however（强转折，往往是出题点）, realizedthat neither view was correct. They had some reservations保留意见 aboutthe applicability of Western feminist theories to the role of women in Asia andfelt that such theories should be closely examined.Their approach has thus far (thus far: 迄今) yielded important critiques ofWestern theory, informed by the special experience of Asian women.2*E
整段举例。For instance, like（出题点，整句话都要仔细读） the Western feminist critique of the Freudian model of the humanpsyche, the Korean critique finds Freudian theory culture-bound, but （转折！！）in ways different from those cited by Western theorists.讲Korean和western观点有相同点，但也有不同点。重点在不同！ 对下文预判：不同之处表现在哪里？TheKorean theorists claim that Freudian theory assumes the universalityof the Western nuclear, male-headed familyand focuses on the personality formation of theindividual, independent of (independentof: 不依赖...,独立于....) society.（K认为的F理论） An analysis based on such assumptions could be valid for a highlycompetitive, individualistic society.
nn们我的能力到此为止，后面实在是理不清了，作者的态度什么的，到这里全都混了。求大牛帮我指点一下后面的吧
In the Freudian family drama (a state,situation, or series of events involving interesting or intense conflict offorces), family members are assumed to be engaged in a Darwinianstruggle against each other—father against son and sibling against sibling.Such a concept projects the competitive model of Western society onto humanpersonalities. But in the Asian concept of personality there is no idealattached to individualism or to the independent self. The Western model ofpersonality development does not explain major characteristics of the Koreanpersonality, which is social and group-centered. The “self” is a social beingdefined by and acting in a group, and the well-being of both men and women isdetermined by the equilibrium of the group, not by individual self-assertion (1:the act of asserting oneself or one's own rights, claims, or opinions 2: theact of asserting one's superiority over others). The ideal is oneof interdependency.
In such a context, what is recognized as“dependency” in Western psychiatric terms is not, in Korean terms, an admissionof weakness or failure. All this bears directly on the Asian perception ofmen’s and women’s psychology because men are also “dependent.” In Koreanculture, men cry and otherwise easily show their emotions, something that mightbe considered a betrayal of masculinity in Western culture. In thekinship-based society of Korea, four generations may live in the same house,which means that people can be sons and daughters all their lives, whereas inWestern culture, the roles of husband and son, wife and daughter, are oftenincompatible.
1.    Which ofthe following best summarizes the content of the passage?
(A) A critiqueof a particular women’s studies program
(B) A report of work in social theory done by a particularwomen’s studies program是文章开端结论给出之处那句话的改写。
(C) Anassessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a particular women’s studiesprogram
(D) An analysisof the philosophy underlying women’s studies programs（B）
(E) Anabbreviated history of Korean women’s studies programs
2.    推断题It can be inferredfrom the passage that Korean scholars in the field of women’s studiesundertook an analysis of Freudian theory as a response to which of thefollowing?
(A) Attacks bycritics of the Ewha women’s studies program
(B) Thesuperficiality of earlier critiques of Freudian theory
(C) Thepopularity of Freud in Korean psychiatric circles
(D) Theirdesire to encourage Korean scholars to adopt the Freudian model（E）
(E) Their assessmentof the relevance and limitations of Western feminist theory with respect toKorean culture
3.    Which ofthe following conclusions about the introduction of Western ideas to Koreansociety can be supported by information contained in the passage?
(A) Except fortechnological innovations, few Western ideas have been successfullytransplanted into Korean society.
(B) Theintroduction of Western ideas to Korean society is viewed by some Koreans as achallenge to Korean identity.
(C) Thedevelopment of the Korean economy depends heavily on the development of newacademic programs modeled after Western programs.
(D) The extentto which Western ideas must be adapted for acceptance by Korean society isminimal.（B）
(E) Theintroduction of Western ideas to Korean society accelerated after 1977.
4.    It can beinferred from the passage that the broadcast media in Korea
considered the establishmentof the Ewha women’s studies program(A)praiseworthy
(B)insignificant
(C) newsworthy
(D) imitative（C）
(E)incomprehensible
5.    推断题It can be inferredfrom the passage that the position taken by some of the supporters of the Ewhawomen’s studies program was problematic to the founders of the program becausethose supporters
(A) assumedthat the program would be based on the uncritical adoption of Western theory
(B) failed toshow concern for the issues of national unification and economic development
(C) wereunfamiliar with Western feminist theory
(D) were notthemselves scholars in the field of women’s studies（A）
(E) acceptedthe universality of Freudian theory
依据前面的理解勉勉强强做完了前面的，但速度很慢。拜托nn指点啊！
6.    Whichof the following statements is most consistent with the view of personalitydevelopment held by the Ewha women’s studies group?
(A) Personality development occurs in identifiable stages,beginning with dependency in childhood and ending with independence inadulthood.A这题我选对了，但是没有找到合理的依据。
(B) Any theory of personality development, in order to bevalid, must be universal.
(C) Personality development is influenced by thecharacteristics of the society in which a person lives.
(D) Personality development is hindered if a person is notpermitted to be independent.（C）
(E) No theory of personality development can account for thedifferences between Korean and Western culture.
7.    Whichof the following statements about the Western feminist critique of Freudiantheory can be supported by information contained in the passage?
(A) It recognizes the influence of Western culture onFreudian theory.这题我也是凭感觉选对了，这题是问关于western对于F的评价
(B) It was written after 1977.把它排除了
(C) It acknowledges the universality of the nuclear,male-headed family.这个说的是K的观点
(D) It challenges Freud’s analysis of the role of daughtersin Western society.（A）
(E) It fails to address the issue of competitiveness inWestern society.
8.    Accordingto the passage, critics of the Ewha women’s studies program cited the programas a threat to which of the following?
I.    Nationalidentity
II.   Nationalunification
III.  Economicdevelopment
IV.   Familyintegrity
(A) I only我选的A
(B) I and II only
(C) I, II, and III only
(D) II, III, and IV only（C）
(E) I, II, III, and IV

