小白求助2，希望NN们不吝赐教，走过路过都来说两句，没准你的一句话就会成为点金石哦！

福亲王

OG 12th
Q4-8
   A recent study has provided clues to predator-prey dynamics in the late Pleistocene era. Researchers compared the number of tooth fractures in present-day carnivores with tooth fractures in carnivores that lived 36,000 to 10,000 years ago and that were preserved in the Rancho L B tar pits in LA. The breakage frequencies in the extinct species were strikingly higher than those in the present-day species.
   In considering possible explanations for this finding, the reserachers dismissed demographic bias because older individuals were not overrepresented in the fossil samples. .....


我的问题是，在这里overrepresented怎么理解？文章是说，

1. 在所有样本中older sample没有多少，或者说没有过于多；
   
2. 还是说，在所有样本中older sample的 fractures，并没有多少，或者说没有过多？
   

Q7 （is the problem and also my help）
The researchers' conclusion concerning the absence of demographic bias would be most seriously undermined if it were found that

A.the older and individual carnivore is, the more likely it is to have a large number of tooth fractures

B.the average age at death of a present-day carnivore is greater than was the average at death of a Pleistoncene carnivore

C.in P carnivore species, older indiciduals consumed carcasses as thorroughly as did younger indiciduals

D.the methods used to determine animals' ages in fossil samples tend to misidentify many older individuals as younger individuals.

E.data concerning the ages of fossil sanmples cannot provide reliable information about behavioral differences between extinct carnivores and present-day carnivores.




先谢谢大家了！

royce_rong

我不是nn, 但我觉得是1

福亲王

3x 但是你怎么确定不是2呢?