读不懂了：2772-p5(5/63)

zcx

这是一篇讲统计数字高估低估失业实际情况的文章，觉得里面很多论证很散乱，不知道他想表达什么意思，比如. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer.这一段是解释低估苦难的其中一个小论点的，这个小论点是：低收入和经常长时间事业的人自立能力受到影响。可是我看不出这小论点和论证之间意思联系，给讲讲？

另外，此片的第8、9体怎么做？

谢谢

zcx

mm,你给解释的是第七题，这题我也花了九牛二虎之力才终于找到出处，但好像和你的解释有不同；我想问的是第8、9题 和我贴的那段话到底想说什么。。。这篇文章我看了2个多小时，总觉得找不出道道来。

zcx

等等，我只看见一个贴，回头发现是三个

zcx

第8题解释只能说部分释疑，是在不同时间，但是文章没有说不同的人，只是通指失业的人，困惑。。。

第九题有没有nn解释解题思路？

weiyu

Passage5

Passage 5 (5/63)

How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930’s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple-earner, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force (T7: overprediction是因为财富增加，家里有多人工作，失业者有第二职业(这和T7-B说任何人有多于一份职业是不同的)), so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.

Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer (T8:因为在某个时段可能失业者要多于月和年平均失业人数，想想比如年平均失业人数是400,　但是在某个时段是40000，你能用年平均失业人数来说明他们的suffer不严重吗？这就是D的内容). For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.

As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate—that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.(T9：贫穷，就业，和收入统计不能有效的表现出劳动力市场问题．反驳这个结论就是他们能体现劳动力市场变化，A)fficeffice" />

    

T7的干扰在B选项．

7.                 According to the passage, one factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to overpredict the amount of economic hardship is the

(A) recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workers

(B) possibility that earnings may be received from more than one job per worker

(C) fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wages and remain poor

(D) establishment of a system of record-keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statistics（E）

(E) prevalence, among low-wage workers and the unemployed, of members of families in which others are employed

    

8.                 The conclusion stated in lines 33-39 about the number of people who suffer as a result of forced idleness depends primarily on the point that

(A) in times of high unemployment, there are some people who do not remain unemployed for long

(B) the capacity for self-support depends on receiving moderate-to-high wages

(C) those in forced idleness include, besides the unemployed, both underemployed part-time workers and those not actively seeking work

(D) at different times during the year, different people are unemployed（D）

(E) many of those who are affected by unemployment are dependents of unemployed workers

9.                 Which of the following, if true, is the best criticism of the author’s argument concerning why poverty statistics cannot properly be used to show the effects of problems in the labor market?

(A) A short-term increase in the number of those in poverty can indicate a shortage of jobs because the basic number of those unable to accept employment remains approximately constant.

(B) For those who are in poverty as a result of joblessness, there are social programs available that provide a minimum standard of living.

(C) Poverty statistics do not consistently agree with earnings statistics, when each is taken as a measure of hardship resulting from unemployment.

(D) The elderly and handicapped categories include many who previously were employed in the labor market.（A）

(E) Since the labor market is global in nature, poor workers in one country are competing with poor workers in another with respect to the level of wages and the existence of jobs.

胡说了一通，欢迎指正

zcx

Weiyu gg， 很感谢你的解释，第8题你的距离让我明白了，但是第9题我仍然觉得答案说服不了。

我觉得作者的观点是原来的统计数据在不同的角度看，又高估或低估的情况。我想批判它的观点就应该从数据能够反映失业和贫穷的实际状况这个角度。但是a 说短时间内，贫穷数字的增加反映了职位数量的减少，因为那些不能找到工作的人的数字基本维持不变。这怎么weaken作者的观点呢？好像联系不上。

weiyu

以下是引用zcx在2004-4-7 21:36:00的发言：

Weiyu gg， 很感谢你的解释，第8题你的距离让我明白了，但是第9题我仍然觉得答案说服不了。

我觉得作者的观点是原来的统计数据在不同的角度看，又高估或低估的情况。我想批判它的观点就应该从数据能够反映失业和贫穷的实际状况这个角度。

同意：就是说这帮土人的统计数据不能准确表示失业和贫穷．

但是a 说短时间内，贫穷数字的增加反映了职位数量的减少，因为那些不能找到工作的人的数字基本维持不变。这怎么weaken作者的观点呢？好像联系不上。

不论是暂时还是长期，只要说明这帮土人的统计数据能准确表示失业就行，是一个必要性和充分性的差别

zcx

咦，weiyu gg你也爱用“土人”这个词，我的favorite来的，但在这不敢用。

让偶想想，偶的逻辑很差，gg说的有道理

bigp

以下是引用weiyu在2004-4-7 15:17:00的发言：

when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, 失业者有第二职业(这和T7-B说任何人有多于一份职业是不同的)),

weiyu兄，我对你文中的翻译有一处不是很理解。the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed，失业者有第二职业(这和T7-B说任何人有多于一份职业是不同的))。但是，我感觉，是不是这句话对应１９３０年的when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners，从而翻译成：失业者中，这么一种人的比重占很大部分。这种人在家庭收入中，只占据着次要地位。（也就是说，ｐｒｉｍａｒｙ　ｅａｒｎｅｒ失业的比重较小）。

请指教。

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-12-25 4:51:22编辑过]

wwwhahchn

As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus.

hundreds of thousands和tens of millions，应该怎么翻译？？