AmyGMAT

哎 我一个人的独角戏啊。。。


如果大家觉得麻烦，那是否可以帮我解答一下关于这篇文章的主旨问题。谢谢了

mofell

我觉得主旨句是Their approach has thus far (thus far: 迄今) yielded important critiques ofWestern theory, informed by the special experience of Asian women.
后文2段都在从the special experience of Asian women的角度解释它的critiques ofWestern theory
这些critiques是这个program工作的得到的结论，所以是a report of work

mofell

个人拙见。
黄色是重要的句子 蓝色为略看 紫色是考点


For instance（上段末说这个program对W提出了很多反驳，反驳之一是它bound,）, like the Western feminist critique of the Freudian model of the human psyche, the Korean critique finds Freudian theory culture-bound,but in ways different from those cited by Western theorists. The Korean theorists claim that（正式开始说明它的反驳）Freudian theory assumes the universality of the Western nuclear, male-headed family and focuses on the personality formation of the individual, independent of (independent of: 不依赖...,独立于....) society. An analysis based on such assumptions could be valid for a highly competitive, individualistic society. In the Freudian family drama (a state, situation, or series of events involving interesting or intense conflict of forces), family members are assumed to be engaged in a Darwinian struggle against each other—father against son and sibling against sibling. Such(2个such 表明这段话关系层层递进，知道大略讲了Freudian theory分析的前提和适用既可，可以略看) a concept projects the competitive model of Western society onto human personalities. But（开始转折）in the Asian concept of personality there is no ideal attached to individualism or to the independent self.（转折表明ASIAN不存在Freudian theory的前提，因此这个理论在ASIAN站不住脚）The Western model of personality development does not explain（进一步解释）major characteristics of the Korean personality, which is social and group-centered.（还在解释，抓出中心词self，略看）The “self” is a social being defined by and acting in a group, and the well-being of both men and women is determined by the equilibrium of the group, not by individual self-assertion (1: the act of asserting oneself or one's own rights, claims, or opinions 2: the act of asserting one's superiority over others). The ideal is one of interdependency.

In such a context（说明又是一个递进关系，和前面态度一致。）, what is recognized as “dependency” in Western psychiatric terms is not, in Korean terms, an admission of weakness or failure. （说韩国社会中dependency并不视为weakness or failure，原因是men也dependent）All this bears directly on the Asian perception of men’s and women’s psychology because men are also “dependent.” In Korean culture（后面开始详细说明，看到这里为止就可以了，之后略看）, men cry and otherwise easily show their emotions, something that might be considered a betrayal of masculinity in Western culture. In the kinship-based society of Korea, four generations may live in the same house, which means that people can be sons and daughters all their lives, whereas in Western culture, the roles of husband and son, wife and daughter, are often incompatible.

liberzephyr

结合前人的讨论和自己的理解 25篇的详细解释
In 1977 theprestigious Ewha Women’s University in Seoul, Korea
, announced the opening of the firstwomen’s studies program in Asia. Few academic programs have everreceived such public attention.(4C) In broadcast debates, critics dismissed theprogram as a betrayal of national identity, an imitation of Westernideas, and a distraction from the real task of national unification and economicdevelopment. (3B)(8C) Even supporters underestimated the program; they thought it would be merely another of the many Western ideas that hadalready proved useful in Asian culture, akin to airlines, electricity, and theassembly line. The founders of the program, however, realized thatneither view was correct. They had some reservationsabout the applicability of Western feminist theories to the role of women in Asia and felt that such theories should be closelyexamined.(5A) Their approach has thus far (thus far: 迄今) yielded important critiques of Western theory, informedby the special experience of Asian women.(1B)(2E)For instance, like the Western feministcritique of the Freudian model of the human psyche, the Korean critique findsFreudian theory culture-bound(7A), but in ways different from thosecited by Western theorists. The Korean theorists claim that Freudian theoryassumes the universality of the Western nuclear, male-headed family and focuseson the personality formation of the individual, independentof (independent of:
不依赖...,独立于....)society. An analysis based on such assumptions could be valid for a highlycompetitive, individualistic society. In the Freudian family drama (a state,situation, or series of events involving interesting or intense conflict offorces), family members are assumed to be engaged in a Darwinianstruggle against each other—father against son and sibling against sibling.Such a concept projects the competitive model of Western society onto humanpersonalities. But in the Asian concept of personality there is no ideal attachedto individualism or to the independent self. The Western model of personalitydevelopment does not explain major characteristics of the Korean personality,which is social and group-centered. The “self” is a social being defined byand acting in a group, and the well-being ofboth men and women is determined by the equilibrium of the group, not by individual self-assertion (1: the act of asserting oneselfor one's own rights, claims, or opinions 2: the act of asserting one'ssuperiority over others). The ideal is one of interdependency.(6C)In such a context,what is recognized as “dependency(6C)”in Western psychiatric terms is not, in Korean terms, an admission of weaknessor failure. All this bears directly on the Asian perception of men’s andwomen’s psychology because men are also “dependent.” In Korean culture, men cryand otherwise easily show their emotions, something that might be considered abetrayal of masculinity in Western culture. In the kinship-based society ofKorea, four generations may live in the same house, which means that people canbe sons and daughters all their lives, whereas in Western culture, the roles ofhusband and son, wife and daughter, are often incompatible.
1.     Whichof the following best summarizes the content of the passage?
(A) A critiqueof a particular women’s studies program
(B) A report ofwork in social theory done by a particular women’s studies program
(C) Anassessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a particular women’s studiesprogram
(D) An analysisof the philosophy underlying women’s studies programs（B）
(E) Anabbreviated history of Korean women’s studies programs

Their approach has thus far yieldedimportant critiques of Western theory, informed by the special experience ofAsian women.
important critiques对应A report of work
Their approach  对应 by a particular women’s studiesprogram

2.     Itcan be inferred from the passage that Korean scholars in the field of women’sstudies undertook an analysis of Freudian theory as a response to which of thefollowing?(A) Attacks bycritics of the Ewha women’s studies program
(B) Thesuperficiality of earlier critiques of Freudian theory
(C) Thepopularity of Freud in Korean psychiatric circles
(D) Theirdesire to encourage Korean scholars to adopt the Freudian model（E）
(E) Theirassessment of the relevance and limitations of Western feminist theory withrespect to Korean culture

考第二段的内容，第二段开头的For instance 揭示，第二段都承接第一段的最后一句话。Western theory and specialexperience of Asian women.3.     Whichof the following conclusions about the introduction of Western ideas to Koreansociety can be supported by information contained in the passage?
(A) Except fortechnological innovations, few Western ideas have been successfullytransplanted into Korean society.
(B) Theintroduction of Western ideas to Korean society is viewed by some Koreans as achallenge to Korean identity.
(C) Thedevelopment of the Korean economy depends heavily on the development of newacademic programs modeled after Western programs.
(D) The extentto which Western ideas must be adapted for acceptance by Korean society isminimal.（B）
(E) Theintroduction of Western ideas to Korean society accelerated after 1977.
introduction ofWestern ideas定位到第一段的 animitation of Western ideas这句话，B改写了 theprogram a betrayal of national identity
4.     Itcan be inferred from the passage that the broadcast media in Korea
considered the establishmentof the Ewha women’s studies program(A)praiseworthy
(B)insignificant
(C) newsworthy
(D) imitative（C）
(E)incomprehensible
根据In broadcast debates这句话，我错选了D，但是D概括的不全面而且也不是infer。C更好，根据前面一句话可以推理出。


5.     Itcan be inferred from the passage that the position taken by some of thesupporters of the Ewha women’s studies program was problematic to the foundersof the program because those supporters
(A) assumedthat the program would be based on the uncritical adoption of Western theory
(B) failed toshow concern for the issues of national unification and economic development
(C) wereunfamiliar with Western feminist theory
(D) were notthemselves scholars in the field of women’s studies（A）
(E) acceptedthe universality of Freudian theory
定位第一段中的supporters。Merely another和The founders of the program had some reservations about theapplicability。跟A中的uncritical adoption完美对应。
6.     Whichof the following statements is most consistent with the view of personalitydevelopment held by the Ewha women’s studies group?
(A) Personalitydevelopment occurs in identifiable stages, beginning with dependency inchildhood and ending with independence in adulthood.
(B) Any theoryof personality development, in order to be valid, must be universal.
(C) Personalitydevelopment is influenced by the characteristics of the society in which aperson lives.
(D) Personalitydevelopment is hindered if a person is not permitted to be independent.（C）
(E) No theoryof personality development can account for the differences between Korean andWestern culture.
第二段后半段和第三段多处提到亚洲人生活在大家庭中，个性被这个大环境塑造。
7.     Whichof the following statements about the Western feminist critique of Freudiantheory can be supported by information contained in the passage?
(A) Itrecognizes the influence of Western culture on Freudian theory.
(B) It waswritten after 1977.
(C) Itacknowledges the universality of the nuclear, male-headed family.
(D) Itchallenges Freud’s analysis of the role of daughters in Western society.（A）
(E) It fails toaddress the issue of competitiveness in Western society.
定位首次出现，第二段首句韩国人跟西方人一样认为Freudian theory is culture-bound.即Western culture influence Freudian theory。
8.     Accordingto the passage, critics of the Ewha women’s studies program cited the programas a threat to which of the following?
I.      Nationalidentity
II.     Nationalunification
III.   Economicdevelopment
IV.    Familyintegrity
(A) I only
(B) I and IIonly
(C) I, II, and IIIonly
(D) II, III,and IV only（C）
(E) I, II, III,and IV

In broadcastdebates, critics dismissed the program as a betrayal of (national identity), an imitation of Westernideas, and a distraction from the real task of (national unification) and (economic development).

surrender

请问下第一题
1.     Whichof the following best summarizes the content of the passage?
(A) A critiqueof a particular women’s studies program
(B) A report ofwork in social theory done by a particular women’s studies program
(C) Anassessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a particular women’s studiesprogram
(D) An analysisof the philosophy underlying women’s studies programs（B）
(E) Anabbreviated history of Korean women’s studies programs

感觉这篇文章就是对women’s studies program的评论啊，A选项中“critique”不是有评论的意思吗，为什么不对呢？另外个人感觉B中“report”也不太贴切啊，应该是“comment”吧？

zxppx

In 1977 the prestigious Ewha Women’s University in Seoul, Korea, announced the opening of the first women’s studies program in Asia. Few academic programs have ever received such public attention. 一个新的关于女性的研究项目在韩国出现In broadcast debates, critics dismissed the program as a betrayal of national identity, an imitation of Western ideas, and a distraction from the real task of national unification and economic development. Even supporters underestimated the program; they thought it would be merely another of the many Western ideas that had already proved useful in Asian culture, akin to airlines, electricity, and the assembly line. 批评者认为该项目很大程度上是对于western ideas的模仿The founders of the program, however, realized that neither view was correct. They 指代the founders had some reservations about the applicability of Western feminist theories to the role of women in Asia and felt that such theories should be closely examined. Their approach has thus far (thus far: 迄今) yielded important critiques of Western theory, informed by the special experience of Asian women.该项目的发起人认为他们的项目对western theories有所保留，甚至是批评western theory的，即实际上不同于western theory

For instance,举例对上面的观点进行说明 like the Western feminist critique of the Freudian model of the human psyche, the Korean critique finds Freudian theory culture-bound, but in ways different from those cited by Western theorists. 对比Western feminist和Korean 对于Freudian的批判方法的不同The Korean theorists claim that Freudian theory assumes the universality of the Western nuclear, male-headed family and focuses on the personality formation of the individual, independent of (independent of: 不依赖...,独立于....) society. An analysis based on such assumptions could be valid for a highly competitive, individualistic society. In the Freudian family drama (a state, situation, or series of events involving interesting or intense conflict of forces), family members are assumed to be engaged in a Darwinian struggle against each other—father against son and sibling against sibling. Such a concept projects the competitive model of Western society onto human personalities.说明western society是认同independent ，并且弗洛伊德也是受到了西方社会的影响But in the Asian concept of personality there is no ideal attached to individualism or to the independent self. 在亚洲人们并不认同个人主义The Western model of personality development does not explain major characteristics of the Korean personality, which is social and group-centered. The “self” is a social being defined by and acting in a group, and the well-being of both men and women is determined by the equilibrium of the group, not by individual self-assertion (1: the act of asserting oneself or one's own rights, claims, or opinions 2: the act of asserting one's superiority over others). The ideal is one of interdependency.通过研究双方对于社会形式的认识，说明西方更加强调个体性，而亚洲更加突出总体

In such a context, what is recognized as “dependency” in Western psychiatric terms is not, in Korean terms, an admission of weakness or failure. All this bears directly on the Asian perception of men’s and women’s psychology because men are also “dependent.” In Korean culture, men cry and otherwise easily show their emotions, something that might be considered a betrayal of masculinity（男子气概） in Western culture. 说明男性在西方和在韩国的不同In the kinship-based society of Korea, four generations may live in the same house, which means that people can be sons and daughters all their lives, whereas in Western culture, the roles of husband and son, wife and daughter, are often incompatible.说明中西方家庭生活的不同

总结：第一段虽然提到了对于该新项目的批评，但是其发起人认为这个项目并不是对于西方理论的模仿，而是与其有区别，甚至是批判的地方。然后举例，西方和韩国对于弗洛伊德的批评观点不同，最后举例中西方家庭生活的区别。主要目的就是为了说明实际上该项目和西方理论是有区别的！

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1. Which of the following best summarizes the content of the passage?

(A) A critique of a particular women’s studies program

并不是要批评这个项目，而是质疑批评

(B) A report of work in social theory done by a particular women’s studies program

但是其目的还是为了突出该项目与西方理论的不同

(C) An assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a particular women’s studies program

并没有指出该项目的优点和缺点，而是说明其与西方理论的区别

(D) An analysis of the philosophy underlying women’s studies programs 一半对，一半错

扩大了范围，文中只提到了一个项目，而这里指代所有的女性研究项目（B）

(E) An abbreviated history of Korean women’s studies programs

虽然第一段有提到其成立时间，但是主要还是为了说明其独特之处的

2. It can be inferred from the passage that Korean scholars in the field of women’s studies undertook（采取）an analysis of Freudian theory as a response to which of the following?

(A) Attacks by critics of the Ewha women’s studies program

虽然第一段有提到对于该项目的批评，但是末尾指出该项目的发起者认为这些批评是错误的，因为该项目并不是模仿western theory,即两者不同。然后在第二段具体解释两者之间的不同

(B) The superficiality（浅薄） of earlier critiques of Freudian theory

(C) The popularity of Freud in Korean psychiatric circles

(D) Their desire to encourage Korean scholars to adopt the Freudian model（E）

(E) Their assessment of the relevance and limitations of Western feminist theory with respect to Korean culture

3. Which of the following conclusions about the introduction of Western ideas to Korean society can be supported by information contained in the passage?

(A) Except for technological innovations, few Western ideas have been successfully transplanted into Korean society.

(B) The introduction of Western ideas to Korean society is viewed by some Koreans as a challenge to Korean identity.

(C) The development of the Korean economy depends heavily on the development of new academic programs modeled after Western programs.

(D) The extent to which Western ideas must be adapted for acceptance by Korean society is minimal.（B）

(E) The introduction of Western ideas to Korean society accelerated after 1977.

4. It can be inferred from the passage that the broadcast media in Korea considered the establishment of the Ewha women’s studies program

(A) praiseworthy

(B) insignificant

(C) newsworthy

(D) imitative（C）

(E) incomprehensible

5. It can be inferred from the passage that the position taken by some of the supporters of the Ewha women’s studies program was problematic to the founders of the program because those supporters

(A) assumed that the program would be based on the uncritical adoption of Western theory

(B) failed to show concern for the issues of national unification and economic development

(C) were unfamiliar with Western feminist theory

(D) were not themselves scholars in the field of women’s studies（A）

(E) accepted the universality of Freudian theory

6. Which of the following statements is most consistent with the view of personality development held by the Ewha women’s studies group?

(A) Personality development occurs in identifiable stages, beginning with dependency in childhood and ending with independence in adulthood.

(B) Any theory of personality development, in order to be valid, must be universal.

(C) Personality development is influenced by the characteristics of the society in which a person lives.

(D) Personality development is hindered if a person is not permitted to be independent.（C）

(E) No theory of personality development can account for the differences between Korean and Western culture.

7. Which of the following statements about the Western feminist critique of Freudian theory can be supported by information contained in the passage?

(A) It recognizes the influence of Western culture on Freudian theory.

(B) It was written after 1977.

(C) It acknowledges the universality of the nuclear, male-headed family. 这是韩国的观点

(D) It challenges Freud’s analysis of the role of daughters in Western society.（A）

(E) It fails to address the issue of competitiveness in Western society. 正好相反

8. According to the passage, critics of the Ewha women’s studies program cited the program as a threat to which of the following?

I. National identity

II. National unification

III. Economic development

IV. Family integrity

(C) I, II, and III only

(D) II, III, and IV only（C）